Background Several studies have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) and oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) are critical factors in atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the molecular basis of mutually facilitative interactions between Ang II and ox-LDL in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Methods and results We observed that incubation of cultured HCAECs with Ang II (10-12 to 10-6 M) for 24 hours caused a concentration-dependent increase in the expression of mRNA and protein of a specialised receptor for ox-LDL (LOX-1). These effects of Ang II were completely blocked by pretreatment of HCAECs with candesartan (10-6 M), a specific AT1-receptor blocker, but not by PD 123319 (10-6 M), a specific AT2-receptor blocker. On the other hand, incubation of HCAECs with ox-LDL (10 and 40 µg/ml) for 24 hours progressively upregulated AT1-, but not AT 2-, receptor mRNA and protein. Pretreatment of cells with the anti-oxidant alpha-tocopherol (1—5 x 10-6 M) inhibited the upregulation of AT1-receptor expression induced by ox-LDL (p<0.05). To determine the significance of expression of AT1-receptors and LOX-1, we measured cell injury in response to Ang II and ox-LDL. Incubation of cells with both ox-LDL and Ang II synergistically increased cell injury, measured as cell viability and LDH release, compared with either ox-LDL or Ang II alone (both p<0.05). Alpha-tocopherol, as well as candesartan, attenuated cell injury in response to Ang II and ox-LDL (both p<0.05). Conclusions These observations show that Ang II upregulates a novel endothelial receptor for ox-LDL (LOX-1) gene expression and ox-LDL in turn upregulates Ang II AT 1receptor gene expression. This interaction between Ang II and ox-LDL further augments cell injury in HCAECs. These findings provide basis for the use of AT1-receptor blockers and anti-oxidants in designing therapy for atherosclerosis and myocardial ischaemia.
Angiotensin II via Activation of Type 1 Receptor Upregulates Expression of Endoglin in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells
