Abstract P325: High-Fat Feeding Does not Alter the Sparse Sympathetic Nerve Density in Mesenteric Resistance Artery Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Rats raised in the cold showed an unusual pattern of adipose tissue morphology. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained in a 5 degrees C environment for up to 24 wk and the cellularity of their major adipose depots was determined. Normal age-related increases in adipocyte number were absent in two major fat depots (retroperitoneal and inguinal), whereas there was a supranormal increase in a third (epididymal). This pattern of hyperplasia contrasts sharply with that seen in rats fed highly palatable high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets in which retroperitoneal depots show the most hyperplasia and epididymal pads the least. Such variations of response across depots suggest that the features of adipose tissue responsible for adipocyte proliferation in the various depots may not be homogeneous both in their nature and in their distribution.

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Maternal Vitamin a Supplementation Modulates Adipose Tissue Development in Offspring of Rats Consuming a High-Fat Diet (FS06-02-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz029.fs06-02-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Shu Hang Kwan ◽

Katelyn Senkus ◽

Kristi Crowe-White ◽

Libo Tan

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Vitamin A ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Adipose Tissue Development

Abstract Objectives Vitamin A (VA) is a key regulator of obesity development and associated metabolic complications in adults. The aim of this study is to assess the impacts of VA supplementation during suckling and post-weaning periods on the adipose tissue (AT) development in rats reared by mothers consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Four Sprague-Dawley rats arrived on their 2nd day of gestation. After 3 days of acclimation, they were randomized to either a normal-fat diet (NFD = 25% fat) with adequate VA at 2.6 mg/kg (n = 2) or a HFD (50% fat) with the same amount of VA (n = 2). Upon delivery, pups were transferred to achieve a same number of n = 11/litter. Two mother rats, one from each group, were switched to a NFD and a HFD both with supplemented VA at 129 mg/kg (NFD + VA and HFD + VA), respectively. The other two remained on their diets with adequate VA through lactation (NFD and HFD). At postnatal day 14 (P14) and P25, 4 pups/litter were euthanized with body weight (BW), visceral white AT (WAT) mass, and brown AT (BAT) mass recorded. Serum samples from P25 necropsy were analyzed for glucose, lipids, leptin, adiponectin, and inflammatory biomarkers. At P25, the rest weanling pups (n = 3/group) were fed the diets as their respective mothers until they were euthanized at P35. Results At P14 and P25, the BW and WAT mass of pups in the HFD group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the NFD groups. Comparatively, these measures were significantly reduced in the HFD + VA group as compared to the HFD litter. A similar pattern of change in WAT mass was observed at P35. Additionally, at P25, the BAT mass of pups was significantly reduced by the maternal HFD, but VA supplement restored the level to that in the NFD groups. Serum analysis from P25 revealed a significantly higher adiponectin level in the HFD + VA group. In contrast, VA supplement showed a trend to reduce the glucose and leptin levels that were raised by the maternal HFD consumption. Conclusions Results support a regulatory role of VA supplementation during suckling and post-weaning period in the AT development in offspring from mothers consuming a HFD as evidenced by reduced BW and WAT mass, increased BAT mass, and modulation of adipokines. Future analysis will be conducted to study the mechanisms by which VA may impact the adipogenesis, WAT browning, and AT secretory functions. Funding Sources NIH.

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Abstract P067: Piezo1 Activation Inhibits Adipogenesis And Lipogenesis In Perivascular Adipose Tissue Preadipocytes

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.p067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Cristian Javier Rendon Mora ◽

Emma D Flood ◽

Stephanie W Watts ◽

G.Andres Contreras ◽

Janice Thompson

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽

Serial Passage ◽

Cell System ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽

Triglyceride Accumulation ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Triglyceride Content

In adipogenesis, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) preadipocytes turn into adipocytes. In non-PVAT preadipocytes, mechanical forces affect the commitment and lipogenic stages of adipogenesis. The mechanism may involve PIEZO1, a mechanosensor, that boosts differentiation of progenitor cells towards osteogenic and fibroblastic lineages. Since hypertension causes changes in the vascular forces that could affect adipogenesis in PVAT, our objective was to evaluate PIEZO1 expression patterns in PVAT and the effects of PIEZO1 activation on the adipogenic potential of preadipocytes. We hypothesize that PIEZO1 activation limits the adipogenic potential of PVAT preadipocytes. PVAT from the thoracic aorta (APVAT) was collected from male Sprague Dawley rats at 10 weeks of age (n=5). Preadipocytes were obtained by Liberase digestion followed by serial passage of adherent cells. Preadipocyte progenitors, CD34+PDGFRα+, were harvested by magnetic-activated sorting. PIEZO1 expression was assessed by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence (IF). Preadipocytes were induced to differentiate for 14 d in standard media (CON) or in the presence of PIEZO1 agonist Yoda (10μM) and inhibitor Dooku (5μM) during days 0-2 (commitment), 3-14 (lipogenesis), and 0-14 (overall adipogenesis). Adipogenesis was evaluated with IncuCyte Live-Cell system using the triglyceride stain Bodipy 493503. Triglyceride content is reported as Bodipy Intensity/Adipocyte Count. Piezo1 RNA was expressed in adipocytes and the stromal vascular fraction of APVAT. PIEZO1 IF signal was detected in SVF and preadipocyte. Triglyceride was reduced by Yoda (62 ± 14.3) and Dooku (49.3 ± 14) during 0-2 d compared to CON (312.5 ± 165.6). Neither Yoda nor Dooku for 12 d affected triglyceride accumulation compared to CON. In contrast, the lipid content of Yoda (77.7 ± 21.3) and Dooku (48.9 ± 15.2) treated cells during 14 d was reduced vs CON (312.5 ± 165.6). The expression of PIEZO1 in all PVAT fractions suggests mechanosensitivity. PIEZO1 activation during adipogenesis commitment impaired adipocyte maturation. These data provide evidence for the capacity of mechanosensory expressed in PVAT preadipocytes to modulate adipogenesis, underpinning the deleterious impact of hypertension on PVAT function.

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Systemic and Adipose Tissue Redox Status in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed Normal- and High-Fat Diets Supplemented with Lycopene

Journal of Medicinal Food ◽

10.1089/jmf.2020.0064 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katelyn E. Senkus ◽

Libo Tan ◽

Kristi M. Crowe-White

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Redox Status ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

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Effect of Resistance Training on NADPH Oxidase and Adiponectin in PVAT of OVX Rats

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/ksep.2021.30.2.205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 205-212

Author(s):

Erling Guo ◽

Jin-Hwan Yoon ◽

Wooyeon Jo ◽

Jaeho Jin ◽

Sang Ki Lee

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Abdominal Aorta ◽

Sham Group ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

PURPOSE: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a type of adipose tissue that surrounds vessels to provide anti-contractile effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training on NADPH oxidase, adiponectin, and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression in the abdominal aorta and PVAT of ovariectomized rats.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats at 20 weeks of age were divided into three groups: sham control (Sham, n=10), OVX-control (OVX_ Con, n=10), and OVX-resistance exercise (OVX_Rex, n=10). Resistance training was performed by climbing a ladder for 12 weeks. Western blotting was used to analyze target protein expression in the rat abdominal aorta and PVAT.RESULTS: NADPH oxidase (p67phox) expression was significantly higher in the OVX_Con group than in the sham group, but it was significantly decreased in the OVX_Rex group. The expression of adiponectin, AKT, and eNOS in both abdominal aorta and PVAT was significantly reduced in the OVX_Con group than in the Sham group, but it was improved in the OVX_Rex group.CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest that regular resistance training inhibits p67phox and increases adiponectin expression and phosphorylation of AKT and eNOS in abdominal aortic PVAT of ovariectomized rats.

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Loss of anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in offspring of obese rats

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/ijo.2016.62 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 1205-1214 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

K E Zaborska ◽

M Wareing ◽

G Edwards ◽

C Austin

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Later Life ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Response Curves ◽

Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽

Contractile Effect ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation

Abstract Rationale: Maternal obesity pre-programmes offspring to develop obesity and associated cardiovascular disease. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anti-contractile effect on the vasculature, which is reduced in hypertension and obesity. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal obesity pre-programmes offspring to develop PVAT dysfunction in later life. Methods: Female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 10% (control) or 45% fat (high fat diet, HFD) for 12 weeks prior to mating and during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were killed at 12 or 24 weeks of age and tension in PVAT-intact or -denuded mesenteric artery segments was measured isometrically. Concentration–response curves were constructed to U46619 and norepinephrine. Results: Only 24-week-old HFD offspring were hypertensive (P<0.0001), although the anti-contractile effect of PVAT was lost in vessels from HFD offspring of each age. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with 100 μM l-NMMA attenuated the anti-contractile effect of PVAT and increased contractility of PVAT-denuded arteries (P<0.05, P<0.0001). The increase in contraction was smaller in PVAT-intact than PVAT-denuded vessels from 12-week-old HFD offspring, suggesting decreased PVAT-derived NO and release of a contractile factor (P<0.07). An additional, NO-independent effect of PVAT was evident only in norepinephrine-contracted vessels. Activation of AMP-activated kinase (with 10 μM A769662) was anti-contractile in PVAT-denuded (P<0.0001) and -intact (P<0.01) vessels and was due solely to NO in controls; the AMPK effect was similar in HFD offspring vessels (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) but was partially NO-independent. Conclusions: The diminished anti-contractile effects of PVAT in offspring of HFD dams are primarily due to release of a PVAT-derived contractile factor and reduced NO bioavailability.

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Abstract P071: Transglutaminases Are Active In Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.p071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Alexis Orr ◽

Janice Thompson ◽

Janae Lyttle ◽

Stephanie W Watts

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Western Blot ◽

Blot Analysis ◽

Western Blot Analysis ◽

Coagulation Factor ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽

Tissue Sections ◽

Mesenteric Resistance Artery ◽

Immunohistochemical Analyses

Transglutaminases (TGs) are crosslinking enzymes best known for their vascular remodeling in hypertension. They require calcium to form an isopeptide bond, connecting a glutamine to a protein bound lysine residue or a free amine donor such as norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT). We discovered that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contains significant amounts of these amines, making PVAT an ideal model in which to test interactions of amines and TGs. We hypothesized that TG2 and FXIII are active in PVAT. Sprague-Dawley rat aortic, superior mesenteric (SMA), and mesenteric resistance artery (MR) PVAT express TG2 and blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) mRNA (Figure 1A). Consistent with this, immunohistochemical analyses support that PVATs all express TG2 and FXIII protein. The activity of TG2 and FXIII was investigated in tissue sections using substrate peptides that label active TGs and a catalyzing calcium solution, visualized with TRITC fluorescence (Figure 1B,C). Both TG2 and FXIII are active in rat aortic PVAT, SMAPVAT, and MRPVAT. Western blot analysis determined that the known TG inhibitor cystamine reduced incorporation of experimentally added amine donor 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine (BAP) into MRPVAT by 6.14% of total normalized signal (p<0.0001, N=7). Further Western blot analysis proved that experimentally added 5-HT competitively inhibits incorporation of experimentally added BAP into MRPVAT adipocytes, reducing total normalized signal by 10.75% (p=0.001, N=4). Further studies to determine what proteins TGs are amidating will give insight into how these enzymes contribute to the development of hypertension.

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