Abstract P071: Transglutaminases Are Active In Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Orr ◽  
Janice Thompson ◽  
Janae Lyttle ◽  
Stephanie W Watts
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Mesenteric Resistance Artery ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

Transglutaminases (TGs) are crosslinking enzymes best known for their vascular remodeling in hypertension. They require calcium to form an isopeptide bond, connecting a glutamine to a protein bound lysine residue or a free amine donor such as norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT). We discovered that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contains significant amounts of these amines, making PVAT an ideal model in which to test interactions of amines and TGs. We hypothesized that TG2 and FXIII are active in PVAT. Sprague-Dawley rat aortic, superior mesenteric (SMA), and mesenteric resistance artery (MR) PVAT express TG2 and blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) mRNA (Figure 1A). Consistent with this, immunohistochemical analyses support that PVATs all express TG2 and FXIII protein. The activity of TG2 and FXIII was investigated in tissue sections using substrate peptides that label active TGs and a catalyzing calcium solution, visualized with TRITC fluorescence (Figure 1B,C). Both TG2 and FXIII are active in rat aortic PVAT, SMAPVAT, and MRPVAT. Western blot analysis determined that the known TG inhibitor cystamine reduced incorporation of experimentally added amine donor 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine (BAP) into MRPVAT by 6.14% of total normalized signal (p<0.0001, N=7). Further Western blot analysis proved that experimentally added 5-HT competitively inhibits incorporation of experimentally added BAP into MRPVAT adipocytes, reducing total normalized signal by 10.75% (p=0.001, N=4). Further studies to determine what proteins TGs are amidating will give insight into how these enzymes contribute to the development of hypertension.

scholarly journals Transglutaminases Are Active in Perivascular Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2649
Author(s):  
Alexis N. Orr ◽  
Janice M. Thompson ◽  
Janae M. Lyttle ◽  
Stephanie W. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

Transglutaminases (TGs) are crosslinking enzymes best known for their vascular remodeling in hypertension. They require calcium to form an isopeptide bond, connecting a glutamine to a protein bound lysine residue or a free amine donor such as norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT). We discovered that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contains significant amounts of these amines, making PVAT an ideal model to test interactions of amines and TGs. We hypothesized that transglutaminases are active in PVAT. Real time RT-PCR determined that Sprague Dawley rat aortic, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and mesenteric resistance vessel (MR) PVATs express TG2 and blood coagulation Factor-XIII (FXIII) mRNA. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical analyses support that these PVATs all express TG2 and FXIII protein. The activity of TG2 and FXIII was investigated in tissue sections using substrate peptides that label active TGs when in a catalyzing calcium solution. Both TG2 and FXIII were active in rat aortic PVAT, SMAPVAT, and MRPVAT. Western blot analysis determined that the known TG inhibitor cystamine reduced incorporation of experimentally added amine donor 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine (BAP) into MRPVAT. Finally, experimentally added NE competitively inhibited incorporation of BAP into MRPVAT adipocytes. Further studies to determine the identity of amidated proteins will give insight into how these enzymes contribute to functions of PVAT and, ultimately, blood pressure.

RNAScope as a platform to detect IDO1 expression in tumor tissue sections.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 116-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pratta
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Hela Cell ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Ido1 Expression ◽  
Tumor Types

116 RNAScope is a sensitive, specific platform to detect IDO1 expression in tumor tissue sections. M Pratta, M Rupar, P Waeltz, T Burn, G Hollis, M Covington, M Smith, and R Newton. Incyte Corp. Wilm. DE. Background: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the primary and rate-limiting step in tryptophan catabolism to generate N-formyl-kynurenine (Kyn). Through a combination of local depletion of tryptophan and an increase in Kyn concentrations, IDO-1 activity can result in the suppression of antitumor immune responses. Because IDO-1 inhibitors are now in the clinic for treatment of multiple tumor types, immunohistological approaches are employed to demonstrate IDO1 expression in tumor biopsies. However, using a commercially available antibody to detect IDO1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), the level of sensitivity was inadequate. Methods: In order to improve the sensitivity of IDO1 detection, we evaluated in situ hybridization (ISH) using RNAScope technology and digital quantitation by HALO analysis in collaboration with Advanced Cell Diagnostics (ACD). The technology was cross-validated using IDO1 qRT-PCR, Western blot, and activity analysis and compared with standard IHC. We initially evaluated IDO1 expression in HeLa cells stimulated with various concentrations of IFNγ, and then extended the observations using tissue sections from multiple tumor types. Results: In the HeLa cell model, IFNγ induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase of IDO1 at the mRNA, protein, and activity level. Although IDO1 was successfully detected in the HeLa cell samples by IHC, comparison of the platforms indicated IFNγ EC50 values were in strong agreement between RNAScope (193.8 pg/ml) and Western blot analysis (170.8 pg/ml), but was much higher by IHC analysis (2206 pg/ml). A strong positive correlation (*p < 0.0001) between RNAScope and Western blot analysis was observed, suggesting a highly coordinated induction of IDO1 by IFNγ at both the mRNA and protein levels. FFPE tumor tissue from melanoma, HNSCC, bladder, renal, ovarian, and lung cancers visualized by RNAScope all show varying levels of IDO1 expression. Conclusions: These data support the use of RNAScope for the analysis of IDO1 expression in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Extraction and Analysis of Diagnostically Useful Proteins from Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimimasa Ikeda ◽  
Takushi Monden ◽  
Toshiyuki Kanoh ◽  
Masaki Tsujie ◽  
Hikaru Izawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Formalin Fixed

We describe and discuss a method of protein extraction for Western blot analysis from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. From 5-mm2 50-μm-thick tissue sections, an abundance of proteins could be extracted by incubating the sections in lysis buffer containing 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 100C for 20 min followed by incubation at 60C for 2 hr. Extracts yielded discernible protein bands ranging from 10 kD to 120 kD as identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Western blot analysis successfully detected membrane-bound protein such as E-cadherin, cytosolic protein such as β-catenin, and nuclear proteins including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), mutant-type p53, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). With this technique, we could examine cyclin D1 and CDK2 expression in small adenomas compared with cancer tissues and normal mucosa. The simple method of protein extraction described here should make it possible to use large-scale archives of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples for Western blot analysis, and its application could lead to detailed analysis of protein expression. This new technique should yield valuable information for molecular biology.

scholarly journals Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Caloric Restriction in an Aged and Obese Rat Model: The Role of Adiponectin

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Daniele La Russa ◽  
Alessandro Marrone ◽  
Maurizio Mandalà ◽  
Rachele Macirella ◽  
Daniela Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Caloric restriction (CR) represents a powerful intervention for extending healthspan and lifespan in several animal models, from yeast to primates. Additionally, in humans, CR has been found to induce cardiometabolic adaptations associated with improved health. In this study, we evaluated in an aged and obese rat model the effect of long-term (6 months) caloric restriction (−40%) on the oxidative/inflammatory balance in order to investigate the underlining mechanisms. In plasma, we analyzed the oxidative balance by photometric tests and the adiponectin/tumor necrosis factor-α-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) levels by Western blot analysis. In the white adipose tissue, we examined the protein levels of AdipoR1, pAMPK, NFκB, NRF-2, and glutathione S-tranferase P1 by Western blot analysis. Our results clearly showed that caloric restriction significantly improves the plasmatic oxidative/inflammatory balance in parallel with a major increase in circulating adiponectin levels. Additionally, at the level of adipose tissue, we found a positive modulation of both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. These adaptations, induced by caloric restriction, with the achievement of normal weight, suggest that inflammatory and redox imbalance in obese aged rats appear to be more linked to obesity than to aging.

scholarly journals EA Ameliorated Depressive Behaviors in CUMS Rats and Was Related to Its Suppressing Autophagy in the Hippocampus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhinan Zhang ◽  
Xiaowen Cai ◽  
Zengyu Yao ◽  
Feng Wen ◽  
Zhiyi Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nonsignificant Difference ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

Autophagy is confirmed to be involved in the onset and development of depression, and some antidepressants took effect by influencing the autophagic process. Electroacupuncture (EA), as a common complementary treatment for depression, may share the mechanism of influencing autophagy in the hippocampus like antidepressants. To investigate that, sixty Sprague-Dawley rats firstly went through chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model establishment, and 15 rats were assigned to a control group. After modeling, 45 successfully CUMS-induced rats were randomly divided to 3 groups: CUMS, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and EA groups (15 rats per group), to accept different interventions for 2 weeks. A sucrose preference test (SPT), weighing, and open field test (OFT) were measurement for depressive behaviors of rats. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the autophagic changes. After that, depression-like behaviors were successfully induced in CUMS models and reversed by SSRI and EA treatments (both p<0.05), but these two therapies had nonsignificant difference between each other (p>0.05). Autolysosomes observed through TEM in the CUMS group were more than that in the control group. Their number and size in the SSRI and EA groups also decreased significantly. From IHC, the CUMS group showed enhanced positive expression of both Beclin1 and LC3 in CA1 after modeling (p<0.05), and the LC3 level declined after EA treatments, which was verified by decreased LC3-II/LC3-I in western blot analysis. We speculated that CUMS-induced depression-like behavior was interacted with an autophagy process in the hippocampus, and EA demonstrated antidepressant effects by partly inhibiting autophagy with a decreased number of autolysosomes and level of LC3 along with LC3-II/LC3-I.

Characterization of a Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Coagulation Factor XI and Detection of Factor XI in Hep G2 Cell Conditioned Medium

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ohkubo ◽  
D P O’Brien ◽  
T Kanehiro ◽  
H Fukui ◽  
E G D Tuddenham
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Factor Xi

SummaryWe have produced a panel of ten monoclonal antibodies specific to coagulation factor XI. Western blot analysis demonstrates that 9 of these antibodies react with the heavy chain of factor XI and one with the light chain. Seven of these antibodies inhibit factor XI and factor XIa activity.We have used immobilised monoclonal antibody for the production of factor XI deficient plasma and to purify factor XI to homogeneity with high yield in a simple two-step procedure. These monoclonal antibodies were used to develop highly sensitive immunoassays capable of detecting less than 0.01 u factor XI antigen ml−1. A strong correlation was found between antigen and activity levels in 11 patients with hereditary deficiency indicating that none was cross-reacting material positive. Cultured Hep G2 cells were found to synthesize small amounts of factor XI antigen and this could also be detected by functional assay and by western blot analysis.

scholarly journals LYRM1, a novel gene promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of preadipocytes

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Qiu ◽  
Chun-Lin Gao ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Rong-Hua Chen ◽  
Xia Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue ◽  
Novel Gene ◽  
Obese Subjects

ObjectiveTo characterize a novel gene, Homo sapiens LYR motif containing 1 (LYRM1), that is highly expressed in omental adipose tissue of obese subjects.Methods and resultsRT-PCR and western blot analysis confirmed that both mRNA and protein levels of LYRM1 were higher in omental adipose tissue of obese subjects than in normal weight subjects. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that LYRM1 expression is widely distributed, with the highest levels of expression occurring in adipose tissue. A fusion protein of LYRM1 and green fluorescent protein as well as western blot analysis were used to identify the subcellular localization of LYRM1 in the nucleus. Based on Oil red O staining and the expression profile of specific differentiation markers, ectopic LYRM1 expression was not found to significantly affect adipogenesis. MTT assays and cell cycle analysis showed that LYRM1 promotes preadipocyte proliferation, and data from annexin V-FITC and caspase-3 activity assays further determined that LYRM1 can inhibit apoptosis of preadipocytes.ConclusionsBy increasing cell proliferation and lowering the rate of apoptosis, LYRM1 has the potential to modulate the size of the preadipocyte pool and influence adipose tissue homeostasis.

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