scholarly journals Effect of Resistance Training on NADPH Oxidase and Adiponectin in PVAT of OVX Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Erling Guo ◽  
Jin-Hwan Yoon ◽  
Wooyeon Jo ◽  
Jaeho Jin ◽  
Sang Ki Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

PURPOSE: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a type of adipose tissue that surrounds vessels to provide anti-contractile effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training on NADPH oxidase, adiponectin, and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression in the abdominal aorta and PVAT of ovariectomized rats.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats at 20 weeks of age were divided into three groups: sham control (Sham, n=10), OVX-control (OVX_ Con, n=10), and OVX-resistance exercise (OVX_Rex, n=10). Resistance training was performed by climbing a ladder for 12 weeks. Western blotting was used to analyze target protein expression in the rat abdominal aorta and PVAT.RESULTS: NADPH oxidase (p67phox) expression was significantly higher in the OVX_Con group than in the sham group, but it was significantly decreased in the OVX_Rex group. The expression of adiponectin, AKT, and eNOS in both abdominal aorta and PVAT was significantly reduced in the OVX_Con group than in the Sham group, but it was improved in the OVX_Rex group.CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest that regular resistance training inhibits p67phox and increases adiponectin expression and phosphorylation of AKT and eNOS in abdominal aortic PVAT of ovariectomized rats.

Effects of resistance training and estrogen replacement on adipose tissue inflammation in ovariectomized rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Cury Rodrigues ◽  
Fabiano Candido Ferreira ◽  
Natália Santanielo Silva-Magosso ◽  
Marina Rodrigues Barbosa ◽  
Markus Vinicius Campos Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Estrogen deficiency is directly related to central obesity and low-grade inflammation. Hormonal replacement and exercise training are both able to decrease fat accumulation and inflammation in postmenopausal women. However, the efficiency of resistance training (RT) and estrogen replacement (ER) in minimizing adiposity and inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of ovariectomized (OVX) rats has not yet been elucidated. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the following 6 groups: sham-operated sedentary (Sham-Sed), OVX-Sed, Sham-RT, OVX-RT, OVX-Sed-ER, and OVX-RT-ER groups. ER was performed by implanting silastic capsules containing 17β-estradiol. For RT, the animals were required to climb a 1.1-m vertical ladder with conical flasks containing weights attached to their tails for 12 weeks. Histological analyses were used to evaluate morphological changes. Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and protein concentrations were determined using Multiplex/Luminex assays. Ovariectomy increased the body mass (BM), adipocyte area, and inflammation in the VAT, the latter of which was indicated by reduced interleukin-10 (48%) and increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration (∼3%). RT efficiently decreased BM, adipocyte area, and inflammation in the OVX groups. The combination of RT and ER decreased BM (19%) and the TNF-α concentration (18%) and increased the gene and protein expression levels of adiponectin (173% and 18%). These results indicate that RT and the combination of RT and ER are efficient strategies for reducing the BM and improving the inflammatory status of OVX rats.

Abstract P067: Piezo1 Activation Inhibits Adipogenesis And Lipogenesis In Perivascular Adipose Tissue Preadipocytes

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Javier Rendon Mora ◽  
Emma D Flood ◽  
Stephanie W Watts ◽  
G.Andres Contreras ◽  
Janice Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Triglyceride Content

In adipogenesis, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) preadipocytes turn into adipocytes. In non-PVAT preadipocytes, mechanical forces affect the commitment and lipogenic stages of adipogenesis. The mechanism may involve PIEZO1, a mechanosensor, that boosts differentiation of progenitor cells towards osteogenic and fibroblastic lineages. Since hypertension causes changes in the vascular forces that could affect adipogenesis in PVAT, our objective was to evaluate PIEZO1 expression patterns in PVAT and the effects of PIEZO1 activation on the adipogenic potential of preadipocytes. We hypothesize that PIEZO1 activation limits the adipogenic potential of PVAT preadipocytes. PVAT from the thoracic aorta (APVAT) was collected from male Sprague Dawley rats at 10 weeks of age (n=5). Preadipocytes were obtained by Liberase digestion followed by serial passage of adherent cells. Preadipocyte progenitors, CD34+PDGFRα+, were harvested by magnetic-activated sorting. PIEZO1 expression was assessed by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence (IF). Preadipocytes were induced to differentiate for 14 d in standard media (CON) or in the presence of PIEZO1 agonist Yoda (10μM) and inhibitor Dooku (5μM) during days 0-2 (commitment), 3-14 (lipogenesis), and 0-14 (overall adipogenesis). Adipogenesis was evaluated with IncuCyte Live-Cell system using the triglyceride stain Bodipy 493503. Triglyceride content is reported as Bodipy Intensity/Adipocyte Count. Piezo1 RNA was expressed in adipocytes and the stromal vascular fraction of APVAT. PIEZO1 IF signal was detected in SVF and preadipocyte. Triglyceride was reduced by Yoda (62 ± 14.3) and Dooku (49.3 ± 14) during 0-2 d compared to CON (312.5 ± 165.6). Neither Yoda nor Dooku for 12 d affected triglyceride accumulation compared to CON. In contrast, the lipid content of Yoda (77.7 ± 21.3) and Dooku (48.9 ± 15.2) treated cells during 14 d was reduced vs CON (312.5 ± 165.6). The expression of PIEZO1 in all PVAT fractions suggests mechanosensitivity. PIEZO1 activation during adipogenesis commitment impaired adipocyte maturation. These data provide evidence for the capacity of mechanosensory expressed in PVAT preadipocytes to modulate adipogenesis, underpinning the deleterious impact of hypertension on PVAT function.

scholarly journals Loss of anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in offspring of obese rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
K E Zaborska ◽  
M Wareing ◽  
G Edwards ◽  
C Austin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Contractile Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Abstract Rationale: Maternal obesity pre-programmes offspring to develop obesity and associated cardiovascular disease. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anti-contractile effect on the vasculature, which is reduced in hypertension and obesity. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal obesity pre-programmes offspring to develop PVAT dysfunction in later life. Methods: Female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 10% (control) or 45% fat (high fat diet, HFD) for 12 weeks prior to mating and during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were killed at 12 or 24 weeks of age and tension in PVAT-intact or -denuded mesenteric artery segments was measured isometrically. Concentration–response curves were constructed to U46619 and norepinephrine. Results: Only 24-week-old HFD offspring were hypertensive (P<0.0001), although the anti-contractile effect of PVAT was lost in vessels from HFD offspring of each age. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with 100 μM l-NMMA attenuated the anti-contractile effect of PVAT and increased contractility of PVAT-denuded arteries (P<0.05, P<0.0001). The increase in contraction was smaller in PVAT-intact than PVAT-denuded vessels from 12-week-old HFD offspring, suggesting decreased PVAT-derived NO and release of a contractile factor (P<0.07). An additional, NO-independent effect of PVAT was evident only in norepinephrine-contracted vessels. Activation of AMP-activated kinase (with 10 μM A769662) was anti-contractile in PVAT-denuded (P<0.0001) and -intact (P<0.01) vessels and was due solely to NO in controls; the AMPK effect was similar in HFD offspring vessels (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) but was partially NO-independent. Conclusions: The diminished anti-contractile effects of PVAT in offspring of HFD dams are primarily due to release of a PVAT-derived contractile factor and reduced NO bioavailability.

Effects of arginine vasotocin, oxytocin, and arginine vasopressin on steroid-induced surges of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in ovariectomized rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Salisbury ◽  
Richard J. Krieg ◽  
Hugo R. Seibel
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Significant Augmentation ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Several studies have indicated that arginine vasotocin (AVT), a nonapeptide closely related to vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin (OT), may act as a pineal antigonadotrophic factor. The present studies were designed to investigate the effects of AVT on the luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (Prl) release induced by sequential steroid priming of ovariectomized (OVX). rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were used 6–8 weeks post-OVX. After implantation of an intra-atrial bleeding catheter, animals were primed with 5 μg of oestradiol benzoate (EB) at 08.00 h on the next morning. Forty-eight hours later 1.5 mg of progesterone (P) was injected and animals were divided into groups which received either saline, AVT (1 of 4 doses), ADH, or OT. The saline or peptides were infused via the intra-atrial catheter at 10.00, 11.00, 12.00, and 13.00 h. Hourly blood sampling was performed at 11.00–18.00 h, and at 21.00 h. The 11.00, 12.00, and 13.00 h samples were taken 10 min after saline or peptide infusion. LH and Prl responses to the peptide infusions could be divided into pre-surge and surge effects. AVT caused a slight, but significant elevation of the normally low levels of LH and Prl which occurred before the onset of their surges. Only the highest dose of AVT (1.0 μg) blocked the LH surge. ADH, however, was capable of stimulating LH and Prl release during the pre-surge period and of inhibiting the LH surge. AVT at a dose of 0.5 or 1.0 μg specifically blocked the onset of the Prl surge, causing Prl to drop to its lowest level at 14.00 h - the time at which Prl levels were maximal in saline-treated animals. After this initial inhibition, however, Prl levels rebounded to show a delayed surge. OT infusion, on the other hand, caused a significant augmentation of the Prl surge. These data indicate that AVT may specifically block the onset of the Prl surge seen after sequential steroid priming of OVX rats, while OT may facilitate the Prl surge.

scholarly journals Prolonged feeding of difructose anhydride III increases strength and mineral concentrations of the femur in ovariectomized rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rieko Mitamura ◽  
Hiroshi Hara
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

This study demonstrates that feeding difructose anhydride III (DFAIII) improves bone strength and femoral mineral concentrations in a rat model of oestrogen deficiency. We showed the relationship between Ca, Mg and P absorption and bone characteristics in rats. Two groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) underwent bilateral ovariectomy (ovariectomized rats, OVX rats) or bilateral laparotomy (sham rats). At 10 weeks old, OVX and sham rats were divided into three subgroups and fed a control, 1·5 % DFAIII or 3 % DFAIII diet for 8 weeks, respectively. Ca but not Mg absorption rates were lowered by ovariectomy; however, ingestion of the 1·5 % and 3 % DFAIII diets similarly restored the reduced Ca absorption in OVX rats at 4 and 8 weeks after feeding of the test diets. DFAIII increased Mg absorption dose-dependently in sham and OVX rats. The bone strength, femoral Ca and Mg concentrations, and distal bone mineral density in the 3 % DFAIII group were higher than those in the control group in OVX rats. The absorption rates of Ca and Mg were significantly correlated with femoral Ca and Mg concentrations and strength, which suggests that increasing both Ca and Mg absorption improves bone characteristics in OVX rats. There were no differences in any of the variables in the femur between the 1·5 % and 3 % DFAIII groups in OVX rats. In conclusion, feeding of a low dose of DFAIII increased intestinal Ca and Mg absorption, and the promotive effect of DFAIII persisted for over 8 weeks. This effect was associated with prevention of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Circulating Metabolic Hormones and Their Central Receptors During Ovariectomy-Induced Weight Gain in Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin E. Burch ◽  
Kelly McCracken ◽  
Daniel J. Buck ◽  
Randall L. Davis ◽  
Dusti K. Sloan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Over Time

Although increasing research focuses on the phenomenon of body weight gain in women after menopause, the complexity of body weight regulation and the array of models used to investigate it has proven to be challenging. Here, we used ovariectomized (OVX) rats, which rapidly gain weight, to determine if receptors for ghrelin, insulin, or leptin in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), arcuate nucleus (ARC), or paraventricular nucleus (PVN) change during post-ovariectomy weight gain. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with ad libitum access to standard laboratory chow were bilaterally OVX or sham OVX. Subgroups were weighed and then terminated on day 5, 33, or 54 post-operatively; blood and brains were collected. ELISA kits were used to measure receptors for ghrelin, insulin, and leptin in the DVC, ARC, and PVN, as well as plasma ghrelin, insulin, and leptin. As expected, body weight increased rapidly after ovariectomy. However, ghrelin receptors did not change in any of the areas for either group, nor did circulating ghrelin. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated comparable ghrelin signaling in these CNS areas for both groups. Insulin receptors in the DVC and PVN decreased in the OVX group over time, increased in the PVN of the Sham group, and were unchanged in the ARC. These changes were accompanied by elevated circulating insulin in the OVX group. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated reduced insulin signaling in the DVC and PVN of OVX rats. Leptin receptors were unchanged in the DVC and ARC, but increased over time in the PVN of the Sham group. These changes were accompanied by elevated circulating leptin in both groups that was more pronounced in the OVX group. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated reduced leptin signaling in the DVC and PVN of both groups, but only in the OVX group for the ARC. Together, these data suggest that weight gain that occurs after removal of ovarian hormones by ovariectomy is associated with selective changes in metabolic hormone signaling in the CNS. While these changes may reflect behavioral or physiological alterations, it remains to be determined whether they cause post-ovariectomy weight gain or result from it.

scholarly journals Transglutaminases Are Active in Perivascular Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2649
Author(s):  
Alexis N. Orr ◽  
Janice M. Thompson ◽  
Janae M. Lyttle ◽  
Stephanie W. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

Transglutaminases (TGs) are crosslinking enzymes best known for their vascular remodeling in hypertension. They require calcium to form an isopeptide bond, connecting a glutamine to a protein bound lysine residue or a free amine donor such as norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT). We discovered that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contains significant amounts of these amines, making PVAT an ideal model to test interactions of amines and TGs. We hypothesized that transglutaminases are active in PVAT. Real time RT-PCR determined that Sprague Dawley rat aortic, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and mesenteric resistance vessel (MR) PVATs express TG2 and blood coagulation Factor-XIII (FXIII) mRNA. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical analyses support that these PVATs all express TG2 and FXIII protein. The activity of TG2 and FXIII was investigated in tissue sections using substrate peptides that label active TGs when in a catalyzing calcium solution. Both TG2 and FXIII were active in rat aortic PVAT, SMAPVAT, and MRPVAT. Western blot analysis determined that the known TG inhibitor cystamine reduced incorporation of experimentally added amine donor 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine (BAP) into MRPVAT. Finally, experimentally added NE competitively inhibited incorporation of BAP into MRPVAT adipocytes. Further studies to determine the identity of amidated proteins will give insight into how these enzymes contribute to functions of PVAT and, ultimately, blood pressure.

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Uterine Morphology and Expression of Oestrogen Receptors in Ovariectomised Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulan Ma ◽  
Dongju Li ◽  
Yi Feng ◽  
Jianwei Jiang ◽  
Bo Shen
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Unique Effect

Aim To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on uterine morphology and expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) α and β in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats with regular 4-day oestrus cycles were divided into a sham operation group (Control, n=10) and two OVX groups that remained untreated (OVX group, n=10) or received EA treatment (OVX+EA group, n=10). In the latter group, EA was applied at CV4, CV3, SP6 and bilateral Zigong (30 min per day) for 3 days. The effects of EA on uterine morphology were observed by H&E staining. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to measure ERα and ERβ mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Results Relative to the (untreated) OVX group, EA treatment significantly increased the uterine wet weight to body weight (UWW/BW) ratio (0.47±0.04 vs 0.31±0.03 g/kg, p=0.04), and myometrial thickness (109.39±10.71 vs 60.81±8.1 μm, p=0.016) of OVX rats. Similarly, the total number of endometrial glands per cross section and endometrial thickness in the OVX +EA group was significantly increased compared to the (untreated) OVX group. EA treatment also increased protein (but not mRNA) expression of both ERα and ERβ in the uteri of OVX rats. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that EA treatment decreases uterine atrophy in OVX rats. This unique effect of EA on the uterus may be due to upregulation of serum levels of E2 and differential regulation of sex steroid receptors ERα and ERβ.

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