Systemic and Adipose Tissue Redox Status in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed Normal- and High-Fat Diets Supplemented with Lycopene

Abstract Objectives Dietary patterns high in fat contribute to the onset of cardiometabolic disease through accrual of adipose tissue (AT). Nevertheless, carotenoids, such as lycopene, may disrupt these metabolic perturbations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate AT development, systemic and AT redox status, and cardiometabolic biomarkers during weaning and post-weaning periods of offspring from mothers fed high fat diets with and without lycopene supplementation. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats arrived on the 2nd day of gestation and were randomized to 25% normal fat diet (NFD) or 50% high fat diet (HFD). Upon delivery, half of HFD mothers were transitioned to HFD supplemented with 1% lycopene (HFDL group). Remaining mothers continued NFD or HFD without supplementation. Four pups/litter were euthanized at postnatal day 25 (P25). Beginning at P25, weanling pups were fed diets of their respective mothers until euthanization at P35 (three pups/litter). Visceral white AT (WAT) and brown AT (BAT) mass was determined, as well as lipid peroxides and antioxidant capacity (AC) of these tissues and serum. Cardiometabolic biomarkers were assessed at P25. Results At each time point, HFD groups had significantly greater (P < 0.05) WAT accrual compared to NFD group, sufficiently representing diet-induced obesity. Compared to the HFD group, the HFDL group exhibited significantly greater BAT at P25 (P = 0.025) with a significant reduction in WAT mass (P = 0.004). Such patterns continued into P35, albeit non-significant. At both time points, serum lipid peroxides were significantly lower in the HFDL group compared to the HFD (P = 0.005, P = 0.003, respectively). In contrast, AT results were starkly different such that the HFDL group exhibited significantly greater (P < 0.05) lipid peroxides in WAT and BAT at P25 and P35 compared to HFD group. No significant differences in systemic or AT AC were observed between groups. Furthermore, serum adiponectin and leptin did not differ significantly between groups despite the aforementioned modifications in AT development. Conclusions Results from this exploratory analysis suggest that lycopene may induce favorable alterations in AT development, yet it differentially influences redox status in serum and AT. Additional research is warranted to elucidate molecular mechanisms by which lycopene influences AT biology and redox status. Funding Sources NIH.

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Decreased beige adipocyte number and mitochondrial respiration coincide with increased histone methyl transferase (G9a) and reduced FGF21 gene expression in Sprague–Dawley rats fed prenatal low protein and postnatal high-fat diets

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.01.008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 113-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kate J. Claycombe ◽

Emilie E. Vomhof-DeKrey ◽

Rolando Garcia ◽

William Thomas Johnson ◽

Eric Uthus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Mitochondrial Respiration ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Methyl Transferase ◽

Low Protein ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Histone Methyl Transferase ◽

Fat Diets

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Adipose tissue lipolysis in vitro: a predictor of diet-induced obesity in female rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.6.r1248 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 263 (6) ◽

pp. R1248-R1253

Author(s):

T. E. Landerholm ◽

J. S. Stern

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Female Rats ◽

Glycerol Release ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Fat Diets ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Wide ranges in weight and fat gain in response to high-fat diets have been reported in rats. This study measured epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue of normal weight, 3-mo-old, female Sprague-Dawley rats as a metabolic predictor of "efficient gain" before feeding them a high-fat (84% kcal) diet for 11 wk. Subcutaneous (inguinal) adipose tissue (1-1.5 g) was excised, and the glycerol release was measured after incubation with 0, 10(-7), 10(-5), and 10(-3) M epinephrine. Differences in gain efficiency explained much of the variation in lipid (r = 0.78) and weight (r = 0.83) gain. Low glycerol release by 10(-5) and 10(-3) M epinephrine was significantly correlated to high final fat accumulation. Low and high quartiles based on glycerol release were not different in numbers of adipocytes or food intake but were significantly different in gain efficiency (P = 0.011), final weight (P = 0.036), carcass lipid (P = 0.033), and carcass lean mass (P = 0.017). In conclusion, female Sprague-Dawley rats are preferentially predisposed to efficiency of adipose accumulation on a high-fat diet. This tendency is negatively correlated in the preobese state to the lipolytic response to epinephrine of subcutaneous adipose tissue in vitro.

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Adipose Tissue Development and Metabolic Profile of Neonatal and Weanling Sprague-Dawley Rats in Response to a Maternal High Fat Diet Supplemented with Lycopene (P08-050-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-050-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Katelyn Senkus ◽

Shu Hang Kwan ◽

Libo Tan ◽

Kristi Crowe-White

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Adipocyte Differentiation ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Adipose Tissue Development ◽

Fat Diets ◽

Glucose Dynamics

Abstract Objectives Excess adipose tissue (AT) may undergo adipocyte differentiation in response to nutritional stimuli. It is unknown if lycopene may metabolically activate adaptive thermogenesis and disrupt the ensuing dysfunction of an excessive energy burden. The purpose of this study was to assess AT development and metabolic profiles of Sprague-Dawley offspring from mothers fed high fat diets (HFD = 50% fat) supplemented with 1% lycopene during the suckling and post-weaning period. Methods Three Sprague-Dawley rats arrived on their 2nd day of gestation, and after three days of acclimation, mothers were randomized to a 25% normal-fat diet (NFD) or HFD. Upon delivery, one of the HFD mothers was transitioned to a HFD supplemented with 1% lycopene. Four pups/litter were euthanized at postnatal day 14 and 25 (P14 and P25, respectively) with body weight (BW) as well as the mass of visceral white AT (WAT) and brown AT (BAT) recorded. Serum samples from the P25 necropsy were analyzed for glucose, lipids, leptin, adiponectin, and inflammatory biomarkers. At P25, the remaining weanling pups (3 pups/litter) were fed the diets of their respective mothers until euthanizing at postnatal week 5 (P35). Results The HFD was effective in inducing weight gain as evidenced by increases in BW and WAT in the HFD group not receiving lycopene supplementation compared to pups from the NFD litter across all time points. At P14, WAT was 42.5% lower (P = 0.003) in rats reared by mothers consuming lycopene-supplemented HFD compared to the non-supplemented HFD group. At P25, significant decreases in WAT (P = 0.004, 25.6% lower) were also observed concomitantly with significant increases in BAT (P = 0.025, 40% increase) in rats reared by mothers consuming lycopene-supplemented HFD compared to the HFD group not receiving lycopene. Furthermore, at P25, glucose was 24% lower (P = 0.004) in the lycopene-supplemented HFD group. Albeit non-significant, BW and WAT in the lycopene-supplemented HFD group remained lower while BAT remained higher through P35. Conclusions Results suggest that lycopene may influence cardiometabolic outcomes such as accrual of AT mass and, subsequent obesity, as well as blood glucose dynamics. Additional research is warranted to determine diet-induced signaling pathways by which lycopene may influence adipocyte differentiation. Funding Sources NIH; University of Alabama Pilot Grant.

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