scholarly journals Influence of Changes in Blood Pressure on Cerebral Oxygenation: Role of Skin Blood Flow?

Hypertension ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rasmussen ◽  
Carsten Lundby
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation

Haemodynamic role of vasopressin released during Finnish sauna

1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bussien ◽  
R. C. Gaillard ◽  
J. Nussberger ◽  
B. Waeber ◽  
K. G. Hofbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Simultaneous Change

Abstract. The effect of vasopressin released during Finnish sauna on blood pressure, heart rate and skin blood flow was investigated in 12 healthy volunteers. Exposure to the hot air decrease body weight by 0.6 to 1.25 kg (mean = 0.8 kg, P < 0.001). One hour after the end of the sauna sessions, plasma vasopressin was higher (1.7 ± 0.2 pg/ml, P < 0.01 mean ± sem) than before the sauna (1.0 ± 0.1 pg/ml). No simultaneous change in plasma osmolality, plasma renin activity, plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, aldosterone, beta-endorphin and metenkephalin levels was observed. Despite the slight sauna-induced elevation in circulating vasopressin, intravenous injection of the specific vascular vasopressin antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr-(Me)AVP (5 μg/kg) 1 h after the sauna had no effect on blood pressure, heart rate or skin blood flow. These data suggest that vasopressin released into the circulation during a sauna session reaches concentrations which are not high enough to interfere directly with vascular tone.

Synchronous and baroceptor-sensitive oscillations in skin microcirculation: evidence for central autonomic control

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. H1867-H1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Bernardi ◽  
Daniel Hayoz ◽  
René Wenzel ◽  
Claudio Passino ◽  
Alessandro Calciati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Sympathetic Modulation ◽  
Baroreflex Stimulation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations

To determine whether skin blood flow is local or takes part in general regulatory mechanisms, we recorded laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF; left and right index fingers), blood pressure, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), R-R interval, and respiration in 10 healthy volunteers and 3 subjects after sympathectomy. We evaluated 1) the synchronism of LDF fluctuations in two index fingers, 2) the relationship with autonomically mediated fluctuations in other signals, and 3) the LDF ability to respond to arterial baroreflex stimulation (by neck suction at frequencies from 0.02 to 0.20 Hz), using spectral analysis (autoregressive uni- and bivariate, time-variant algorithms). Synchronous LDF fluctuations were observed in the index fingers of healthy subjects but not in sympathectomized patients. LDF fluctuations were coherent with those obtained for blood pressure, MSNA, and R-R interval. LDF fluctuations were leading blood pressure in the low-frequency (LF; 0.1 Hz) band and lagging in the respiratory, high-frequency (HF; ∼0.25 Hz) band, suggesting passive “downstream” transmission only for HF and “upstream” transmission for LF from the microvessels. LDF fluctuations were responsive to sinusoidal neck suction up to 0.1 Hz, indicating response to sympathetic modulation. Skin blood flow thus reflects modifications determined by autonomic activity, detectable by frequency analysis of spontaneous fluctuations.

scholarly journals Cerebral blood flow regulation in end-stage kidney disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (5) ◽  
pp. F782-F791
Author(s):  
Justin D. Sprick ◽  
Joe R. Nocera ◽  
Ihab Hajjar ◽  
W. Charles O’Neill ◽  
James Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
End Stage

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) experience an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive dysfunction. Hemodialysis (HD), a major modality of renal replacement therapy in ESKD, can cause rapid changes in blood pressure, osmolality, and acid-base balance that collectively present a unique stress to the cerebral vasculature. This review presents an update regarding cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation in CKD and ESKD and how the maintenance of cerebral oxygenation may be compromised during HD. Patients with ESKD exhibit decreased cerebral oxygen delivery due to anemia, despite cerebral hyperperfusion at rest. Cerebral oxygenation further declines during HD due to reductions in CBF, and this may induce cerebral ischemia or “stunning.” Intradialytic reductions in CBF are driven by decreases in cerebral perfusion pressure that may be partially opposed by bicarbonate shifts during dialysis. Intradialytic reductions in CBF have been related to several variables that are routinely measured in clinical practice including ultrafiltration rate and blood pressure. However, the role of compensatory cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms during HD remains relatively unexplored. In particular, cerebral autoregulation can oppose reductions in CBF driven by reductions in systemic blood pressure, while cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 may attenuate intradialytic reductions in CBF through promoting cerebral vasodilation. However, whether these mechanisms are effective in ESKD and during HD remain relatively unexplored. Important areas for future work include investigating potential alterations in cerebrovascular regulation in CKD and ESKD and how key regulatory mechanisms are engaged and integrated during HD to modulate intradialytic declines in CBF.

scholarly journals Effect of Tai Chi Combined with Mental Imagery on Cutaneous Microcirculatory Function and Blood Pressure in a Diabetic and Elderly Population

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alsubiheen ◽  
Jerrold Petrofsky ◽  
Wonjong Yu ◽  
Haneul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Microcirculatory Function

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Tai Chi (TC) training combined with mental imagery (MI) on blood pressure and cutaneous microcirculatory function in individuals with diabetes and age-matched healthy subjects. All subjects participated in a one-hour Yang style TC exercise with MI twice per week for 8 weeks. An activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) measurement, a single-leg stance (SLS), a functional reach test (FRT), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and skin blood flow were assessed. All functional outcomes were significantly improved in both groups, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower in both groups after the TC training (p < 0.05), but there was no significant group effect. Skin blood flow decreased in the age-matched elderly group when heat and occlusion were applied (p < 0.05), but no difference was found in the diabetes group. Combining TC with MI showed an improvement in functional outcomes and blood pressure but cutaneous microcirculatory function did not improve. Combining TC intervention with MI theory showed an improvement in functional outcomes and blood pressure, which showed cardiovascular benefits not only in diabetes but in age-matched healthy subjects. However, cutaneous microcirculatory function was increased only in age-matched healthy subjects.

The Role of Nitric Oxide in Skin Blood Flow Increases Due to Vibration in Healthy Adults and Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Maloney-Hinds ◽  
Jerrold S. Petrofsky ◽  
Grenith Zimmerman ◽  
David A. Hessinger
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Adults

Cardiovascular autonomic modulation and activity of carotid baroreceptors at altitude

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano BERNARDI ◽  
Claudio PASSINO ◽  
Giammario SPADACINI ◽  
Alessandro CALCIATI ◽  
Robert ROBERGS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
High Altitude Natives

1.To assess the effects of acute exposure to high altitude on baroreceptor function in man we evaluated the effects of baroreceptor activation on R–R interval and blood pressure control at high altitude. We measured the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components in R–R, non-invasive blood pressure and skin blood flow, and the effect of baroreceptor modulation by 0.1-Hz sinusoidal neck suction. Ten healthy sea-level natives and three high-altitude native, long-term sea-level residents were evaluated at sea level, upon arrival at 4970 ;m and 1 week later. 2.Compared with sea level, acute high altitude decreased R–R and increased blood pressure in all subjects [sea-level natives: R–R from 1002±45 to 775±57 ;ms, systolic blood pressure from 130±3 to 150±8 ;mmHg; high-altitude natives: R–R from 809±116 to 749±47 ;ms, systolic blood pressure from 110±12 to 125±11 ;mmHg (P< 0.05 for all)]. One week later systolic blood pressure was similar to values at sea level in all subjects, whereas R–R remained elevated in sea-level natives. The low-frequency power in R–R and systolic blood pressure increased in sea-level natives [R–R-LF from 47±8 to 65±10% (P< 0.05), systolic blood pressure-LF from 1.7±0.3 to 2.6±0.4 ln-mmHg2 (P< 0.05)], but not in high-altitude natives (R–R-LF from 32±13 to 38±19%, systolic blood pressure-LF from 1.9±0.5 to 1.7±0.8 ln-mmHg2). The R–R-HF decreased in sea-level natives but not in high-altitude natives, and no changes occurred in systolic blood pressure-HF. These changes remained evident 1 week later. Skin blood flow variability and its spectral components decreased markedly at high altitude in sea-level natives but showed no changes in high-altitude natives. Neck suction significantly increased the R–R- and systolic blood pressure-LF in all subjects at both sea level and high altitude. 3.High altitude induces sympathetic activation in sea-level natives which is partially counteracted by active baroreflex. Despite long-term acclimatization at sea level, high-altitude natives also maintain active baroreflex at high altitude but with lower sympathetic activation, indicating a persisting high-altitude adaptation which may be genetic or due to baroreflex activity not completely lost by at least 1 year's sea-level residence.

Reflex control of skin blood flow by skin temperature: role of core temperature

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Johnson ◽  
M. K. Park
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Esophageal Temperature ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Reflex Control ◽  
Different Levels

Two protocols were used to discover whether the reflex response in skin blood flow (SkBF) to rising skin temperature (Tsk) was dependent on the level of internal temperature. Part I. In five subjects, Tsk (controlled with water-perfused suits) was raised to 37 degrees C prior to, between 2 and 5 min, or between 10 and 17 min of exercise. The associated SkBF elevation per degree rise in Tsk averaged 0.20, 1.28, and 1.75 ml/100 ml . min, respectively. When Tsk was raised during the first 5 min of exercise, esophageal temperature (Tes) rose markedly (0.39 degrees C), but transiently fell if Tsk was raised after 10 min of exercise. Part II. In six subjects, different work loads were used to develop different levels of internal temperature. Tsk was elevated to 37 degrees C after 10--15 min at light (50--75 W) or moderate (100--150 W) work loads. At the heavier work load (and higher Tes), the rise in forearm SkBF per degree rise in Tsk averaged 2.33 +/- 0.38 (SE) times that observed at the light work load. These data strongly suggest that the reflex response of SkBF to rising Tsk is dependent on the level of internal temperature.

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