Effects of Salt Stress on Inorganic Ions and Glycine Betaine Contents in Leaves of Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.

The role of soil microbiota in plant stress management, though speculated a lot, is still far from being completely understood. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine synergistic impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium,Bacillus subtilis(BERA 71), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Claroideoglomus etunicatum;Rhizophagus intraradices; andFunneliformis mosseae) to induce acquired systemic resistance in Talh tree (Acacia gerrardiiBenth.) against adverse impact of salt stress. Compared to the control, the BERA 71 treatment significantly enhanced root colonization intensity by AMF, in both presence and absence of salt. We also found positive synergistic interaction betweenB.subtilisand AMFvis-a-visimprovement in the nutritional value in terms of increase in total lipids, phenols, and fiber content. The AMF and BERA 71 inoculated plants showed increased content of osmoprotectants such as glycine, betaine, and proline, though lipid peroxidation was reduced probably as a mechanism of salt tolerance. Furthermore, the application of bioinoculants to Talh tree turned out to be potentially beneficial in ameliorating the deleterious impact of salinity on plant metabolism, probably by modulating the osmoregulatory system (glycine betaine, proline, and phenols) and antioxidant enzymes system (SOD, CAT, POD, GR, APX, DHAR, MDAHR, and GSNOR).

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Effects of salt stress on ion balance and nitrogen metabolism in rice

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/615/2011-pse ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 62-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H. Wang ◽

Z. Wu ◽

Y. Zhou ◽

J. Han ◽

D. Shi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Subsequent Reduction ◽

Ion Balance ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Total Amino Acids ◽

Time Point

The aim of this study was to test the effects of salt stress on nitrogen metabolism and ion balance in rice plants. The contents of inorganic ions, total amino acids, and NO3– in the stressed seedlings were then measured. The expressions of some critical genes involved in nitrogen metabolism were also assayed to test their roles in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism during adaptation of rice to salt stress. The results showed that when seedlings were subjected to salt stress for 4 h, in roots, salt stress strongly stimulated the accumulations of Na+ and Cl–, and reduced K+ content; however, in leaves, only at 5 days these changes were observed. This confirmed that the response of root to salt stress was more sensitive than that of leaf. When seedlings were subjected to salt stress for 4 h, salt stress strongly stimulated the expression of OsGS1;1, OsNADH-GOGAT, OsAS, OsGS1;3, OsGDH1, OsGDH2, OsGDH3 in both leaves and roots of rice, after this time point their expression decreased. Namely, at 5 days most of genes involved in NH4+ assimilation were downregulated by salt stress, which might be the response to NO3– change. Salt stress did not reduce NO3– contents in both roots and leaves at 4 h, whereas at 5 days salt stress mightily decreased the NO3– contents. The deficiencies of NO3– in both roots and leaves can cause a large downregulation of OsNR1 and the subsequent reduction of NH4+ production. This event might immediately induce the downregulations of the genes involved in NH4+ assimilation.

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Morpho-physiological and molecular responses of two Libyan bread wheat cultivars to plant growth regulators under salt stress

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2020.1633 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

Author(s):

El Hadi Hadia ◽

Amor Slama ◽

Leila Romdhane ◽

Hatem Cheikh M’hamed ◽

Ahmed Houssein Abodoma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Wheat Varieties

To study the effects of salt stress and plant growth regulators (kinetin, gibberellic acid, potassium) on growth, yield, glycine betaine content, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (RBC) gene expression of two Libyan bread wheat varieties, a factorial design of greenhouse experiment with three replications was conducted. Results revealed that salt stress significantly reduced plant growth and productivity of both varieties. Moreover, the addition of kinetin + potassium and gibberellic acid + potassium had improved the performance of the morpho-metric parameters of both genotypes under salt stress; but the performance was more effective for kinetin treatment than for gibberellic acid. At the biochemical level, the results showed that salt stress increased glycine betaine contents in both varieties with different proportions. This increase is more elevated in the presence of kinetin + potassium than the treatment with gibberellic acid+ potassium, which showed an almost similar result as in only salt stress. At the molecular level, the effects of salt stress and plant growth regulators on the PEPC and RBC gene expression showed that the increase was significantly higher for kinetin, gibberellic acid, and salt stress when compared to the control.

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Gene Encoding for Ascorbate Peroxidase and Responsive to Salt Stress in Beet (Beta vulgaris)

Plant Molecular Biology Reporter ◽

10.1007/s11105-013-0636-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 162-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kamila Dunajska-Ordak ◽

Monika Skorupa-Kłaput ◽

Katarzyna Kurnik ◽

Andrzej Tretyn ◽

Jarosław Tyburski

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽

Cloning And Expression ◽

Gene Encoding

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Osmoregulation in Azospirillum brasilense: glycine betaine transport enhances growth and nitrogen fixation under salt stress

Journal of General Microbiology ◽

10.1099/00221287-136-8-1455 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 136 (8) ◽

pp. 1455-1461 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

N. Riou ◽

D. Le Rudulier

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense

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Responses of Tolerant and Susceptible Kentucky Bluegrass Germplasm to Salt Stress

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs03755-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. 449-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. Shaun Bushman ◽

Lijun Wang ◽

Xin Dai ◽

Alpana Joshi ◽

Joseph G. Robins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Western North America ◽

Turf Quality ◽

Ionic Stress ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Eventual Death

Much of semiarid western North America is salt affected, and using turfgrasses in salty areas can be challenging. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is relatively susceptible to salt stress, showing reduced growth, osmotic and ionic stress, and eventual death at moderate or high salt concentrations. Considerable variation exists for salt tolerance among kentucky bluegrass germplasm, but gaining consistency among studies and entries has been a challenge. In this study, two novel kentucky bluegrass accessions recently reported as salt tolerant (PI 371768 and PI 440603) and two cultivars commonly used as references (Baron and Midnight) were compared for their turf quality (TQ), stomatal conductance (gS), leaf water potential (ψLEAF), electrolyte leakage (EL), and accumulation of inorganic ions under salt stress. TQ, ψLEAF, and EL were highly correlated with each other while only moderately correlated with gS. The tolerant accessions showed higher ψLEAF and lower EL than the cultivars Midnight and Baron at increasing salt concentrations and over 28 days of treatment. The accumulation of sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) in the leaves was highly correlated and did not vary significantly among the four entries. Genes involved in ion transport across membranes, and in antioxidant activities, were significantly induced on salt stress in the tolerant accessions relative to the susceptible. These data indicate the ability of tolerant accessions to ameliorate oxidative stress and prevent EL, and confirmed the tolerance of germplasm previously reported on while indicating mechanisms by which they tolerate the salt stress.

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