scholarly journals The Influence of Semantic and Syntactic Context Constraints on Lexical Selection and Integration in Spoken-Word Comprehension as Revealed by ERPs

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniëlle van den Brink ◽  
Peter Hagoort
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Critical Word ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Context Constraints ◽  
Syntactic Context

An event-related brain potential experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of semantic and syntactic context constraints on lexical selection and integration in spoken-word comprehension. Subjects were presented with constraining spoken sentences that contained a critical word that was either (a) congruent, (b) semantically and syntactically incongruent, but beginning with the same initial phonemes as the congruent critical word, or (c) semantically and syntactically incongruent, beginning with phonemes that differed from the congruent critical word. Relative to the congruent condition, an N200 effect reflecting difficulty in the lexical selection process was obtained in the semantically and syntactically incongruent condition where word onset differed from that of the congruent critical word. Both incongruent conditions elicited a large N400 followed by a left anterior negativity (LAN) time-locked to the moment of word category violation and a P600 effect. These results would best fit within a cascaded model of spoken-word processing, proclaiming an optimal use of contextual information during spoken-word identification by allowing for semantic and syntactic processing to take place in parallel after bottom-up activation of a set of candidates, and lexical integration to proceed with a limited number of candidates that still match the acoustic input.

Lexical access in spoken word production by bilinguals: evidence from the semantic competitor priming paradigm

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Wei Lee ◽  
John N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Language Bias ◽  
Spoken Word Production ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Cross Language

The competitive nature of the lexical selection process during spoken word production is well established in monolinguals. In this paper we explore the implication of this process for spoken word production in bilinguals. A cross-language semantic competitor priming effect was demonstrated, which shows that cross-language lexical competition is a feature of the word production system of the unbalanced English–French bilinguals who participated in the experiment. Experimental evidence was also found which suggests that a selected language bias effected through inhibition of the unwanted language plays an important role in resolving the cross-language lexical competition during bilingual word production in a selected language. The data further suggest that the dominance of the unwanted language relative to the selected language determines the presence/absence or “strength” of inhibition through which the selected language bias is effected. These findings are also interpreted in terms of a recent language-specific lexical selection account of bilingual lexical access.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Evidence for Early Contextual Influences during Spoken-Word Recognition: N200 Versus N400 Effects

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniëlle van den Brink ◽  
Colin M. Brown ◽  
Peter Hagoort
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Word Onset

An event-related brain potential experiment was carried out to investigate the time course of contextual influences on spoken-word recognition. Subjects were presented with spoken sentences that ended with a word that was either (a) congruent, (b) semantically anomalous, but beginning with the same initial phonemes as the congruent completion, or (c) semantically anomalous beginning with phonemes that differed from the congruent completion. In addition to finding an N400 effect in the two semantically anomalous conditions, we obtained an early negative effect in the semantically anomalous condition where word onset differed from that of the congruent completions. It was concluded that the N200 effect is related to the lexical selection process, where word-form information resulting from an initial phonological analysis and content information derived from the context interact.

scholarly journals Does consonant–vowel skeletal structure play a role early in lexical processing? Evidence from masked priming

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUEL PEREA ◽  
ANA MARCET ◽  
JOANA ACHA
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Source Of Information

ABSTRACTIs the specific consonant–vowel (CV) letter combination of a word a basic source of information for lexical access in the early stages of processing? We designed two masked priming lexical decision experiments to respond to this question by directly examining the role of CV skeletal structure in written-word recognition. To that aim, each target word was preceded by a one-letter different nonword prime that kept the same CV skeletal structure or not. We also included an identity prime as a control. Results showed faster word identification times in the CV congruent condition than in the CV incongruent condition when a consonant was replaced from the target (paesaje–PAISAJE < parsaje–PAISAJE), but not when it was a vowel (alusno–ALUMNO = alueno–ALUMNO). This dissociation poses problems for those accounts based on an early activation of the CV skeletal structure during lexical processing. Instead, this pattern of data favors the view that it is the word's consonant skeleton rather than the CV skeletal structure that is the key element in the early phases of word processing. We discuss the theoretical and methodological implications of these findings.

Facilitation of spoken word processing: Only a rime can prime

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa M. Slowiaczek ◽  
Emily G. Soltano ◽  
James M. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Spoken Word Processing

Influence of Eye Gaze on Spoken Word Processing: An ERP Study With Infants

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Parise ◽  
Andrea Handl ◽  
Letizia Palumbo ◽  
Angela D. Friederici
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Spoken Word Processing

scholarly journals Spoken word recognition with gender-marked context

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Spinelli ◽  
Fanny Meunier ◽  
Alix Seigneuric
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Phonological Priming ◽  
Phonological Information ◽  
Gender Information

In a cross-modal (auditory-visual) fragment priming study in French, we tested the hypothesis that gender information given by a gender-marked article (e.g. unmasculine or unefeminine) is used early in the recognition of the following word to discard gender-incongruent competitors. In four experiments, we compared lexical decision performances on targets primed by phonological information only (e.g. /kRa/-CRAPAUD /kRapo/; /to/-TOAD) or by phonological plus gender information given by a gender-marked article (e.g. unmasculine /kra/-CRAPAUD; a /to/-TOAD). In all experiments, we found a phonological priming effect that was not modulated by the presence of gender context, whether gender-marked articles were congruent (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) or incongruent (Experiment 4) with the target gender. Moreover, phonological facilitation was not modulated by the presence of gender context, whether gender-marked articles allowed exclusion of less frequent competitors (Experiment 1) or more frequent ones (Experiments 2 and 3). We concluded that gender information extracted from a preceding gender-marked determiner is not used early in the process of spoken word recognition and that it may be used in a later selection process.

scholarly journals Efficacy of spoken word comprehension therapy in patients with chronic aphasia: a cross-over randomised controlled trial with structural imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-324256
Author(s):  
Victoria Fleming ◽  
Sonia Brownsett ◽  
Anna Krason ◽  
Maria A Maegli ◽  
Henry Coley-Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Spoken Language Comprehension

ObjectiveThe efficacy of spoken language comprehension therapies for persons with aphasia remains equivocal. We investigated the efficacy of a self-led therapy app, ‘Listen-In’, and examined the relation between brain structure and therapy response.MethodsA cross-over randomised repeated measures trial with five testing time points (12-week intervals), conducted at the university or participants' homes, captured baseline (T1), therapy (T2-T4) and maintenance (T5) effects. Participants with chronic poststroke aphasia and spoken language comprehension impairments completed consecutive Listen-In and standard care blocks (both 12 weeks with order randomised). Repeated measures analyses of variance compared change in spoken language comprehension on two co-primary outcomes over therapy versus standard care. Three structural MRI scans (T2-T4) for each participant (subgroup, n=25) were analysed using cross-sectional and longitudinal voxel-based morphometry.ResultsThirty-five participants completed, on average, 85 hours (IQR=70–100) of Listen-In (therapy first, n=18). The first study-specific co-primary outcome (Auditory Comprehension Test (ACT)) showed large and significant improvements for trained spoken words over therapy versus standard care (11%, Cohen’s d=1.12). Gains were largely maintained at 12 and 24 weeks. There were no therapy effects on the second standardised co-primary outcome (Comprehensive Aphasia Test: Spoken Words and Sentences). Change on ACT trained words was associated with volume of pretherapy right hemisphere white matter and post-therapy grey matter tissue density changes in bilateral temporal lobes.ConclusionsIndividuals with chronic aphasia can improve their spoken word comprehension many years after stroke. Results contribute to hemispheric debates implicating the right hemisphere in therapy-driven language recovery. Listen-In will soon be available on GooglePlay.Trial registration numberNCT02540889.

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