scholarly journals Splitting the South: China and India’s Divergence in International Environmental Negotiations

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah C. Stokes ◽  
Amanda Giang ◽  
Noelle E. Selin
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Environmental Cooperation ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Environmental Negotiations ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
Minamata Convention On Mercury ◽  
Regulatory Politics ◽  
International Environmental Negotiations

International environmental negotiations often involve conflicts between developed and developing countries. However, considering environmental cooperation in a North-South dichotomy obscures important variation within the Global South, particularly as emerging economies become more important politically, economically, and environmentally. This article examines change in the Southern coalition in environmental negotiations, using the recently concluded Minamata Convention on Mercury as its primary case. Focusing on India and China, we argue that three key factors explain divergence in their positions as the negotiations progressed: domestic resources and regulatory politics, development constraints, and domestic scientific and technological capacity. We conclude that the intersection between scientific and technological development and domestic policy is of increasing importance in shaping emerging economies’ engagement in international environmental negotiations. We also discuss how this divergence is affecting international environmental cooperation on other issues, including the ozone and climate negotiations.

Secular stagnation in the modern world

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Drobyshevsky ◽  
P. V. Trunin ◽  
A. V. Bozhechkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the factors of secular stagnation. Key factors of long-term slowdown in economic growth include the slowdown of technological development, aging population, human capital accumulation limits, high public debt, creative destruction process violation etc. The authors analyze key theoretical aspects of long-term stagnation and study the impact of these factors on Japanies economy. The authors conclude that most of the factors have significant influence on the Japanese economy for recent decades, but they cannot explain all dynamics. For Russia, on the contrary, we do not see any grounds for considering the decline in the economy since 2013 as an episode of secular stagnation.

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential Deployment of Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Developing Countries: Technological, Economic and Regulatory Aspects

Biosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Migliozzi ◽  
Thomas Guibentif
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
The Cost

Infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance are major burdens in developing countries, where very specific conditions impede the deployment of established medical infrastructures. Since biosensing devices are nowadays very common in developed countries, particularly in the field of diagnostics, they are at a stage of maturity at which other potential outcomes can be explored, especially on their possibilities for multiplexing and automation to reduce the time-to-results. However, the translation is far from being trivial. In order to understand the factors and barriers that can facilitate or hinder the application of biosensors in resource-limited settings, we analyze the context from several angles. First, the technology of the devices themselves has to be rethought to take into account the specific needs and the available means of these countries. For this, we describe the partition of a biosensor into its functional shells, which define the information flow from the analyte to the end-user, and by following this partition we assess the strengths and weaknesses of biosensing devices in view of their specific technological development and challenging deployment in low-resource environments. Then, we discuss the problem of cost reduction by pointing out transversal factors, such as throughput and cost of mistreatment, that need to be re-considered when analyzing the cost-effectiveness of biosensing devices. Beyond the technical landscape, the compliance with regulations is also a major aspect that is described with its link to the validation of the devices and to the acceptance from the local medical personnel. Finally, to learn from a successful case, we analyze a breakthrough inexpensive biosensor that is showing high potential with respect to many of the described aspects. We conclude by mentioning both some transversal benefits of deploying biosensors in developing countries, and the key factors that can drive such applications.

scholarly journals INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN GRAIN MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Mizanbekova S. ◽  
Tvaronaviciene M. ◽  
Rakhimzhanova G.
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Electronic Trade ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Market Infrastructure

The directions of development of innovative process, one of the key factors of development of agriculture - introduction of tools of digitalization applied in Kazakhstan are considered. It is noted that initially digitalization was actively introduced in animal husbandry due to the fact that the main share of animals was concentrated in a private farmstead, which had significant risks in the organization of veterinary safety, complexity in carrying out complex veterinary measures. The use of information systems AgroStrea, which allows to collect a large amount of data of different variations of technologies, varieties, crops, is presented to determine the best performance. An important task facing the state is the implementation of international requirements and norms of the EAEU to ensure the control of food safety of products delivered to Kazakhstan from third countries and exported from the country to other States. This will allow to realize the domestic export potential of branches and spheres of agriculture, which will change the volume of production, will contribute to a significant increase in the technological development of agriculture in Kazakhstan. The activity of "AgroStream" LLP, which is the developer of the methodology of transformation and implementation of information systems, is considered. It is noted that the use of the new module of IP "AgroStream – "AgroMap" mobile application will allow to organize the effective work of agronomists. Informatization of production, operation, management and services in agriculture with the introduction of digital technologies is aimed at transforming the model of agricultural turnover, stimulating the development of industrial parks and electronic trade in agricultural products.

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