User Behavior and the Importance of Stereo for Depth Perception in Fish Tank Virtual Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirisilp Kongsilp ◽  
Matthew N. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Fish Tank ◽  
Experimental Findings

Since one of the most important aspects of a Fish Tank Virtual Reality (FTVR) system is how well it provides the illusion of depth to users, we present a study that evaluates users' depth perception in FTVR systems using three tasks. The tasks are based on psychological research on human vision and depth judgments common in VR applications. We find that participants do not perform well under motion parallax cues only, when compared with stereo only or a combination of both kinds of cues. Measurements of participants' head movement during each task prove valuable in explaining the experimental findings. We conclude that FTVR users rely on stereopsis for depth perception in FTVR environments more than they do on motion parallax, especially for tasks requiring depth acuity.

scholarly journals Comparison between Lateral Head Movement and To-and-Fro Head Movement on Depth Perception from Motion Parallax

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/ic393 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-393
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ishii ◽  
Masashi Fujita ◽  
Masayuki Sato
Keyword(s):  
Depth Perception ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Lateral Head

Two Stages for Depth Integration of Motion Parallax

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
H Ujike ◽  
S Saida
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Motion Signal ◽  
Motion Threshold ◽  
Sinusoidal Gratings ◽  
Two Stages

Motion parallax has been shown to be a principal cue for depth perception under monocular viewing. The simulated depth of stimuli in previous studies has been constant in both magnitude and direction. In the present study we addressed the question how the visual system detects parallactic depth change. To answer this we investigated the temporal characteristics of parallactic depth change and the effect of a motion signal on them. The stimulus consisted of four bands of 15-cycle sinusoidal gratings and parallactic depth was simulated between each band. In experiment 1, we measured the amount of perceived depth change with different frequencies (0.125 to 10 Hz) of simulated depth change and with different velocities (2.5 to 40 cm s−1) of head movements. The result showed the perceived depth change decreased with frequency of depth change, and it increased with head velocity when the frequency was constant. In experiment 2, we measured the motion threshold with different velocities of head movement. The result showed the threshold was constant across different head velocities. In experiment 3, we measured the amount of perceived depth using apparent motion stimuli with the head moving. The result showed depth decreased with SOA of apparent motion stimuli, but there was no effect of different head velocities. The results of these three experiments indicate that parallactic depth change is determined by the duration of simulated depth, which corresponds to the integration time of motion, as well as by the extent of head movement. We conclude that parallactic depth is integrated in two stages: first, integration of motion and, second, integration of motion parallax.

Motion Parallax Driven by Head Movements: Conditions for Visual Stability, Perceived Depth, and Perceived Concomitant Motion

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5221 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ono ◽  
Hiroyasu Ujike
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Visual Stability ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Motion Threshold ◽  
Perceived Motion

Yoking the movement of the stimulus on the screen to the movement of the head, we examined visual stability and depth perception as a function of head-movement velocity and parallax. In experiment 1, for different head velocities, observers adjusted the parallax to find (a) the depth threshold and (b) the concomitant-motion threshold. Between these thresholds, depth was seen with no perceived motion. In experiment 2, for different head velocities, observers adjusted the parallax to produce the same perceived depth. A slower head movement required a greater parallax to produce the same perceived depth as faster head movements. In experiment 3, observers reported the perceived depth for different parallax magnitudes. Perceived depth covaried with smaller parallax without motion perception, but began to decrease with larger parallax and concomitant motion was seen. Only motion was seen with the larger parallax.

Effects of Time Delay on Depth Perception via Head-Motion Parallax in Virtual Environment Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanfeng Yuan ◽  
W. L. Sachtler ◽  
Nat Durlach ◽  
Barbara Shinn-Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Depth Cues ◽  
Random Dot Patterns

Experiments were conducted to determine how the ability to detect and discriminate head-motion parallax depth cues is degraded by time delays between head movement and image update. The stimuli consisted of random-dot patterns that were programmed to appear as one cycle of a sinusoi dal grating when the subject's head moved. The results show that time delay between head movement and image update has essentially no effect on the ability to discrimi nate between two such gratings with different depth char acteristics when the delay is less than or equal to roughly 265 ms.

Gaming the gamer? – The ethics of exploiting psychological research in video games

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Hartz Søraker
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Game Design ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ethical implications of video game companies employing psychologists and using psychological research in game design. Design/methodology/approach The author first argues that exploiting psychology in video games may be more ethically problematic than familiar application domains like advertising, gambling and political rhetoric. Then an overview of the effects particular types of game design may have on user behavior is provided, taking into account various findings and phenomena from behavioral psychology and behavioral economics. Findings Finally, the author concludes that the corresponding ethical problems cannot – and should not – be addressed by means of regulation or rating systems. The author argues instead that a more promising countermeasure lies in using the same psychological research to educate gamers (children in particular) and thereby increase their capacity for meta-cognition. Originality/value The importance of this lies in the tremendous effect these behavior-modifying technologies may have upon our self-determination, well-being and social relations, as well as corresponding implications for the society.

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