The Role of the Ekphrasis in Plot Development: The Painting of Europa and the Bull in Achilles Tatius' Leucippe and Clitophon

Mnemosyne ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Reeves
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Achilles Tatius ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis article examines the effectiveness of the ekphrasis of Europa and the bull which is placed at the beginning of Achilles Tatius' Leucippe and Clitophon, in order to shed light on its role in the development and progression of the plot in the novel. Although some critics have discussed the ekphrasis' anticipatory effectiveness with regard to the main characters, Leucippe and Clitophon, nevertheless much more can be said about the function of the set-piece description as a tool for foreshadowing events which transpire for the hero and heroine. In addition, this article demonstrates that the ekphrasis depicting Europa and the bull is not limited to prefiguring the actions of the main narrative as previously believed, but seems to act as a template for the plots of all of the mini-episodes that occur in the novel. By way of a table at the end of this article I present the template and the features common to the Europa-ekphrasis and to each of the mini-episodes in order to illuminate further the set-piece description's anticipatory effectiveness.

Domestic Poetics: Hippias' House in Achilles Tatius

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Whitmarsh
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Love Elegy ◽  
Achilles Tatius ◽  
Roman Literature ◽  
Patriarchal Ideology ◽  
A Site ◽  
And Control

Other Greek novels open in poleis, before swiftly shunting their protagonists out of them and into the adventure world. Why does Achilles Tatius' Leucippe and Clitophon open in a house (with no sign of any political apparatus), and stay there for almost one quarter of the novel? This article explores the cultural, psychological, and metaliterary role of the house in Achilles, reading it as a site of conflict between the dominant, patriarchal ideology of the father and the subversive intent of the young lovers. If the house principally embodies the authoritarian will of the father to order and control, it nevertheless provides the lovers with opportunities to re-encode space opportunistically as erotic. The house cannot be reconstructed archaeologically (Clitophon is too flittish a narrator for that), but it is nevertheless clearly divided into different qualitative zones—diningroom, bedrooms, garden—each of which has its own psychosocial and emotional texture, its own challenges, and its own resources. Achilles' modelling of the house may reflect Roman ideas of domestic aristocratic display, and perhaps even the influence of Roman literature (particularly love elegy).

Catalytic properties of the retinal rod outer segment disk ADP-ribosyl cyclase

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA FABIANO ◽  
ISABELLA PANFOLI ◽  
DANIELA CALZIA ◽  
MAURIZIO BRUSCHI ◽  
SILVIA RAVERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Cyclase Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Intracellular Membrane ◽  
Adp Ribosyl Cyclase ◽  
Retinal Rod ◽  
Cyclic Adp Ribose ◽  
Response To Change ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractCyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a second messenger modulating intracellular calcium levels. We have previously described a cADPR-dependent calcium signaling pathway in bovine rod outer segments (ROS), where calcium ions play a pivotal role. ROS ADP-ribosyl cyclase (ADPR-cyclase) was localized in the membrane fraction. In the present work, we examined the properties of the disk ADPR-cyclase through the production of cyclic GDP-ribose from the NAD+ analogue NGD+. The enzyme displayed an estimated Km for NGD+ of 12.5 ± 0.3 μM, a Vmax of 26.50 ± 0.70 pmol cyclic GDP-ribose synthesized/min/mg, and optimal pH of 6.5. The effect of divalent cations (Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ca2+) was also tested. Micromolar Zn2+ and Cu2+ inhibited the disk ADPR-cyclase activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 1.1 and 3.6 μM, respectively). By contrast, Ca2+ ions had no effect. Interestingly, the properties of the intracellular membrane–associated ROS disk ADPR-cyclase are more similar to those of the ADPR-cyclase found in CD38-deficient mouse brain, than to those of CD38 or CD157. The novel intracellular mammalian ADPR-cyclase would elicit Ca2+ release from the disks at various rates in response to change in free Ca2+ concentrations, caused by light versus dark adaptation, in fact there was no difference in disk ADPR-cyclase activity in light or dark conditions. Data suggest that disk ADPR-cyclase may be a potential target of retinal toxicity of Zn2+ and may shed light to the role of Cu2+ and Zn2+ deficiency in retina.

scholarly journals Fact and Fiction: The Contribution of Archives to the Study of Literary Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Mary Wardle
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Great Gatsby ◽  
The Great Gatsby ◽  
Digital Material ◽  
Fascist Regime ◽  
The Many ◽  
Shed Light

This paper examines the role of traditional physical archives within Translation Studies research, investigating the contribution that such resources can add, providing information that otherwise would not be available in existing scholarly volumes, academic journals and digital material. The question is illustrated with the specific case of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925) and its first two translations into Italian, carried out respectively in 1936 by Cesare Giardini and 1950 by Fernanda Pivano. Both translations were published by Mondadori, Italy’s largest publishing company, as part of two different series, I romanzi della palma and the later Medusa collection.Adopting a microhistory approach, the study of these translations, through the resource-rich archives of the Fondazione Arnoldo e Alberto Mondadori in Milan, can shed light on a number of issues that the text alone cannot provide: documentation, including the other books published in the same series, highlights the target audience that Mondadori were seeking to address; the paratextual elements of the books themselves are revealing of the prominence (or otherwise) of American literature in general and Fitzgerald in particular within the Italian literary polysystem at the time of their publication; in the case of the first translation, readers’ reports on the novel indicate how the censors of the Fascist regime might receive the somewhat racy themes contained in the book, while, in the case of the 1950 translation, correspondence between the publisher, literary agents and the translator herself highlight the many issues surrounding the ultimate publication of the volume.

The Silent Side of Polyphony: On the Disappearances of “Silentium!” from the Draft s of Dostoevskii and Bakhtin

Slavic Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 678-701
Author(s):  
Jason Cieply
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Negative Theology ◽  
History Of The Novel ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brothers Karamazov ◽  
Shed Light

In drafts, correspondence, and diaries from the mid-1870s, Fedor Dostoevskii makes repeated allusions to Fedor Tiutchev’s paradoxical articulation of the inefficacy of the word in “Silentium!” but removes them from the printed versions of his texts. The only exception is Brothers Karamazov, where Dmitrii reproduces garbled fragments of the poem under interrogation and in commenting on Ivan’s silence-like speech. I use these “traces” of “Silentium!” to shed light on Dostoevskii’s conscious experimentation with authorial silence in novels conventionally understood in terms of the polyphonic proliferation of speech. Beginning with Mikhail Bakhtin’s own allusion to “Silentium!” in the unpublished Author and Hero in Aesthetic Activity, the theorist came to emphasize the role of silence in polyphony. Drawing on Jacques Derrida’s acknowledgement of the affinity between negative theology and the negative path to affirmation taken in deconstruction, I show how Bakhtin comes to conceive of the history of the novel as the gradual development of apophatic strategies for approximating the unspoken interior world of the other in writing.

Mȳthoi Erōtikoi

Mnemosyne ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1024
Author(s):  
Ashli J.E. Baker
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Achilles Tatius ◽  
Frequent Presence

Abstract This article examines the role of Heracles as a mythical figure and god in Achilles Tatius’ Leucippe and Clitophon in order to show the ways in which his representation shapes a reading of the novel. This analysis argues that Heracles, a frequent presence in L&C, is depicted as an erotic figure over a heroic one and that he, therefore, embodies the interweaving of myth, narrative, and eroticism captured in the phrase mȳthoi erōtikoi and thematized throughout the novel. Furthermore, I suggest that the novel’s emphasis on erotic Heracles not only influences the reader’s understanding of Clitophon, but also contributes to the novel’s disruption of the genre’s expectations around heteroeroticism, monogamy, and marriage as the telos of the plot.

The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soares Severo ◽  
Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽  
Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽  
Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade ◽  
Mayara Monte Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Zinc Transporters ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.

ROLE OF THE NOVEL INTRODUCED PAN-INTESTINAL CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY SYSTEM IN CELIAC DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Foerster ◽  
K Mönkemüller ◽  
PR Galle ◽  
H Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
The Novel

Patterns: Rosamond Lehmann

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vike Martina Plock
Keyword(s):  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
To The Lighthouse ◽  
Fashion Magazines ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Rosamond Lehmann

This chapter analyzes the role of fashion as a discursive force in Rosamond Lehmann’s 1932 coming-of-age novel Invitation to the Waltz. Reading the novel alongside such fashion magazines as Vogue, it demonstrates Lehmann’s awareness that 1920s fashion, in spite of its carefully stylized public image as harbinger of originality, emphasized the importance of following preconceived (dress) patterns in the successful construction of modern feminine types. Invitation to the Waltz, it argues, opposes the production of patterned types and celebrates difference and disobedience in its stead. At the same time, the novel’s formal appearance is nonetheless dependent on the very same tenets it criticizes. On closer scrutiny, it is seen to reveal its resemblance to Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse (1927). A tension between imitation and originality determines sartorial fashion choices. This chapter shows that female authorship in the inter-war period was subjected to the same market forces that controlled and sustained the organization of the fashion industry.

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