Justice in the Sermon on the Mount: An Aristotelian Reading

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Thom
Keyword(s):  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Sermon On The Mount ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe frequent occurrence of the term δıκαıoσυνη ("righteousness, justice") in the Sermon of the Mount (Matt 5-7) (SM) indicates one of the main themes of the text. This impression is strengthened by the fact that the term is found in strategically important locations in the composition of the SM. This article does not, however, focus on the meaning and use of δıκαıoσυνη as such. Instead, I discuss the role justice, an important component of δıκαıoσυνη, plays in the SM. To help us gain perspective on how justice was popularly conceived, a brief survey of one of the most influential ancient analyses of justice, that by Aristotle in bk. 5 of his Nicomachean Ethics, is provided. Against this background, the way the notion of justice operates in selected passages of the SM is investigated. I try to show that the text frequently manipulates and overturns conventional conceptions of justice and that this reinforces the SM's demand for a δıκαıoσυνη exceeding popular expectations.

scholarly journals A Justiça Parcial e a Ganância enquanto virtude e vício do caráter na Ética a Nicômaco: ação interpessoal, emoção e prazer

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-145
Author(s):  
André Luiz Cruz Sousa
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

The aim of this paper is to study a set of three issues related to the understanding of partial justice and partial injustice as character dispositions, namely the distinctive circumstance of action, the emotion involved therein and the pleasure or pain following it. Those points are treated in a relatively obscure way by Aristotle, especially in comparison with their treatment in the expositions of other character virtues in the Nicomachean Ethics. Building on the expression ‘capacity towards the other’ (δύναμις ἐν τῷ πρὸς ἕτερον), the paper highlights the interpersonal nature of the circumstances of just and unjust actions, and points how such nature is directly related to notions such as ‘profit’ (κέρδος) or ‘getting more’(πλεονεκτεῖν) as well as to the unusual conception of excess, defect and intermediacy in Nicomachean Ethics Book V. The interpersonal nature of just and unjust actions works also as the starting-point for the interpretation both of the pleasure briefly mentioned in 1130b4 as characterizing the greedy person and of the emotion involved in acting justly or greedy, which is mentioned in an extremely elliptical way in 1130b1-2: the paper argues, on the one hand, that the pleasure felt in acting justly or unjustly concerns not only the goods that are the object of just or unjust interactions, but also the way such interactions affect the people involved; on the other hand, it argues that the emotion actuated in just or unjust interactions relates to the agent’s concern or lack of concern with the good of those people.

Revisiting the Boy-and-Girl Fallacy at Nicomachean Ethics I 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-294
Author(s):  
Marco Zingano
Keyword(s):  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Logical Validity ◽  
The Way

This paper proposes a new reading of Nicomachean Ethics I 2 1094a18-22 with a view to solving the problem that the argument this passage contains would be invalid because it apparently commits a quantifier shift to reach its conclusion. On the reading advocated in this paper, no fallacy is committed, and the argument is sound provided one reads the conclusion at 1094a21-22 in the way the manuscript Marcianus 213 invites us to do. Grammatical considerations are produced to shore up the logical validity of the argument.

The Doing of Justice and the Priority of Acting from Virtue

Phronesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-401
Author(s):  
Patricio A. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Virtuous Person ◽  
Virtuous Action ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Way

Abstract Aristotle famously distinguishes between merely doing a virtuous action and acting in the way in which a virtuous person would. Against an interpretation prominent in recent scholarship, I argue that ‘acting virtuously,’ in the sense of exercising a virtue actually possessed, is prior to ‘virtuous action,’ understood generically. I propose that the latter notion is best understood as a derivative abstraction from the former, building upon a reading of a neglected distinction between per se and coincidentally just action in Nicomachean Ethics 5, and thus shed light on the meaning and philosophical significance of the priority of acting from virtue.

Virtue and Goals of Actions in Aristotle’s Ethical Treatises

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-218
Author(s):  
Hendrik Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Practical Reason ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Eudemian Ethics ◽  
The Way

The present paper focuses on Aristotle’s claim in the Eudemian Ethics that the virtues of character are ‘states to do with decision’, by which he means that they are somehow responsible for decisions. In the paper’s first two sections, I explicate the way in which he thinks the character-virtues contribute to the correctness of the virtuous person’s decisions. In two subsequent sections, I articulate two philosophical objections to the picture that will have emerged. I defend Aristotle against the first objection. In articulating the second objection, I rely on texts from the Nicomachean Ethics and the De motu animalium that John Cooper’s work on Aristotle’s moral psychology has greatly illuminated. I argue that the second objection cannot be answered in a satisfactory way, and that it identifies a philosophical weakness in the moral psychology of the Eudemian Ethics, namely that it operates with an overly restrictive conception of practical reason.

Found in Translation

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-127
Author(s):  
Susanne Bobzien
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
General Opinion ◽  
The Way

This chapter researches the reception of the crucial sentence in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics 3.5, 1113b7–8 about that which is up to us (eph’hēmin), the philosophical significance of which is the topic of the previous chapter. This sentence has markedly shaped both scholarly and general opinion with regard to Aristotle’s theory of free will. In addition, it has taken on a curious life of its own. Part One of the chapter examines the text itself. Part Two explores its reception from antiquity to the present day, including present-day popular culture, later ancient, Byzantine, Arabic, Latin Medieval, Renaissance, Victorian, and contemporary scholarship, and how it influenced the interpretation of Aristotle’s view on free will. There are some surprises on the way. (The paper also serves as an introduction to the reception of the Nicomachean Ethics from its beginnings to the present.)

Theory and Praxis in Aristotle and Heidegger

1998 ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Being And Time ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
The World ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The discussion of Heidegger's “destructive retrieve” of Aristotle has been intensified in recent years by the publication of Heidegger's courses in the years surrounding his magnum opus. Heidegger's explicit commentary on Aristotle in these courses permits one to read Being and Time with Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Metaphysics. My paper analyzes a network of differences between the two thinkers, focusing on the relationship between theory and praxis. From Aristotle to Heidegger, there is: (1) a shift from the priority of actuality to the priority of possibility. This shift, I argue, is itself the metaphysical ground of: (2) a shift from the priority of theory to the priority of praxis. This shift is seen most clearly in the way in which (3) Heidegger's notion of Theorie is a modification of his poíesis. The temporal ground of the reversal is seen in (4) Heidegger's notion of transcendence towards the world, and not towards an eternal being.

scholarly journals Garden plants and butter knives

Jezikoslovlje ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-530
Author(s):  
Frane Malenica ◽  
Lucija Žinić
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Lexical Priming ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Garden Plants ◽  
Accuracy Rates ◽  
The Way

Compounds are a frequent occurrence in the English language, but the way in which speakers, both native and non-native, process compounds is still a topic of discussion. Two factors have an influence on the recog-nition speed of compounds – lexical priming and relation priming. The former refers to faster recognition if a target and a prime compound share a common lexeme, while the latter refers to the inner relationships be-tween modifiers and heads within a compound. The study conducted by Gagné & Spalding (2004) shows a significant effect of relation priming on recognition of familiar compounds, while De Cat et al. (2015) report that highly proficient non-native participants use similar strategies for processing compounds as native speakers. The aim of this paper is to rep-licate these results by using sense-nonsense tasks with familiar com-pounds and native and highly proficient non-native participants to exam-ine the effects of lexical and relation priming in these two groups. We hypothesize that the native speakers should provide faster reaction times and higher accuracy rates but that both groups would display similar fa-cilitation effects with different types of primes, which the results of the study confirm.

Resistance to infection in scurvy. Hamburger, Goldschmidt (Jahrb. f. Kinderheilk., Bd. 100)

1923 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
E. Lepsky
Keyword(s):  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
The Way

With scurvy, the body's ability to resist infection is reduced, which is expressed, by the way, in children with scurvy, in the frequent occurrence of pinlocystitis, and in animals with experimental scorbutum - conjunctivitis, etc.

Yesus sebagai Role Model bagi Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen: Studi Eksposisi Matius 5-7

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-233
Author(s):  
Lasmaria Lumban Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Teaching Model ◽  
Sermon On The Mount ◽  
Teaching Paradigm ◽  
The Way

Abstract. This paper aimed to analyze the teaching model of Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount, in order to provide a teaching paradigm that originates from Jesus himself. This study was conducted by using Matthew 5-7exposition. The exposition resulted several effective ways in which Jesus taught. It can be concluded that Jesus worthy to be called as the Great Teacher, because it was not only the content of His great teachings but also in the way He taught that showed Him as a perfect teacher.Abstrak. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji model pengajaran Yesus dalam Khotbah di Bukit, dalam rangka memberikan paradigma pengajaran yang bersumber dari Yesus sendiri. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksposisi terhadap Matius 5-7. Dari eksposisi terhadap teks tersebut dihasilkan beberapa cara efektif dalam pengajaran yang dilakukan oleh Yesus. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Yesus disebut sebagai Guru Agung, oleh karena bukan hanya isi ajaran-Nya yang agung tetapi juga dalam cara-Nya mengajar yang menunjukkan Ia sempurna sebagai seorang guru.

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