THE 'WHINNY' OF SPIDER MONKEYS: INDIVIDUAL RECOGNITION BEFORE SITUATIONAL MEANING

AbstractWhen spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) are dispersed and moving through wooded areas in the dry forest of Santa Rosa National Park in Costa Rica, they give loud calls, whinnies, that can be heard over long distances and appear to be answered with the same call from other monkeys. We examined the circumstances in which this vocalization was emitted and the responses elicited from other group members. A total of 105 h of continuous recordings on emission of whinnies, 113 h of individual focal samples and 291 spectrograms were analyzed from a study group with 15 identified subjects. Whinnies emitted in different circumstances caused different reactions. Whinnies provoked by the sight of an observer were never responded to in any particular way, while those given during resting or feeding sometimes caused an active response of approach or calling. Most strikingly, whinnies given during group movement provoked hearers to approach or call significantly more often than either those given while feeding or resting. Playback experiments found one response, 'scan', to differ according to the original circumstances of emission of the broadcast call: monkeys scanned more in the direction of the sound when hearing feeding rather than group movement whinnies.

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Stand Characteristics and Leaf Litter Composition of a Dry Forest Hectare in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica

Biotropica ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7429.1997.tb00034.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 384-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Robyn J. Burnham

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Leaf Litter ◽

National Park ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Santa Rosa National Park ◽

Stand Characteristics

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Socially foraging bats discriminate between group members based on search-phase echolocation calls

Behavioral Ecology ◽

10.1093/beheco/araa056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 1103-1112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jenna E Kohles ◽

Gerald G Carter ◽

Rachel A Page ◽

Dina K N Dechmann

Keyword(s):

Individual Recognition ◽

Social Groups ◽

Social Information ◽

Individual Identity ◽

Foraging Success ◽

Playback Experiments ◽

Echolocation Calls ◽

Individual Discrimination ◽

Group Members ◽

Molossus Molossus

Abstract Animals have evolved diverse strategies to use social information for increasing foraging success and efficiency. Echolocating bats, for example, can eavesdrop on bats foraging nearby because they shift from search-phase calls to feeding buzzes when they detect prey. Feeding buzzes can directly convey information about prey presence, but it is unknown whether search-phase calls also convey social information. Here, we investigated whether search-phase echolocation calls, distinct calls produced by some bat species to scan large open areas for prey, can additionally convey individual identity. We tested this in Molossus molossus, a neotropical insectivorous bat that forages with group members, presumably to find ephemeral insect swarms more efficiently. We caught M. molossus from six different social groups and recorded their search-phase calls during a standardized release procedure, then recaptured and tested 19 marked bats with habituation–dishabituation playback experiments. We showed that they can discriminate between group members based on search-phase calls, and our statistical analysis of call parameters supported the presence of individual signatures in search-phase calls. Individual discrimination is a prerequisite of individual recognition, which may allow M. molossus to maintain contact with group members while foraging without using specialized signals for communication.

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Patch Use and Patch Depletion By the Spider and Howling Monkeys of Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853988x00467 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 105 (1-2) ◽

pp. 99-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Colin Chapman

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

National Park ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Ecological Models ◽

Spider Monkeys ◽

Patch Use ◽

Different Types ◽

Santa Rosa National Park ◽

Patch Depletion ◽

Howling Monkeys

AbstractPatch depletion is an assumption that underlies many behavioural ecological models, yet it has rarely been examined. The evidence presented here suggests that the spider and howling monkeys of Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica use food resources that occur in patches and generally deplete the patches they use. However, some types of patches (e.g. large fruiting trees for spider monkeys, and trees used as sources of leaves for howlers) are not depleted by the feeding activity of primates. An examination of which types of patches are depleted and the manner in which depletion likely occurs, allows an assessment of possible factors underlying the different types of social organizations in these species.

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Abundance of jaguars (Panthera onca), other felids and their potential prey in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica.

UNED Research Journal ◽

10.22458/urj.v7i2.1158 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 305-311

Author(s):

Víctor Montalvo Guadamuz ◽

Carolina Sáenz Bolaños ◽

Shirley Ramírez Carvajal ◽

Eduardo Carrillo Jiménez

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

National Park ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Potential Prey ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Proper Management ◽

Santa Rosa National Park

Santa Rosa National Park, Guanacaste Province, protects one of the largest remnants of dry forest in Mesoamerica. It is considered an example of how to regenerate forest in an area that for many years was used for cattle. A proper management requires knowledge of trends in mammal populations. We chose species that demand high ecologic integrity. the jaguar (Panthera onca ) and other felines, and their potential prey. Using trace count we assessed abundance on seven trails systematically sampled in 2001 and later in 2011. In 2011 we found more traces of jaguars, less of cougars and the same number for ocelots. In the second sampling we found less herbivores and frugivores, and more omnivores. We believe that the trace method is reliable, rapid and cheap.

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Rudimentary Representational Vocal Signalling of Fellow Group Members in Spider Monkeys

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853986x00216 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 96 (1-2) ◽

pp. 49-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nobuo Masataka

Keyword(s):

Spider Monkeys ◽

Playback Experiments ◽

Individual Basis ◽

Group Members ◽

Group Member

AbstractSpider monkeys vocalize trills to each other when they attempt to make contact. These vocalizations have traditionally been considered to be a manifestation of a particular level of arousal in animals. Playback experiments suggest, however, that each group member is able to distinguish trills to which he originally responded from others, and that anticipation of responding animals is possible by voice alone in every animal on a truly individual basis. Results indicate that trills given by spider monkeys may function in a rudimentary representational manner to designate fellow group members.

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Exploring Group Movement Pattern through Cellular Data: A Case Study of Tourists in Hainan

10.20944/preprints201812.0056.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Xinning Zhu ◽

Tianyue Sun ◽

Hao Yuan ◽

Zheng Hu ◽

Jiansong Miao

Keyword(s):

Pattern Mining ◽

Historical Data ◽

Movement Pattern ◽

Phone Call ◽

Specific Group ◽

Group Movement ◽

Trajectory Similarity ◽

Group Members ◽

Call Detail Records

Identifying group movement patterns of crowds and understanding group behaviors is valuable for urban planners, especially when the groups are special such as tourist groups. In this paper, we present a framework to discover tourist groups and investigate the tourist behaviors using mobile phone call detail records (CDRs). Unlike GPS data, CDRs are relatively poor in spatial resolution with low sampling rates, which makes it a big challenge to identify group members from thousands of tourists. Moreover, since touristic trips are not on a regular basis, no historical data of the specific group can be used to reduce the uncertainty of trajectories. To address such challenges, we propose a method called group movement pattern mining based on similarity (GMPMS) to discover tourist groups. To avoid large amounts of trajectory similarity measurements, snapshots of the trajectories are firstly generated to extract candidate groups containing co-occurring tourists. Then, considering that different groups may follow the same itineraries, additional traveling behavioral features are defined to identify the group members. Finally, with Hainan province as an example, we provide a number of interesting insights of travel behaviors of group tours as well as individual tours, which will be helpful for tourism planning and management.

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Integrating Economic Value of Environmental Services and Carbon Stock: A Case Study from Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 940 (1) ◽

pp. 012065

Author(s):

N S Lestari ◽

G K Sari ◽

Kusmayanti ◽

W V Ponekke ◽

F Saputra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Parks ◽

Forest Ecosystem ◽

National Park ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Economic Value ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Environmental Services ◽

Conservation Area ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Market Approach

Abstract As a conservation area, national parks play essential roles in environmental services provision and have the potential to support the REDD+ program. This study aims to estimate appropriate incentives for national parks based on carbon units by integrating the economic value of environmental services and carbon stock provided by the lowland dry forest ecosystem in Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park (BNWNP) consisted of North Sulawesi and Gorontalo areas. Carbon stock was estimated by establishing sample plots, including five carbon pools. While the economic valuation of environmental services includes biodiversity using the market approach, ecotourism using the zonal travel cost method, and water service using simulation water regulation services method and market approach. The total ecosystem carbon stock in BNWNP is estimated at 73.67 Mton. Meanwhile, the estimation of the economic value of environmental services is about IDR 70.57 trillion. Based on these results, the appropriate carbon values are IDR 683,308 and IDR 1,304,238 per ton carbon for the lowland dry forest ecosystem in Gorontalo and North Sulawesi areas. This result indicates that given its essential environmental services, the incentive for protecting national parks may exceed the carbon value used in result-based payment scheme in REDD+ initiatives that have been implemented.

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Diversity, above-ground biomass, and vegetation patterns in a tropical dry forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e03290

Author(s):

Moses N. Sainge ◽

Felix Nchu ◽

A. Townsend Peterson

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Tropical Dry Forest ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Vegetation Patterns ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Ground Biomass

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Effect of Number, Kind and Order of Song Elements On Playback Responses of the Golden-Winged Warbler

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853973x00193 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 46 (1-2) ◽

pp. 114-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Robert W. Ficken ◽

Millicent S. Ficken

Keyword(s):

Information Transfer ◽

Individual Recognition ◽

Species Recognition ◽

Variable Number ◽

Playback Experiments ◽

Vermivora Chrysoptera ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Conflict Situations ◽

Pitch Frequency ◽

Song Frequency

AbstractThe Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) has a simple, stereotyped song consisting of an introductory trill (Z) followed by a variable number of similar lower-pitched trills (B). Individual variation is slight, with overlap in the seven individuals studied in syllables per trill, maximum and minimum frequency (pitch), frequency range, duration and interval. However, differences in frequency and perhaps number of syllables per trill may be sufficient for individual recognition. Species recognition probably depends on the grosser aspects of the same parameters. Playback experiments were conducted with both natural and artificial songs to test the effects of number, kind and ordering of trills. Responses were measured in terms of number of playbacks within 30 feet of the speaker. A rigid ordering is necessary for maximal responsiveness with the Z preceding any B trills. The natural song is "read" from the first Z trill to the last B trill. Responsiveness differed according to the number of B trills. Both the Z and B trills are necessary for maximal responsiveness. The minimum effective song was ZB, a naturally occurring song in conflict situations. The song of this species is particularly rich in possibilities for transmitting motivational information. We suggest that such information transfer occurs through varying the number of B trills, amplitude, rate of singing and major changes in the song (frequency, syllables per trill, interval).

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