Unravelling Racist Ideological Attitudes in Texts for EFL Students’ Consciousness Awareness

The present paper seeks to raise students‘ consciousness about how language can be used to encode ideological meanings. It also aims to enhance their critical thinking about how social structures- notably racist practices- implicitly impact their behavior and attitudes. In that sense, it draws on critical discourse analysis (hereafter, CDA) to disentangle the meanings of a set of texts dealing with racial discrimination in Go for English Tle used to teach upper sixth students English in Benin. The study basically focuses on van Dijk (1993)‘s and Fowler & Kress (1979)‘s analytical methods to disclose the transparent and hidden situated meanings conveyed in/by the texts at stake. The results of the analysis reveal that racism, as a social practice, is not peculiar to any specific group or community; rather, it is expressed through discourse in all continents. It is concluded from the findings that CDA can serve as a potent theoretical and emancipatory tool for the analysis of important sociolinguistic, linguistic, educational, and multiracial issues facing students.

Market Segmentation and Dark Tourism and the (Post) Pandemic Scenario

Dark tourism is a segment of tourism that has been growing in recent decades and is strongly associated with tragedy and mystery. There are several academic researchers who present literature on this specific group of tourist consumers. As a result, 2020 was strongly marked by the pandemic of the new coronavirus (COVID-19). This chapter presents a reflection on the role of dark tourism in the pandemic and post-pandemic period. From an interdisciplinary perspective, this chapter presents contributions to (dark) tourism, marketing, and pandemic management.

Serum Creatinine Reference Limits in Pediatric Population—A Single Center Electronic Health Record-Based Database in Taiwan

Objective: To assess age- and sex-specific serum creatinine levels in a pediatric population using a hospital-based database in Taiwan.Study Design: Data on serum creatinine levels were obtained from the National Taiwan University Hospital-integrated Medical Database (NTUH-iMD). Due to the possibility of having acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease, individuals with multiple serum creatinine measurements were excluded, and outliers in each age- and sex-specific group were also subsequently removed. The remaining creatinine measurements in each group were analyzed, and 95% reference limits were established.Results: Serum creatinine data of individuals aged between 1 month and 18 years from May 2011 to January 2018 were retrieved. After applying the exclusion criteria, 27,911 individuals with a single corresponding serum creatinine measurement were enrolled. Creatinine level reference limits for each age- and sex-specific group were generated. The upper reference limits (URLs), which are particularly useful in clinical practice, followed the natural trend of increasing serum creatinine with age.Conclusion: We generated serum creatinine reference limits from a single hospital-integrated medical database in Taiwan for different age- and sex-specific groups of children. Our results will aid physicians in clinical practice regarding renal function evaluation, especially for patients without a recent baseline serum creatinine level.

LEGAL STATUS OF WORKERS UNDER DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF REPUBLIC OF POLAND ON THE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT 1928

The study was devoted to the regulations contained in one of the first Polish regulations aimed at standardizing the employment of a specific group of employees. On the basis of the conducted analysis, it was possible to indicate the specificity related to the legal status of workers employed on the basis of an employment contract.

Veblen, Marshall and neoclassical economics

Alfred Marshall is often depicted as a pioneer of neoclassical economics almost as if this is a label he embraces and promotes. Yet neoclassical economics is not a category Marshall deploys but a term Thorstein Veblen introduces in characterising Marshall. Veblen coins the term neoclassical to identify an ontological discrepancy in the work of a specific group of his contemporaries, a prominent figure among whom is Marshall. Veblen’s view is that Marshall and other neoclassicals discern features of social reality that suggest a tentative recognition of a causal processual social ontology of the type Veblen associates with modern evolutionary approaches and yet also remain staunchly committed to a taxonomic conception of science underpinned by a quite different set of ontological presuppositions. Veblen’s assessment of Marshall is brief and assertive. In this paper it is argued that the ontological discrepancy interpretation of Marshall, that Veblen first sketched, can convincingly be filled out, has substantial merit and is of importance in developing an adequate appreciation of Marshall.

A comprehensive high cost drugs dataset from the NHS in England - An OpenSAFELY-TPP Short Data Report

Background: At the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no routine comprehensive hospital medicines data from the UK available to researchers. These records can be important for many analyses including the effect of certain medicines on the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. With the approval of NHS England, we set out to obtain data on one specific group of medicines, “high-cost drugs” (HCD) which are typically specialist medicines for the management of long-term conditions, prescribed by hospitals to patients. Additionally, we aimed to make these data available to all approved researchers in OpenSAFELY-TPP. This report is intended to support all studies carried out in OpenSAFELY-TPP, and those elsewhere, working with this dataset or similar data. Methods: Working with the North East Commissioning Support Unit and NHS Digital, we arranged for collation of a single national HCD dataset to help inform responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset was developed from payment submissions from hospitals to commissioners. Results: In the financial year (FY) 2018/19 there were 2.8 million submissions for 1.1 million unique patient IDs recorded in the HCD. The average number of submissions per patient over the year was 2.6. In FY 2019/20 there were 4.0 million submissions for 1.3 million unique patient IDs. The average number of submissions per patient over the year was 3.1. Of the 21 variables in the dataset, three are now available for analysis in OpenSafely-TPP: Financial year and month of drug being dispensed; drug name; and a description of the drug dispensed. Conclusions: We have described the process for sourcing a national HCD dataset, making these data available for COVID-19-related analysis through OpenSAFELY-TPP and provided information on the variables included in the dataset, data coverage and an initial descriptive analysis.

Bewildered and alone: supporting people with cognitive impairment on COVID isolation wards

SUMMARY Managing isolation protocols for distressed, cognitively impaired COVID-19-positive patients presented a range of new challenges to our liaison psychiatry for the elderly service. In this article we present some of the scenarios we have experienced, our own reflections on the needs of this specific group and how this has challenged us in terms of tolerating risk, prescribing off-label, collaborating with distressed colleagues, professional boundaries and being creative in non-pharmacological interventions.

Application of Radiation Technology in Removing Endocrine Micropollutants from Waters and Wastewaters—A Review

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are increasingly being adopted as a post-treatment after conventional wastewater treatment, mainly due to the efficient removal of biodegradable organic micropollutants. Endocrine disruptors are a specific group of such micropollutants. Many scientific studies demonstrate their extremely harmful effects on living organisms, even at low concentrations in water and wastewater. AOPs based on the generation of reactive species using radiation technologies, these being gamma radiation and electron beam, are still not being used to their full potential. This publication presents the application possibilities of using ionizing radiation for the degradation of selected endocrine micropollutants in water and wastewater.

The Importance of Suicide Risk Formulation in Schizophrenia

Suicide is a cause of early mortality in nearly 5% of patients with schizophrenia, and 25–50% of patients with schizophrenia attempt suicide in their lifetime. Evidence points to numerous individual, clinical, social, and psychological risk factors for suicide in patients with schizophrenia. Although recognizing suicidal risk factors in schizophrenia is extremely important in suicidal risk assessment, we have recently witnessed a change in suicide risk management that shifts the focus from suicide risk assessment to suicide risk formulation. Suicide risk formulation is dependent on the data gathered in the suicide risk assessment and assigns a level of suicide risk that is indispensable for the choice of treatment and the management of patients with a high suicidal risk. In this article, we extend the suicide risk formulation model to patients with schizophrenia. Suicide risk formulation results from four different areas that help clinicians collect as much information as possible for the management of suicidal risk. The four distinct judgments comprise risk status (the risk relating to the specific group to which the patient belongs), risk state (the risk for the person compared with his baseline or another reference point in the course of his life), available resources (on whom the person can count during a crisis) and foreseeable events (which can exacerbate the crisis). In schizophrenia, the suicide risk formulation model allows the clinician to evaluate in depth the clinical context of the patient, the patient's own history and patient-specific opportunities for better choosing and applying suicide prevention strategies.

Orbital Habitability: Architectural Design for Extra-Terrestrial Habitation

<p>Companies like SpaceX and Virgin Galactic are privatising the space industry. This privatisation will allow more and more people to inhabit space for more extended periods, with less training than prior astronauts. Space habitation brings with it a vast array of issues, which significantly limit the designs that are possible in orbit. This thesis explores how the challenges of inhabiting outer space can be mitigated through architectural design. The theoretical basis for this exploration is research into habitability. Habitability is how conducive an environment is to living and working. This is crucial to understanding the risks of inhabiting environments in orbit and how these can be challenged through design. The Framework for this exploration’s site and program is asteroid mining. Asteroid mining is an exciting possibility for the next stage of human presence in space. Utilising asteroid resources could greatly aid in establishing orbital infrastructure around the Earth and allowing us to travel even further. As a framework, this defines a tighter scope than looking at space habitation in general and allows this thesis to dive deeper into the finer details of habitability for a specific group of people. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate designed solutions to issues of habitability within the constraints necessary to construct a space station. This thesis considers how a design might be; designed and modelled, deployed in space, constructed, and most fundamentally, how it could mitigate the psychological and physiological issues of long-term space habitation. This is accomplished through a research-led design process centred on self-evaluation through the habitability principles defined in this thesis. This thesis fundamentally collates and builds upon our existing knowledge of space habitation and presents one possibility for the future of space habitation. This is merely one small step for the furthering of human habitability in space.</p>