EPIPELAGIC EUPHAUSIDS (EUPHAUSIACEA) AND SPRING MESOSCALE FEATURES IN THE GULF OF MEXICO

Crustaceana ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  

AbstractThe abundance and distribution of 21 species of euphausids collected in surface waters (0-200 m) at 69 stations of the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Shelf was analyzed. Zooplankton samples were taken during the JS8601 cruise on board the R/V "Justo Sierra" of the UNAM, in April-May, 1986. During this survey mesoscale hydrographic features such as anticyclonic and cyclonic gyres, and upwelling, were detected in the area. The most abundant species was Stylocheiron carinatum (29.86%), followed by Euphausia tenera (19.97%) and S. suhmi (15.18%). Species richness increased at night: densities were 3.07 times higher then. Apparently, the migratory behaviour, of euphausids buffered the expected effect of the mesoscale features in the local euphausid community. The Bray-Curtis Index revealed three clusters of stations. The first one represented the influence of coastal and shelf waters on the euphausid community. The second group is a mixed oceanic-shelf community, and the third one was related to the Gulf oligotrophic oceanic waters. A fourth group included shallow areas in which no euphausids occurred. The relatively poor anticyclonic eddies did not influence the local euphausid community although low euphausid densities were expected. The relatively richer features, the cyclones, showed higher average densities. Euphausid densities related to the influence of upwelling areas showed density values similar to those recorded in the anticyclones. Two species (S. suhmi and S. carinatum) occurred in all the Gulf of Mexico regardless of the mesoscale environments or the time of day. L'abondance et la repartition de 21 especes d'Euphausiaces recoltes dans les eaux de surface (0-200 m) sur 69 stations du Golfe du Mexique et du plateau du Yucatan ont ete analysees. Les echantillons de zooplancton ont ete preleves au cours de la campagne JS8601 a bord du R/V "Justo Sierra" de l'UNAM, en avril-mai 1986. Au cours de cette mission, de variations hydrographiques d'amplitude moyenne comme les phenomenes cycloniques et anticycloniques, ainsi que l'upwelling, ont ete detectees dans la region. Les especes les plus abondantes etaient Stylocheiron carinatum (29,86%) suivie de Euphausia tenera (19,97%) et S. suhmi (15,18%). La richesse specifique augmentait dans les echantillons nocturnes; les densites etaient 3,07 fois plus elevees la nuit. Apparemment le comportement migratoire des Euphausiaces compensait l'effet attendu des particularites hydrographiques dans la communaute locale d'Euphausiaces. L'indice de Bray-Curtis a revele trois groupes de stations. Le premier representait l'influence des eaux cotieres et de la plate-forme continentale sur la communaute des Euphausiaces. Le second groupe etait une communaute mixte oceanique-plate-forme et le troisieme se rapportait aux eaux oceaniques oligotrophes du Golfe. Un quatrieme groupe incluait les zones peu profondes sans Euphausiaces. Les phenomenes anticycloniques relativement faibles n'avaient pas d'influence sur la communaute locale des Euphausiaces, bien que l'on se soit attendu a des densites d'Euphausiaces basses. Les phenomenes relativement plus marques, les cyclones, ont montre des densites moyennes plus elevees. Les densites d'Euphausiaces liees a l'influence des zones d'upwelling ont indique des valeurs similaires a celles relevees pour les anticyclones. Deux especes (S. suhmi and S. carinatum) sont presentes dans tout le Golfe du Mexique independamment des environnements consideres et du moment de la journee.

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouamé Fulgence Koffi ◽  
Aya Brigitte N’Dri ◽  
Jean-Christophe Lata ◽  
Souleymane Konaté ◽  
Tharaniya Srikanthasamy ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study assesses the impact of four fire treatments applied yearly over 3 y, i.e. early fire, mid-season fire, late fire and no fire treatments, on the grass communities of Lamto savanna, Ivory Coast. We describe communities of perennial tussock grasses on three replicated 5 × 5-m or 10 × 5-m plots of each fire treatment. Tussock density did not vary with fire treatment. The relative abundance of grass species, the circumference of grass tussocks and the probability of having a tussock with a central die-back, varied with fire treatment. Mid-season fire had the highest proportion of tussocks with a central die-back while the late fire had the smallest tussocks. Tussock density, circumference, relative abundance and probability of having a central die-back varied with species. Andropogon canaliculatus and Hyparrhenia diplandra were the most abundant of the nine grass species. They had the largest tussocks and the highest proportion of tussock with a central die-back. Loudetia simplex was the third most abundant species but was very rare in no fire plots. The distribution of tussock circumferences was right skewed and dominated by small tussocks. The proportion of the tussocks with a central die-back strongly increased with circumference, which could lead to tussock fragmentation. Taken together, this study suggests that fire regimes impact grass demography and that this impact depends on grass species and tussock size.


2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Aquino-Cruz ◽  
David Uriel Hernández-Becerril ◽  
Martha Signoret-Poillon ◽  
David Alberto Salas-de-León ◽  
María Adela Monreal-Gómez

The abundance and distribution of total autotrophic picophytoplankton (PFP), temperature, salinity, PAR, and chlorophyll a were determined in two presumably contrasting environments: (1) two coastal areas (close to the mouths of three rivers), and (2) one oceanic area (Campeche Canyon), of the southern Gulf of Mexico, during the "dry season" (June-July, 2004). The picoprokaryotes Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were identified by TEM, whereas Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes populations were also recognized by flow cytometry. The highest PFP abundance (1.67×105 cells ml-1) was found in shallow waters (~10 m depth) around the Grijalva-Usumacinta river mouth, followed by that found at a station close to the Coatzacoalcos River (1.19×105 cells ml-1); PFP abundances in the Campeche Canyon were usually lower (maximum 1.53×104 cells ml-1). Greater variability in PFP abundances was found in coastal stations than in oceanic waters, and weak relationships appeared between the patterns of chlorophyll a and PFP abundance. Peaks of PFP were detected in both coastal and more oceanic areas, but in the Campeche Canyon they were located deeper (60 m), relatively closer to the deep maximum of chlorophyll (located at about 75 m). Results suggest that PFP populations include a substantial photosynthetic component in both coastal and oceanic waters of the southern Gulf of Mexico.


2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keul ◽  
John W. Morse ◽  
Rik Wanninkhof ◽  
Dwight K. Gledhill ◽  
Thomas S. Bianchi

Author(s):  
Ian Hewson ◽  
Danielle M. Winget ◽  
Kurt E. Williamson ◽  
Jed A. Fuhrman ◽  
K. Eric Wommack

Viruses are hypothesized to cause enhanced diversity in bacterial communities by regulating the outcome of intertaxon competition. However, concomitant documentation of viral and bacterial assemblage composition in oligotrophic waters are rare, particularly in situ over time, and there is almost no information on the temporal variability in virioplankton assemblage composition in oligotrophic water masses. Assemblage composition of viruses (via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PFGE) and bacteria (via automated rRNA intergenic spacer analysis, ARISA) was compared during surface lagrangian drifter deployments in the oligotrophic Gulf of Mexico during summer 2001, 2002, and 2003. In vertical profile, viruses and bacteria both had maximum abundances in surface waters, which decreased with depth; however, the richness of their assemblages was not significantly different between depths, suggesting independence of biomass and diversity. Viral assemblages changed rapidly (0.17–0.32 Jaccard index d−1), which was similar to the rate of change in bacterial assemblages reported in surface waters. Patterns of viral and bacterial assemblage composition were significantly related (P<0.001, r=0.58 between node ranks), and both assemblages clustered primarily by year and then by depth. These cultivation-independent observations demonstrate relationships between viral and bacterial assemblages, which are dynamic in patches of open ocean water. Even at the relatively low phylogenetic resolution of the ARISA and PFGE methods, the results support the idea that viruses may influence the species composition of host assemblages.


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