THE COMPOSITION OF CYCLOPOID ASSEMBLAGES IN ECOLOGICALLY DIFFERENT GROUNDWATER HABITATS OF A DANUBE RIVERINE WETLAND IN AUSTRIA

Crustaceana ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pospisil
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Strong Surface ◽  
Riverine Wetland

AbstractThe cyclopoid assemblages of three groundwater monitoring sites in the Danube wetlands were investigated from mid 1996 to end 1997. One of these sites, located 200 m from surface waters, represents a stable, oligotrophic habitat (characterized by low temperature fluctuations and low dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-values). Six groundwater cyclopoids permanently inhabit this habitat. At two other sites, located closely to a backwater of the Danube and characterized by strong surface water influences, only four stygobitic cyclopoids occur altogether. These data support modern opinions, which stress that groundwater habitats are more heterogeneous and display higher biodiversity (i. e., higher species richness) of selected crustacean taxocoenoses (in this case, Cyclopoida) than expected earlier. Die Grundwassercyclopiden dreier Untersuchungsstellen in den Donauauen wurden von Juni 1996 bis Dezember 1997 untersucht. Eine dieser Stellen reprasentierte ein stabiles, oligotrophes Habitat (charakterisiert durch geringe Temperaturschwankungen und niedrige ''dissolved organic carbon'' (DOC)-Werte). Dieses Habitat wurde von sechs Grundwassercyclopiden standig besiedelt, im Vergleich zu nur vier Arten an den beiden anderen Stellen zusammen, die durch das nahe Oberflachengewasser stark beeinflusst wurden. Diese Beobachtungen bestatigen die moderne Ansicht, dass im Grundwasser eine grossere Habitatdiversitat sowie eine grossere Biodiversitat (d. h., Artenreichtum) von ausgewahlten Crustaceen-Taxozonosen (in diesem Fall Cyclopoida) zu finden ist als bisher angenommen.

scholarly journals Modelling the effects of climate on long-term patterns of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in the surface waters of a boreal catchment

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Futter ◽  
M. Starr ◽  
M. Forsius ◽  
M. Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Recovery From Acidification ◽  
Carbon Concentrations ◽  
Process Based Models

Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations ([DOC]) in surface waters are increasing in many regions of Europe and North America. These increases are likely driven by a combination of changing climate, recovery from acidification and change in severity of winter storms in coastal areas. INCA-C, a process-based model of climate effects on surface water [DOC], was used to explore the mechanisms by which changing climate controls seasonal to inter-annual patterns of [DOC] in the lake and outflow stream of a small Finnish catchment between 1990 and 2003. Both production in the catchment and mineralization in the lake controlled [DOC] in the lake. Concentrations in the catchment outflow were controlled by rates of DOC production in the surrounding organic soils. The INCA-C simulation results were compared to those obtained using artificial neural networks (ANN). In general, "black box" ANN models provide better fits to observed data but process-based models can identify the mechanism responsible for the observed pattern. A statistically significant increase was observed in both INCA-C modelled and measured annual average [DOC] in the lake. This suggests that some of the observed increase in surface water [DOC] is caused by climate-related processes operating in the lake and catchment. However, a full understanding of surface water [DOC] dynamics can only come from catchment-scale process-based models linking the effects of changing climate and deposition on aquatic and terrestrial environments.

scholarly journals The role of catchment characteristics in determining surface water nitrogen in four upland regions in the UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Helliwell ◽  
M. C. Coull ◽  
J. J. L. Davies ◽  
C. D. Evans ◽  
D. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
N Saturation ◽  
The South ◽  
South Pennines

Abstract. Hydrochemical and catchment data from 80 upland moorland sites in four regions with contrasting climate, soils, geology and geomorphology have been analysed to assess the key catchment attributes that influence enhanced leaching of soluble nitrogen to surface waters. The regions are the South Pennines of northern England, the Snowdonia National Park in north Wales, the Galloway region of south-west Scotland and the Mourne Mountains in Northern Ireland, all highly acidified, with median pH values of <5.5. Linear regression of mean summer and winter concentrations for nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were expressed as functions of catchment attributes. Nitrate concentrations in waters draining catchments dominated by peaty soils (large C pool) were much less than those in catchments dominated by mineral soils (small C pool). Hence, if future N deposition levels are maintained or increase, high-altitude catchments with small carbon pools are potentially more susceptible to NO3− leaching. All N species exhibit seasonality; this is most marked in Galloway and least marked in the South Pennines, which implies that the South Pennines have reached an advanced stage of N saturation. Surface water inorganic N concentrations and the ratio of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to dissolved organic N (DON) can be related to deposition inputs, although relationships differ throughout the year. If the DOC/DON ratio is indicative of catchment N saturation, levels of N retention are at least partially determined by deposition levels. This study identifies N deposition as a major inter-regional control on the degree of catchment N saturation and on N leaching to surface waters; it stresses the importance of catchment factors in modifying the relationship between N deposition and leaching in acid sensitive UK upland catchments.

scholarly journals Modelling the effects of climate on long-term patterns of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in the surface waters of a boreal catchment

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 3175-3207 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Futter ◽  
M. Starr ◽  
M. Forsius ◽  
M. Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Recovery From Acidification ◽  
Carbon Concentrations ◽  
Process Based Models

Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations ([DOC]) in surface waters are increasing in many regions of Europe and North America. These increases are likely driven by a combination of changing climate, recovery from acidification and change in severity of winter storms in coastal areas. INCA-C, a process-based model of climate effects on surface water [DOC], was used to explore the mechanisms by which changing climate controls seasonal to inter-annual patterns of [DOC] in the lake and outflow stream of a small Finnish catchment between 1990 and 2003. Both production in the catchment and mineralization in the lake controlled [DOC] in the lake. Concentrations in the catchment outflow were controlled by rates of DOC production in the surrounding organic soils. The INCA-C simulation results were compared to those obtained using artificial neural networks (ANN). In general, "black box" ANN models provide better fits to observed data but process-based models can identify the mechanism responsible for the observed pattern. A statistically significant increase was observed in both INCA-C modelled and measured annual average [DOC] in the lake. This suggests that some of the observed increase in surface water [DOC] is caused by climate-related processes operating in the lake and catchment. However, a full understanding of surface water [DOC] dynamics can only come from catchment-scale process-based models linking the effects of changing climate and deposition on aquatic and terrestrial environments.

Changes in surface water quality after inundation of acid sulfate soils of different vegetation cover

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Johnston ◽  
P. G. Slavich ◽  
P. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Surface Water Chemistry ◽  
Short Period

Surface soils from an acid sulfate soil (ASS) backswamp were inundated in a temperature controlled environment and surface-water chemistry changes monitored. The soils had contrasting in situ vegetative cover [i.e. 2 grass species, Cynodon dactylon and Pennisetum clandestinum (Poaceae), and litter from Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae)]. The different vegetation types had similar biomass and carbon content; however, there were large differences in the quality and lability of that carbon, which strongly influenced decay/redox processes and the chemical composition of surface waters. The grass species had more labile carbon. Their surface waters displayed rapid sustained O2 depletion and sustained low Eh (~0 mV), high dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and moderate pH (5–6). Their soil acidity was partially neutralised, sulfides were re-formed, and reductive dissolution of Fe(III) led to the generation of stored acidity in the water column as Fe2+(aq). In contrast, M. quinquenervia litter was high in decay-resistant compounds. Its surface waters had lower DOC and low pH (<4) and only underwent a short period of low O2/Eh. Soluble Al caused M. quinquenervia surface waters to have higher titratable acidity and soil pH remained consistently low (~3.8–4.0). Concentrations of Cl– and Al in surface waters were strongly correlated to initial soil contents, whereas the behaviour of Fe and SO42– varied according to pH and redox status. This study demonstrates that changes in vegetation communities in ASS backswamps that substantially alter either (a) the pool of labile vegetative organic carbon or (b) the concentration of acidic solutes in surface soil can have profound implications for the chemical characteristics of backswamp surface waters.

scholarly journals Distribution and bacterial availability of dissolved neutral sugars in the South East Pacific

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sempéré ◽  
M. Tedetti ◽  
C. Panagiotopoulos ◽  
B. Charrière ◽  
F. Van Wambeke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Neutral Sugar ◽  
The South ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Neutral Sugars

Abstract. The distribution and bacterial availability of dissolved neutral sugars were studied in the South East Pacific from October to December 2004 during the BIOSOPE cruise. Four contrasting stations were investigated: Marquesas Islands (MAR), the hyper-oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre (GYR), the eastern part of the Gyre (EGY), and the coastal waters associated to the upwelling area off Chile (UPW). Total (free and combined) dissolved neutral sugar (TDNS) concentrations were in the same order of magnitude at MAR (387±293 nM), GYR (206±107 nM), EGY (269±175 nM), and UPW (231±73 nM), with the highest and lowest concentrations found at MAR (30 m, 890 nM) and EGY (250 m, 58 nM), respectively. Their contribution to dissolved organic carbon (TDNS-C×DOC−1%) was generally low for all sites varying from 0.4% to 6.7% indicating that South East Pacific surface waters were relatively poor in neutral sugars. Free dissolved neutral sugar (FDNS; e.g. sugars analyzed without hydrolysis) concentrations were very low within the detection limit of our method (5–10 nM) accounting for <5% of the TDNS. In general, the predominant sugars within the TDNS pool were glucose, xylose, arabinose, and galactose, while in the FDNS pool only glucose was present. TDNS stock to bacterial production ratios (integrated values from the surface to the deep chlorophyll maximum) were high at GYR with respect to the low primary production, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the highly productive area of UPW. Intermediate situations were observed for MAR and EGY. Bioavailability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exposed to natural solar radiation was also experimentally studied and compared to dark treatments. Our results showed no or little detectable effect of sunlight on DOM bacterial assimilation in surface waters of UPW and GYR, while a significant stimulation was found in MAR and EGY. The overall results clearly suggest that DOM is less labile at GYR compared to UPW, which is consistent with the observed accumulation of dissolved organic carbon and the elevated C/N ratios reported by Raimbault et al. (2008).

scholarly journals Concentration of Total Organic Carbon and Its Fractions in Surface Water in Poland and Germany

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Patrycja Sobczak ◽  
Agata Rosińska
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon

Total organic carbon (TOC) present in surface water consists of different fractions like dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC). BDOC may have an impact on the bacteriological quality of water as it can be a source of carbon and energy for microorganisms. It is important to consider this parameter in case of the distribution of drinking water. The aim of this research was to compare the qualities of chosen surface water in Poland and Germany in terms of concentration of total organic carbon and its fractions. The samples were taken from the reservoir in Poland and Rhine River in Germany. The first one is a source of drinking water for humans. The research showed that, considering the analyzed compounds, the water from the river has better quality.

Trends of dissolved organic carbon in surface water treated by innate coagulants

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavya Kavitha Dwarapuredd ◽  
Vara Saritha ◽  
N. Srinivas ◽  
Manoj Kumar Karnena
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon
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