Rhaptothyreus typicus Hope & Murphy, 1969 (Nematoda: Rhaptothyreidae): an anatomical study of an unusual deep-sea nematode

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Miljutin ◽  
Alexei V. Tchesunov ◽  
Duane W. Hope
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Oral Aperture ◽  
Anterior Circle

Abstract Descriptions are given for the males of Rhaptothyreus typicus, a morphologically unique and incompletely investigated deep-sea nematode, using light microscopy, TEM, and SEM. The cephalic sensilla are arranged in two circles: an anterior circle consisting of six pairs of papilliform sensilla and a posterior circle consisting of four papilliform sensilla. The fovea of the giant, oblong, amphid is covered with cuticle bearing minute perforations. The actual amphidial aperture, revealed only by TEM, is minute and slitlike. The apical oral aperture is reduced to a simple pore and the vestigial pharynx is devoid of an internal lumen and musculature. The mid-gut is a trophosome consisting of a solid mass of irregularly-shaped cells filled with rod-shaped structures that are assumed to be intracellular symbiotic bacteria. There is no evidence of even a vestige of a reproductive system except for the presence of the single spiculum. The phylogenetic relationships of Rhaptothyreus remain unknown.

Whale falls, multiple colonisations of the deep, and the phylogeny of Hesionidae (Annelida)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindi Summers ◽  
Fredrik Pleijel ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
New Members

Phylogenetic relationships within Hesionidae Grube, 1850 are assessed via maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA) data. The analyses are based on 42 hesionid species; six of these being new species that are described here. The new species, all from deep (>200 m depth) benthic environments (including whale falls) in the eastern Pacific, are Gyptis shannonae, sp. nov., Neogyptis julii, sp. nov., Sirsoe sirikos, sp. nov., Vrijenhoekia ketea, sp. nov., Vrijenhoekia falenothiras, sp. nov., and Vrijenhoekia ahabi, sp. nov. The molecular divergence among the new members of Vrijenhoekia is pronounced enough to consider them cryptic species, even though we cannot distinguish among them morphologically. Our results also showed that the subfamily Hesioninae Grube, 1850, as traditionally delineated, was paraphyletic. We thus restrict Hesioninae to include only Hesionini Grube, 1850 and refer the remaining members to Psamathinae Pleijel, 1998. The present study increases the number of hesionid species associated with whale falls from one to six and markedly increases the number of described deep-sea hesionid taxa. There appear to have been multiple colonisations of the deep sea from shallow waters by hesionids, though further sampling is warranted.

scholarly journals Anatomical Study on Domestical Fowl (Gallus domesticus) Reproductive System

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Longo Bull ◽  
Márcia Regina Fernandas Boaro Martins ◽  
Maria Dalva Cesário ◽  
Carlos Roberto Padovani ◽  
Ariel Antonio Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Gallus Domesticus

The escal light gland of the deep-sea anglerfish Haplophryne mollis (Pisces: Ceratioidei) with observations on luminescence control

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Herring ◽  
Ole Munk
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Bacterial Luciferase ◽  
The Right

The escal light gland of three different-sized specimens of the deep-sea anglerfish Haplophryne mollis (family Linophrynidae) has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The light gland has a central cavity, with diverging branched ducts which ramify into numerous tightly-packed radial tubules. In the two largest specimens all glandular lumina contain symbiotic bacteria. Except for a thin-walled part of the typical radiating tubules, the epithelial walls of the light gland are of a uniform structure, consisting of flattened basal cells, situated next to the basal lamina, and tall cells extending to the lumen.In the smallest specimen examined the various parts of the light gland were not fully differentiated and only a very few symbiotic bacteria were present; its glandular epithelium differed from that of the two larger specimens by containing many goblet cells, the secretion of which may be important for the initial establishment of the right strain of symbiotic bacteriaObservations on the luminescence of live specimens have shown that the light emission can be rapidly modulated from within the esca. The in vivo flash kinetics are considerably slower than those of Dolopichthys longicornis, but similar to those of both the caruncle exudate of Ceratias holboelli and in vitro anglerfish bacterial luciferase.

scholarly journals Effects of Hemagglutination Activity in the Serum of a Deep-Sea Vent Endemic Crab, Shinkaia Crosnieri, on Non-Symbiotic and Symbiotic Bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Fujiyoshi ◽  
Hiroaki Tateno ◽  
Tomoo Watsuji ◽  
Hideyuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Daisuke Fukushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Hemagglutination Activity
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