Abundance, diversity, and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in horticultural soils under different management systems in a tomato-producing area in Argentina

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Augusto Salas ◽  
Marcelo D. Barrera ◽  
María F. Achinelly
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Frequency Diversity ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Monitoring the diversity and structure of plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) communities together with developing appropriate control strategies can reduce the occurrence of these pathogens and other plant pests in horticultural crops. In this context a study of the abundance, frequency, diversity and distribution of PPN in horticultural soils under glasshouse conditions from the Green Belt of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, under different management systems was undertaken. Soil samples were collected from three horticultural areas with different tomato crop managements: agroecological crop (AC); organic crop with Brassicaceae soil amendments (OC); intensive conventional crop treated with methyl bromide (MeBr) (IC). The parameters evaluated were: nematode genera richness (G); Shannon-Wiener diversity index () (Hutcheson’s t-test was applied for this index); equitability index (E); abundance; and frequency of genera. ANOSIM and SIMPER statistical analyses were performed to find significant differences between the nematode assemblages from the different sites. A total of 14 genera of PPN were identified among the three crop sites. Members of the feeding habits categories ectoparasites, semi-endoparasites, migratory endoparasites and sedentary endoparasites were observed. Statistical analysis enabled us to characterise each site based on the composition of the nematode assemblages. Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus and Nacobbus were the most frequent and abundant genera. AC and OC showed similar values of richness and diversity; the crop treated with MeBr (IC) showed the lowest diversity of PPN.

scholarly journals Marine Organisms for the Sustainable Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Pasqua Veronico ◽  
Maria Teresa Melillo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulants ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant parasitic nematodes are annually responsible for the loss of 10%–25% of worldwide crop production, most of which is attributable to root-knot nematodes (RKNs) that infest a wide range of agricultural crops throughout the world. Current nematode control tools are not enough to ensure the effective management of these parasites, mainly due to the severe restrictions imposed on the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, it is important to discover new potential nematicidal sources that are suitable for the development of additional safe and effective control strategies. In the last few decades, there has been an explosion of information about the use of seaweeds as plant growth stimulants and potential nematicides. Novel bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine cyanobacteria and sponges in an effort to find their application outside marine ecosystems and in the discovery of new drugs. Their potential as antihelmintics could also be exploited to find applicability against plant parasitic nematodes. The present review focuses on the activity of marine organisms on RKNs and their potential application as safe nematicidal agents.

A comparative study of the movement of some microphagous, plant-parasitic and animal-parasitic nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Wallace ◽  
C. C. Doncaster
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Ciné film and direct observation showed that microphagous, plant and animal nematodes have the same basic wave pattern when moving. Their speed is linearly related to the product of their length and wave frequency during unrestricted movement in deep water. The speed, wave pattern and frequency of the plant nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci and the animal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis changed in a similar way in response to changes in water film thickness on the surface of agar of different concentrations. T. colubriformis like D. dipsaci were most mobile in a sand-water medium at a suction corresponding to the stage when most of the water has drained from the pores. The optimum temperature for activity of T. colubriformis and D. dipsaci was about 20° C. and both survived desiccation at 50% relative humidity and 24° C. for 32 days. T. colubriformis was attracted to and aggregated around grass roots (Phleum pratense). The results suggest that the free-living stages of microphagous, plant parasitic and animal parasitic nematodes move similarly and that nematodes can be divided arbitrarily into three groups: (1) those active enough to swim in deep water; (2) those able to swim in thick water films, escape from the soil and ascend plants above ground level; and (3) those too inactive to swim, the crawlers, which are largely confined to the soil. The habitat of free-living stages of nematodes, irrespective of their host or feeding habits, is probably related to their propulsive power.We thank Dr D. Poynter for supplying the animal parasites used.

scholarly journals ROOT-KNOT AND LESION NEMATODES IN COFFEE SEEDLINGS PRODUCED IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian César Terra ◽  
Júlio Carlos Pereira da Silva ◽  
Vicente Paulo Campos ◽  
Sônia Maria De Lima Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

<p>Understanding the mechanisms of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) dispersion is vital to improve control strategies aiming to restrict dissemination of these plant parasites. In the present work, we evaluated the presence of PPN in Arabic coffee (<em>Coffea arabica</em>) seedlings produced in commercial nurseries in Minas Gerais, state, Brazil. A total of 2830 samples obtained from 318 coffee nurseries, in 84 counties within the South and Zona da Mata regions in Minas Gerais, Brazil and representing more than 62 million coffee seedlings, were analyzed. <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. was identified in 11 samples from four counties. <em>Pratylenchus spp</em>. and <em>Rotylenchulus reniformis</em> were detected in 281 and 47 samples, respectively. According to the Regulatory Instruction N° 35 from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), in Brazil, coffee seedlings infected by <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. are prohibited for commercialization and/or planting. However, such restrictions do not apply to other PPN. Therefore, seedlings sold in Minas Gerais may constitute sources of dissemination for root-lesion nematodes (<em>Pratylenchus</em> spp.) and the reniform nematode (<em>R. reniformis</em>).</p>

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Plant Parasitic Nematodes by Fungi: Efficacy and Control Strategies

2015 ◽  
pp. 219-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar ◽  
Jitendra Panwar ◽  
Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah ◽  
Yasmeen Siddiqui ◽  
Mallappa Kumara Swamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plant Parasitic

scholarly journals The Emerging Nematode Problems in Horticultural Crops and their Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Yadav ◽  
Jaydeep A. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are responsible for significant monetary losses to horticultural crops. They are unseen foes of crops and devitalize plants by causing injury to plant roots or aboveground parts. From last few decades, increased attention has been paid to nematode problems in horticultural crops in open as well as under protected cultivation. PPNs are obligate parasites, mostly have wide host range and are widespread pathogens of horticultural crops. The dimension of damage is density dependent and their management options vary with type of crop, nematode species and other factors. Recent approaches to combat losses caused by nematodes are the use of nematicides, cultural practices and resistant cultivars that may be used singly or in an integrated manner. This book chapter gives an overview of the emerging nematode problems in horticultural crops and their management strategies.

scholarly journals Translational biology of nematode effectors. Or, to put it another way, functional analysis of effectors – what’s the point?

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Mantelin ◽  
Peter Thorpe ◽  
John T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Plant Parasitic

There has been a huge amount of work put into identifying and characterising effectors from plant-parasitic nematodes in recent years. Although this work has provided insights into the mechanisms by which nematodes can infect plants, the potential translational outputs of much of this research are not always clear. This short article will summarise how developments in effector biology have allowed, or will allow, new control strategies to be developed, drawing on examples from nematology and from other pathosystems.

scholarly journals Diversity of Arthropods and Parasitic Nematodes Population in Intercropping Patterns of Robusta Coffee

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Dwi Suci Rahayu ◽  
Soekadar Wiryadiputra
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
The One ◽  
Intercropping Pattern ◽  
Shade Plants

Shade plants affect the microclimates around the plants which directly affect the population of arthropods, especially insects. Therefore, this research was needed to analyze the diversity and role composition of insects in Robusta coffee plantations based on different intensity of shade plants. Samplings of insects and parasitic nematodes were conducted in intercropping patterns of Robusta coffee namely mixed intercropping patterns, coffee-pepper intercropping patterns and coffee-banana intercropping patterns. In each intercropping pattern of Robusta coffee, samplings were conducted as much as ten plants using random sampling. Data analysis was done by calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and evenness index (E). The results showed that diversity index in all Robusta coffee intercropping patterns were < 3, indicating that the diversity of insects in all intercropping patterns was relatively. Insect diversity in coffee-pepper inter- cropping pattern is found higher than the one in either mixed intercropping pattern or coffee-banana intercropping patterns. Out of those intercropping patterns, insects from Formicidae family of Hymenoptera order was found to be the most dominant insects. The composition of insects in all of those three intercropping patterns has been mainly dominated by insects from the family of Formicidae and Hymenoptera order since they are natural enemy insects. Pratylenchus coffeaehas been confirmed as the most dominant nematode species in the three Robusta coffee intercropping pattern. P. coffeae had the highest population average of 3279 in coffee-pepper intercropping pattern.

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