scholarly journals The Emerging Nematode Problems in Horticultural Crops and their Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Yadav ◽  
Jaydeep A. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are responsible for significant monetary losses to horticultural crops. They are unseen foes of crops and devitalize plants by causing injury to plant roots or aboveground parts. From last few decades, increased attention has been paid to nematode problems in horticultural crops in open as well as under protected cultivation. PPNs are obligate parasites, mostly have wide host range and are widespread pathogens of horticultural crops. The dimension of damage is density dependent and their management options vary with type of crop, nematode species and other factors. Recent approaches to combat losses caused by nematodes are the use of nematicides, cultural practices and resistant cultivars that may be used singly or in an integrated manner. This book chapter gives an overview of the emerging nematode problems in horticultural crops and their management strategies.

Let's be inclusive - the time of looking at individual plant parasitic nematodes is over, and new technologies allow for it.

2021 ◽  
pp. 403-407
Author(s):  
Johannes Helder ◽  
Holger Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Parasitism is a popular life style among members of the phylum Nematoda. Around 46% of the 27,000 described nematode species use either a plant or an animal as a primary food source. Molecular phylogenetics has aided in deciphering patterns of evolution and diversification among plant parasitic nematodes. Alignments comprising over 5000 nearly full-length small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences (each approximately 1700 bp) with a fairly good coverage of all extant nematode families allowed to pinpoint patterns with regard to the appearance of plant parasitism. This chapter describes the soil biome, identification of nematode and microbial community in soil, as well as the activity of microbiome. Future plant parasitic nematode management strategies are also mentioned. Exploring and boosting the soil suppressive potential will be a major additional tool in the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals Biological control of plant parasitic nematodes: prospects and challenges for the poor Africa farmer

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.O. Agbenin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Africacontains a larger part of world’s developing countries with their associated problems of food security and healthy environment. Pollution and its grave consequences are among the greatest challenges of the tropics and affect the choice of management strategies in agriculture. Biocontrol as an integral part of management is an attractive option for plant parasitic nematodes that should be pursued besides the cultural practices of crop rotation and organic amendment to include the use of microorganisms isolated, cultured and packaged in the tropics for tropical farmers. Exploring biocontrol in nematode management is yet unattainable for the tropical farmer, not until research and manpower development in this area are encouraged by both governments and donor agencies.

Diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Mokrini ◽  
Salah-Eddine Laasli ◽  
Youssef Karra ◽  
Aicha El Aissami ◽  
Abdelfattah A. Dababat
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Saffron (Crocus sativus) fields in Morocco’s Taliouine and Taznakht regions were surveyed between January and April 2018 to study the diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes and assess the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the nematodes. Fourteen nematode genera were identified in soil and root samples collected from 66 saffron fields. The most common plant-parasitic nematodes in the Taliouine region were Pratylenchus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. In the Taznakht region, the most common nematodes were Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp. and Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematodes, particularly Pratylenchus spp. and Ditylenchus spp., were abundant and frequent throughout the region. Several nematode genera were significantly associated with soil texture and mineral content, indicating that soil properties play an important role in plant-parasitic nematode communities. This description of plant-parasitic nematode assemblages associated with saffron fields in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties provides a starting point from which appropriate nematode management strategies can be implemented.

scholarly journals Five Species of Plant Parasitic Nematodes (Order: Tylenchidae) Affecting Vegetable Crops of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Arvind K. Keshari ◽  
Ranjana Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Parasitic

During a survey for plant parasitic nematodes affecting various vegetable crops grown in three hilly districts surrounding Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, five species of order Tylenchidae are reported for the first time from Nepal.The nematode species are Hoplolaimus indicus, Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi, Helicotylenchus incisus, Microposthonia paraxestis and Hemicriconemoides cocophilus.All the species are illustrated with line diagrams and described with their morphometric data along with localities and host plants.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 10-16

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Turfgrasses in North Carolina and South Carolina, United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 982-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsan Zeng ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
James Kerns ◽  
Lane Tredway ◽  
Samuel Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The near-full-length 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 region were amplified and sequenced from 52 nematode populations belonging to 28 representative species in 13 families recovered from turfgrasses in North Carolina (38 populations) and South Carolina (14 populations). This study also included 13 nematode populations from eight other plant hosts from North Carolina for comparison. Nematodes were molecularly characterized and the phylogenetic relationships were explored based on 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference was performed using five groups of the plant-parasitic nematode populations Tylenchids, Criconematids, Longidorids, Xiphinematids, and Trichodorids. The 65 nematode populations were clustered correspondingly within appropriate positions of 13 families, including Belonolaimidae, Caloosiidae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Hoplolaimidae, Heteroderidae, Longidoridae, Meloidogynidae, Paratylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Telotylenchidae, and Trichodoridae. This study confirms previous morphological-based identification of the plant-parasitic nematode species found in turfgrasses and provides a framework for future studies of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses based upon DNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Thyme Oil to Suppress Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on English Boxwood

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique E. Pérez ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Thyme Oil ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A 2-year experiment was conducted to test suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes on English boxwood using entomopathogenic nematodes and 3.5% thyme oil formulated as Promax. Treatments were Steinernema riobrave formulated as BioVector and S. feltiae formulated as Nemasys, both applied at a rate of 2.5 billion infective juveniles/ha, thyme oil at rate of 9.3 liters/ha, and nontreated control. In the 2001 season, treatment with S. feltiae reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of Tylenchorhynchus sp. 7 days after treatment and Hoplolaimus sp. 30 and 60 days after treatment. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode species at all sampling dates, with the exception of Mesocriconema sp. 30 days after treatment and Tylenchorhynchus sp. and Rotylenchus buxophilus 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode genera at all sampling dates except Tylenchorhynchus sp. and R. buxophilus 60 days after treatment. In the 2002 season, treatment with S. feltiae had no effect on nematode population growth. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of R. buxophilus 7 days after treatment, and all plant-parasitic nematodes 30 and 60 days after treatment except Hoplolaimus sp. 30 days after treatment and Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth at all sampling dates of plant-parasitic nematodes except Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment.

scholarly journals PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH RABBITEYE, SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH AND HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 264D-264
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
Robert Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Two replicated blueberry plantings, one containing one highbush, (Vaccinium corymbosum) two southern highbush and two rabbiteye (V.ashei) cultivars, and another containing one highbush and three rabbiteye cultivars were sampled in October, 1991 and plant parasitic nematodes extracted and counted. Additionally, 15 commercial rabbiteye plantings were sampled. Standard and southern highbush samples had total plant parasitic nematode levels of 228-451 nematodes/250 ml soil compared to 4-14 nematodes/250 ml soil for rabbiteye. No difference in nematode population was found among the standard highbush ('Bluecrop') and southern highbush ('Cooper', 'Gulfcoast') cultivars. Xiphinema americanum was the most common nematode species found, along with very small populations of Paratrichodorus minor. All commercial plantings had lower nematode levels in samples from the blueberry plants as compared to those from the sod middles between the rows. Nematode levels from commercial plantings ranged from 1477/250ml soil from blueberry plants and 11-1546/250 ml soil from the sod middles. Species found at high levels in the sod samples were usually distinctly different from those found associated with the blueberry plants.

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