Teaching Women to Write: Weaponizing Ḥadīth Against Colonialism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Brian Wright
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Education ◽  
British India ◽  
National Education ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Women's Literacy ◽  
Education Projects

Abstract This article traces the use of a ḥadīth prohibiting women’s literacy during the colonial period. Although rejected by most ḥadīth scholars and ignored by jurists, it gained prominence in the second half of the nineteenth century through the works of scholars who weaponized it as a response to colonial education projects. As debates on the religious permissibility of modern education spread, the ḥadīth accompanied them, empowering scholars who attempted to push back against modernizing national education projects. Through an analysis of the debate around this ḥadīth in British India and Egypt, I highlight the importance of the ḥadīth as a pragmatic – and not simply normative – source within Islamic legal discussions as they articulated responses to colonialism.

scholarly journals Educação jesuítica e crianças negras no Brasil colonial

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (196) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarilio Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Marisa Bittar
Keyword(s):  
Black Children ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Christian Worldview ◽  
Educational Enterprise

Realça um aspecto pouco estudado da história da educação brasileira no período colonial: a educação de crianças negras nos colégios jesuíticos. As crianças eram filhas de escravos desafricanizados, que nasciam nas fazendas de propriedade da Companhia de Jesus. A literatura, tradicionalmente, situa a empresa jesuítica relacionada apenas com as crianças brancas, indígenas, mamelucas e mulatas. A base da conversão dos "gentios" ao cristianismo era a catequese, realizada pelo ensino mnemônico. Nesse contexto, as crianças negras sofriam dois tipos de violência: nasciam marcadas pela maldição social da escravidão e estavam submetidas a um processo brutal de aculturação gerada pela visão cristã de mundo. Palavras-chave: educação colonial; colégios jesuíticos; crianças negras. Abstract The purpose of this article is to emphasize an aspect that is not much studied in the Brazilian education, during the colonial period. We are talking about the black children in the Jesuit schools; in other words, the children of the slaves who were forced out of their African roots, children who were born in the farms belonging to the Brotherhood of Jesus. Usually, literature traditionally places the Jesuit educational enterprise only among white, indigenous, mameluke and mulatto children. The basis of conversion of the "gentiles" to Christianity was the catechism done through mnemonic teaching. In such context, the black children suffered two types of violence: they were born tagged by the social curse of slavery and were subject to a brutal process of acculturation brought about by the Christian worldview. Keywords: colonial education; jesuit schools; black children.

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI KURIKULUM PESANTREN DAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
National Education ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
National Education Policy

<p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia:</strong></p><p>Sebagai<strong> </strong>lembaga pendidikan Islam asli Indonesia, pondok pesantren sudah menunjukkan keberhasilan dalam menjaga eksistensi diri. Sejak zaman sebelum merdeka sampai orde reformasi, pesantren semakin diakui keberadaannya dalam perundang-undangan Indonesia, terutama terkait pendidikan. Sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam, pesantren memiliki unsur kyai, santri, pondok, masjid, metode pembalajaran dan kitab kuning. Variasi pondok pesantren menjadi salafiyah dan khalafiyah. Namun keduanya tetap memakai ketiga metode pembelajaran, yaitu sorogan, bandongan dan wetonan. Kurikulum pesantren merupakan alat untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan, sekaligus sebagai pedoman dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan yang mencerminkan pandangan hidup bangsa. Lingkungan kebijakan pendidikan adalah ruang lingkup yang berada pada lingkungan dari sistem pendidikan tersebut, baik terpusat maupun bersifat lokal. Masalah dan agenda kebijakan pendidikan terdiri dari isu-isu yang sedang dibahas serius dalam hubungan domain kebijakan di bidang pendidikan. Sistem dan prosedur perumusan kebijakan pendidikan meliputi fungsi alokasi, fungsi inquiri dan fungsi komunikasi. Kajian metodologi dalam kebijakan pendidikan tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan pembahasan mengenai subtansi pendidikan itu sendiri. Pondok pesantren –meskipun merupakan model pendidikan asli pribumi- namun dalam dinamikanya selalu tidak dapat lepas dari kebijakan pendidikan secara nasional.</p><p> </p><p><strong>English:</strong></p><p>As a native Islamic educational institution in Indonesia, Pesantren has showed its success in preserving its existentialism. From the colonial period to the reformation period, Pesantren is getting more recognition in Indonesian legal system, particularly in the act of national education. As an Islamic educational institution, Pesantren has several element in its body, such as the kyai (the orthodox teacher), santri (the disciples), pondok, (the dorms), mosque, teaching methods, and kitab kuning (the yellow scriptures). The Pesantren has the salafiyah and khalafiyah as the variants. However, both of them implement the same teaching methods such as sorogan, bandongan, and wetonan. The Pesantren curriculum is a way of achieving educational goals and a direction of education with nation philosophies. The educational policy area in the Pesantren education exists both in national and local level. Issues and policy of education consist of actual problems in educational policy domain. The system and procedure of educational policy making involves several functions, such as allocation, inquiry, and communication. Methodological discourse in educational policy cannot be separated from the discourse of education itself. Pesantren –despite as a native educational system- cannot be separated from the dynamics of national education policy.</p>

The Literary Marketplace of British India: 1780–1844

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máire ní Fhlathúin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
British India ◽  
Literary Marketplace ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
At Home

This chapter discusses the material conditions for the emergence of a publishing and print culture in early British India and throughout the first half of the nineteenth century. It explores the demographic and economic factors affecting the development of the publishing industry. It argues that newspapers and literary titles were not simply a conduit for the distribution of the news and culture of ‘home’ across India, but also provided a forum in which the British community in India could write for (and often about) itself, thus enabling the development of a sense of local and colonial identity, related to but also set apart from the identity of the British at ‘home’.

Central Asia: West and East

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN BOARDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
British India ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of

This chapter discusses the interest of the west in the history of Central Asia. It explains that central Asia has been studied by many western scholars and explorers, including British archaeologist Aurel Stein and traveller Sir John de Maundeville. Central Asia figured prominently in the days of political concerns about the safety of British India in the nineteenth century and this generated the interest of scholars. Today, the boom in Central Asian studies is further encouraged by the presence in Britain of those who have worked in this field and the source of many new publications on both prehistoric and historic periods.

Food Provisioning at Betty’s Hope Plantation, 1780s–1850s

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Geneviève Godbout
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Informal Trade

Throughout the colonial period, the occupants of the Betty’s Hope site relied a complex provisioning networks to obtain edible goods, tableware, and other necessities not only from the British Metropole and from local producers in Antigua but also from neighboring islands, including Guadeloupe, and from continental America. In this context, Betty’s Hope residents called upon food production and convivial hospitality were used to negotiate and stabilize their position within Antiguan society, both under slavery and after Emancipation (1834), under the particular constraints of absentee ownership and colonial trade regulations. The chapter combined the analysis of material cultural recovered at Betty’s Hope plantation with a close reading of correspondence relating to provisioning on the estate, to illustrate the enduring presence of informal trade, customary reciprocity, smuggling and illicit transactions on the estate throughout the nineteenth century.

The Rule of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Natsios
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Century Development

How did the British and Egyptian colonial period set the stage for later Sudanese conflicts after independence? The British and Egyptian rule continued and accelerated the discontinuities of nineteenth-century development in Sudan. The disparity between the development of the Nile River Valley and the neglect...

The “Orient” in the “New World”: The Carreira da Índia and the Flows between Asia and Portuguese America

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Jorge Lúzio
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Portuguese Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
Asian People ◽  
Brazilian Ports

The history of Brazil in its colonial period is characterized by the movement of Asian people, goods, and merchandise radiating from Brazilian ports that received ships via the Carreira da Índia, the main sea route integrating the Portuguese Empire both commercially and politically. Asian memory and imagination were present in the urban centres of the Portuguese American colonies in the form of cultural material before the actual presence of Asians, which began to occur through cycles of immigration into Brazilian lands during the nineteenth century. This article traces the circulation of ivory carvings from Asia into Portuguese America as a way of illustrating the presence of Asian material cultures in the New World, as well as the relevance of the Carreira da Índia to these cultural connections.

An Armenian Involvement in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
David W. Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
British India ◽  
Queen Victoria

Abstract:Two Armenian ecclesiastics from Jerusalem, Isaac and Dimothéos, visited Abyssinia in 1867–1869. The latter’s detailed account of their journey was promptly published, grandiloquently dedicated (with formal permission) to Queen Victoria. The journey has nonetheless received little attention from historians, and the reasons it was made have been poorly understood. An intention to seek release of Europeans imprisoned by King Tewodros (Theodore) of Ethiopia was overtaken by events, the captives’ release being achieved by an expedition from British India before the Armenians arrived. Emphasis was consequently placed on involvement with local politics and ecclesiastical intrigue, both of which are discussed in this paper.

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