scholarly journals Educação jesuítica e crianças negras no Brasil colonial

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (196) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarilio Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Marisa Bittar
Keyword(s):  
Black Children ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Christian Worldview ◽  
Educational Enterprise

Realça um aspecto pouco estudado da história da educação brasileira no período colonial: a educação de crianças negras nos colégios jesuíticos. As crianças eram filhas de escravos desafricanizados, que nasciam nas fazendas de propriedade da Companhia de Jesus. A literatura, tradicionalmente, situa a empresa jesuítica relacionada apenas com as crianças brancas, indígenas, mamelucas e mulatas. A base da conversão dos "gentios" ao cristianismo era a catequese, realizada pelo ensino mnemônico. Nesse contexto, as crianças negras sofriam dois tipos de violência: nasciam marcadas pela maldição social da escravidão e estavam submetidas a um processo brutal de aculturação gerada pela visão cristã de mundo. Palavras-chave: educação colonial; colégios jesuíticos; crianças negras. Abstract The purpose of this article is to emphasize an aspect that is not much studied in the Brazilian education, during the colonial period. We are talking about the black children in the Jesuit schools; in other words, the children of the slaves who were forced out of their African roots, children who were born in the farms belonging to the Brotherhood of Jesus. Usually, literature traditionally places the Jesuit educational enterprise only among white, indigenous, mameluke and mulatto children. The basis of conversion of the "gentiles" to Christianity was the catechism done through mnemonic teaching. In such context, the black children suffered two types of violence: they were born tagged by the social curse of slavery and were subject to a brutal process of acculturation brought about by the Christian worldview. Keywords: colonial education; jesuit schools; black children.

The Effect of the Political Situation in the City of Jerusalem on the Rights of the Jerusalem Women

1970 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Fadwa Al-Labadi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Legislative Processes

The concept of citizenship was introduced to the Arab and Islamic region duringthe colonial period. The law of citizenship, like all other laws and regulations inthe Middle East, was influenced by the colonial legacy that impacted the tribal and paternalistic systems in all aspects of life. In addition to the colonial legacy, most constitutions in the Middle East draw on the Islamic shari’a (law) as a major source of legislation, which in turn enhances the paternalistic system in the social sector in all its dimensions, as manifested in many individual laws and the legislative processes with respect to family status issues. Family is considered the nucleus of society in most Middle Eastern countries, and this is specifically reflected in the personal status codes. In the name of this legal principle, women’s submission is being entrenched, along with censorship over her body, control of her reproductive role, sexual life, and fertility.

scholarly journals PEMBINGKAIAN BUDAYA JAWA DAN BELANDA DI DALAM NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denasya Nasution ◽  
Said Fadhlain ◽  
Reni Juliani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Different Cultures

The novel Bumi Manusia is a controversial novel that contains Indigenous life in the Dutch colonial period. Pram depicts the cultural differences between Indigenous and Dutch with a very contrast in all aspects in more detail and depth. The purpose of this research is to expose the cultural differences which are framed in the novel Bumi Manusia. This research is also intended to expose the differences between Javanese and Dutch cultures which not only distinguish culture based on appearance and language. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with secondary data which are obtained from the library research, in the form of literature which are related to this research. The results of this study are: 1) Culture can affect one's personality and mindset. 2) The author describes broader cultural differences and is able to criticize the social gap or strata which are formed from the different cultures at the same time. Keywords :Framing Analysis, Media Studies, Bumi Manusia

scholarly journals Notes on the Study of Political Parties in the Third World

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 659-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Crotty
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Theoretical Conception ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Historical Accounts

The research on political parties in developing nations is difficult to aggregate and to place in a comparative context. The reasons are many. The body of work is at best modest in size as well as uneven in focus, theoretical conception and empirical execution. Often comparative or more generalizable indicators and conclusions must be extracted from studies intended to clarify social developments over broad periods of time or, alternatively, within carefully set historical boundaries (the colonial; the transition from the colonial period to independence; post-independence developments; political conditions under specific national leaders, as examples). The efforts are broad stroke, primarily descriptive and usually interwoven with historical accounts and explanations of the social, economic and cultural factors that condition the life of a country. The range appears to run from megatheories-or, more accurately, broadly generalized interpretative sets of categorizations and conclusions applied to a region or a collection of countries (the research itself is seldom theoretically focused), supported by interpretative essays and expert, professionalized observation and background knowledge-to case studies of differing degrees of elaborateness. There is little in between.

Indios, Sambos, Mestizos, and the Social Construction of Racial Identity in Colonial Central America

Ethnohistory ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-290
Author(s):  
Samantha R. Billing
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Racial Origin ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
African Slaves ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Racially Mixed

Abstract The Miskitu, a group indigenous to the Caribbean Coast of Central America, have long been recognized for their racial diversity. In the mid-seventeenth century, a ship of African slaves wrecked on the Mosquito Coast and subsequently intermarried with the Miskitu population. Since then, there have been two groups of Miskitu: the “pure” indios and the racially mixed sambos. This article argues against this neat divide. Race during the colonial period was not fixed and could be influenced by a number of factors that included not only one’s ancestry but also their behavior. When Spanish writers assigned a racial category to the Miskitu, the context of the encounter often shaped perceived racial origin. When Miskitu-Spanish relations were hostile, Spaniards more often chose the racial label sambo. During times of peace, indio was more common, and mestizo was sometimes used to refer to Miskitu rulers. By focusing on the complexity and malleability of colonial racial rhetoric, this article argues that Spanish officials strategically selected racial labels for the Miskitu depending on the colonial policy they were trying to promote.

The Political Ecology of Colonial Somaliland

Africa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jama Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Ecological Degradation ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
Real Price ◽  
The Social ◽  
Imperial Politics ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe social basis of ecological change in Somaliland during the colonial period was politics, especially imperial politics: the division of the Somali country into various colonial spheres, the loss of territory under the 1897 Anglo‐Ethiopian Treaty, and the pacification wars. These events, as it were, reduced the land available for use by the pastoralists, which led to overgrazing, soil erosion and ecological degradation. Moreover, the income of the population declined throughout the colonial period. Even though during the late colonial period the ‘nominal’ price of pastoral goods increased, the ‘real’ price of pastoral commodities did not increase to cover the loss of income caused by inflation and the high cost of imported goods. These two processes—on the one hand ecological degradation and on the other the decline of income—could be understood if they were read contrapuntally. Such reading is possible only if we give full attention to political ecology: why ecology had changed, the politics of that change, and the impact it had on the income and everyday life of the population.

Beginnings: The Social and Affective Development of Black Children.

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Diane Scott-Jones ◽  
Margaret B. Spencer ◽  
Geraldine K. Brookins ◽  
Walter R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Black Children ◽  
Affective Development ◽  
The Social

Społeczeństwo obywatelskie w Nowej Zelandii według: International Comparative non-profit research programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Konrad Ćwikliński
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Institutional Order

Basic information about history of shaping civil society institution in New Zealand based on International Comparative non-profit research programme, Center for Civil Society Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. New Zealand during the colonial period was formed by regulating the social, legal and political from the British legislation,and signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, which gave basis for shaping the social and institutional order.

O Indígena no Imaginário das Acadêmicas do Curso de Pedagogia: uma Discussão Contemporânea

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Gildete Elias Dutra ◽  
Marli Teresinha Quartieri ◽  
Rogério José Schuck ◽  
Suzana Feldens Schwertner
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Academic Experience ◽  
School Of Education ◽  
Indigenous History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Contribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The City

O presente trabalho parte de vivência acadêmica envolvendo o 7º Período do Curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Educação Santa Terezinha do município de Imperatriz/MA na disciplina de História e Cultura Indígena Brasileira, tendo como objetivo refletir sobre a imagem do indígena na visão das acadêmicas do Curso de Pedagogia. Apresenta se um breve panorama do tratamento dado ao indígena quanto à construção de sua imagem. Utilizou-se como procedimento metodológico uma questão norteadora, através da qual, as acadêmicas relatam a visão que têm dos indígenas antes e depois da disciplina. A partir da análise dos relatos, considera-se que a primeira concepção representa a maneira pela qual foi tratada a história indígena desde o período colonial, o qual gerou um círculo de estigmatização da imagem do indígena no cenário nacional, fortemente presente nos dias atuais. Consequentemente, houve o apagamento da contribuição social dos povos indígenas, seja na formação do povo brasileiro e/ou em outras de ordem sociais e econômicas. A segunda, porém, atribuem-se às reflexões feitas pelos autores sob a mediação da professora na disciplina, que embora em um curto espaço de tempo, as acadêmicas puderam perceber que há necessidade em apurar os olhares em relação aos povos indígenas, sendo a Academia, na contemporaneidade, um dos espaços para que estes sejam ampliados. Contudo, considera-se, ainda, um desafio da educação contemporânea.Palavras-chave: Imagem do Indígena. Imaginário das Acadêmicas. Equívocos e Visões. Contemporaneidade.AbstractThe present work is based on an academic experience involving the 7th Period of the Pedagogy Course of Santa Terezinha School of Education of the city of Imperatriz / MA in the discipline of Brazilian Indigenous History and Culture, aiming to reflect on the indigenous image in the view of the academics of the Course of Pedagogy. It presents a brief overview of the treatment given to indigenous people in the construction of their image. A guiding question was used as methodological procedure, through which, the academics report the vision that they have of the natives before and after the discipline. From the analysis of the reports, it is considered that the first conception represents the way in which indigenous history has been treated since the colonial period, which generated a circle of stigmatization of the indigenous image in the national scene, strongly present currently. Consequently, the social contribution of indigenous peoples was erased, either in the formation of the Brazilian people and / or in other social and economic ones. The second, however, is attributed to the reflections carried out by the authors under the mediation of the teacher in the discipline, who although in a short time, the academics could perceive that there is a need to clarify the views regarding the indigenous peoples, in contemporary times, one of the spaces for them to be expanded. However, it is still considered a challenge of contemporary education.Keywords: The Indigenous Image. Imaginary of Academics. Misunderstandings and Visions. Contemporaneity.

scholarly journals AKAR-AKAR TRADISI POLITIK SUNNI DI INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The Sunni doctrine plays an important role in the government. Its accommodative characteristic is something important that makes Sunni doctrine to be a device of the legitimation of the authority. The Muslim thinkers of classical Sunni such as al-Mawardi (975-1058 M), al-Ghazali (1058-1111 M) and lbn Taimiyah(1263-1329 M) have a great role in formulating the political doctrine of Sunni. In spite of the different nuance, all of these three classical Sunni thinkers develop the moderate political doctrine of Sunni. On the one hand, it is, of course, significant in situating the harmonious relation between the ruler and community. Therefore, the social and political stabilities will be well-maintained On the other hand, such a thought for a certain extent evokes stagnancy. Because there is no radical thought which is critical and opposite against the authority, the Sunni idea is frequently made use for the instantaneous interests of power. On evenlttally, the mutual interrelationship between the Sunni ulama and the ruler often happens. While ulama feel obtaining the patronage from the authority, the ruler gains religious justification from ulama. In this context, Indonesia as the country with the majority of Sunni Muslims, as a matter of fact, applies the political doctrine of Sunni. It is because Sunni has had a long and establishei root since. the period of Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago, before Dutch-Colonial period. The archipelago ulama also formulated the harmonious relation between Islam and authority as formulated by the ulama of classical Sunni. The polotical tradition of Sunni was becoming stronger in line with the great influence of ulama in the archipelago kingdoms. This article tries to elaborate the relation between the Sunni ulama with the power of the kings in the archipelago and the patronage of the archipelago rulers toward them.

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