Letting Yourself Be Skinned Alive: Jerónimo Gracián and the Globalization of Martyrdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-223
Author(s):  
Alejandro Cañeque
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Teresa Of Avila ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Globalized World

Abstract This article explores the close connection that existed between an increasingly globalized world and the revived ideal of martyrdom that characterized early modern Europe. This ideal energized Catholic societies, the Spanish Empire above all, in their impulse to convert the entire world to Christianity, in that way decisively expanding the geographical horizons of many of its inhabitants. The article focuses on the Spanish Discalced Carmelite Jerónimo Gracián, a close friend and ally of Teresa of Ávila. Despite being hardly known nowadays, he can be considered a prototypical figure of the period, because of the forceful and compelling ways in which he expressed the intersection of martyrdom and world evangelization.

scholarly journals A CASA COMO MODELO ORGANIZACIONAL DAS NOBREZAS DE SÃO MIGUEL (AÇORES) NO SÉCULO XVIII

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Damião Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Property Transfer ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The Way

Na Europa Moderna, o modelo central de organização dos grupos domésticos era o da casa. No arquipélago dos Açores, cujo povoamento se iniciou a partir de 1439, a casa era também a estrutura organizadora do universo nobiliárquico local, em estreita relação com o sistema vincular. A vinculação, associada às práticas endogâmicas e consanguíneas e ao sistema de transmissão de bens por via das alianças matrimoniais, constituiu um poderoso instrumento de reprodução social das nobrezas insulares. Neste artigo, são apresentados alguns dados relativos ao modo como as nobrezas locais da ilha de São Miguel utilizaram o morgadio como instrumento de reprodução social no século XVIII e aos problemas de gestão da casa nobre. Abstract In Early Modern Europe, the central model of the organization of domestic groups was the household. In the archipelago of the Azores, where settlement began in 1439, household was also the reference for the organization of local nobilities, in close connection with the system of entail. The entail, in association with endogamy and consanguineous marriages and the system of property transfer by means of matrimonial alliances, was a powerful tool converted by the Azorean gentry into a means of social reproduction. In this paper, we present some data concerning the way the gentry of the island of São Miguel used the entail with that purpose in the 18th century and also the management of the noble household.

Silver, Trade, and War: Spain and America in the Making of Early Modern Europe. By Stanley J. Stein and Barbara H. Stein. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pp. xxii, 351. $51.50.

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1118
Author(s):  
David Ringrose
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Ultimate Failure ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Silver Trade

Proving again their mastery of both detail and synthesis, Barbara and Stanley Stein have done a masterful job of compression, packing into one mid-size book material that could easily have filled two. Silver, Trade, and War is more than a discussion of the role of silver in the evolution of the Spanish Empire: it addresses the role of Spain and America in the making of Early Modern Europe. The first half of the book outlines the emergence and consolidation of the system of political authority and silver flows that linked America, Spain, and the rest of Europe by 1700. The second half explores the efforts (and ultimate failure) of early and mid-eighteenth-century Spanish economist–bureaucrats to purge Spain of the its entrenched patterns of immobility, dependency, and self-interest.

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