scholarly journals A CASA COMO MODELO ORGANIZACIONAL DAS NOBREZAS DE SÃO MIGUEL (AÇORES) NO SÉCULO XVIII

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Damião Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Property Transfer ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The Way

Na Europa Moderna, o modelo central de organização dos grupos domésticos era o da casa. No arquipélago dos Açores, cujo povoamento se iniciou a partir de 1439, a casa era também a estrutura organizadora do universo nobiliárquico local, em estreita relação com o sistema vincular. A vinculação, associada às práticas endogâmicas e consanguíneas e ao sistema de transmissão de bens por via das alianças matrimoniais, constituiu um poderoso instrumento de reprodução social das nobrezas insulares. Neste artigo, são apresentados alguns dados relativos ao modo como as nobrezas locais da ilha de São Miguel utilizaram o morgadio como instrumento de reprodução social no século XVIII e aos problemas de gestão da casa nobre. Abstract In Early Modern Europe, the central model of the organization of domestic groups was the household. In the archipelago of the Azores, where settlement began in 1439, household was also the reference for the organization of local nobilities, in close connection with the system of entail. The entail, in association with endogamy and consanguineous marriages and the system of property transfer by means of matrimonial alliances, was a powerful tool converted by the Azorean gentry into a means of social reproduction. In this paper, we present some data concerning the way the gentry of the island of São Miguel used the entail with that purpose in the 18th century and also the management of the noble household.

scholarly journals Humans as Animals and Things in Pre-Buddhist China

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Michael Nylan
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Early China ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
East And West ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The Way

This paper examines the way thinkers in the pre-Buddhist world in China viewed the animal-human divide. It argues that the boundaries between humans and animals were porous. The only unique capacities that human beings are credited with were first (widely) the ability to develop their unique potentials (chengren 成人), and, second (in a very few texts), the capacity to respond with greater sensitivity to the resonant world around them. In both contexts, the extant terms make use of two terms, ling 靈 and jingshen 精神. Part II of the essay then turns to examine the most influential Euro-American theories cited in today’s secondary literature regarding the animal-human divide. None of these seem remotely like the theories articulated in early China. In Part III, the essay examines vitalism, which is an unusual instance in early modern Europe where an important theory seems to approach the views of early China, with the express aim of reminding readers that we need not automatically posit an impassable gulf between East and West, but can, instead, profit from wider reading that yields more comparative insights.

“NOTHING IS THE WAY IT SHOULD BE”: GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE TIME REGIME IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEBASTIAN CONRAD
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
New Technology ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Time Regime ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The Way

When European clocks first arrived in seventeenth-century Japan they generated a commotion. The highly complex but also very precise instruments had been brought to Nagasaki by the Dutch East India Company that monopolized the sparse and highly regulated trade between Japan and Europe for more than two centuries. As an expression of the technological sophistication achieved in early modern Europe, mechanical clocks were hi-tech products of their time. They operated with a spring to store the energy, and their making required highly developed skills in casting and metalwork. The new technology made it possible to emancipate the measurement of time from sunshine and to achieve an evenness of temporal rhythms, not only during the day, but also at night.

Jokes of Nature and Jokes of Knowledge: The Playfulness of Scientific Discourse in Early Modern Europe*

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Findlen
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The Way

During The Sixteenth And Seventeenth centuries natural history, and to a certain extent science in general, rediscovered its capacity for playfulness in the form of the scientific joke. By scientific joke, I mean thelusus naturae, or joke of nature, and the lusus scientiae, or joke of knowledge, that populated the museums and scientific texts of the period. The relation between the natural paradox of lusus and the scientific demonstrations and experiments that were also lusus points to the way in which the dynamic between art and nature and between collector and audience unfolded in the spectacle of science.

scholarly journals The Hermeneutics of Transmission: Deciphering Discourses on Poetry and the Arts in Early Modern Europe (1500-1800)

2011 ◽  
pp. 37-60
Author(s):  
Déborah Blocker
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Political History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The Way

This article discusses how the constitution, circulation and institutionalization of discourses on poetry and the arts in early modern Europe could best be accounted for from a historical point of view. Pointing to various inconsistencies in the way historians of ideas have traditionally explained the rise of aesthetic discourses, the article examines the usefulness of the tools crafted by historians of the book for the development of such a project. Through an example, the drawbacks of interpretations based solely on serial bibliographies are also addressed, as the author argues for the importance of case studies, grounded in social, cultural and political history, through which various types of aesthetic practices may be made to appear. She also suggests that, to bypass the theoretical and practical deadlocks of traditional Begriffsgeschichte as far as the study of aesthetic practices is concerned, intellectual traditions and the actions that make them possible — that is “actions of transmission” — are to be promoted to the status of primary hermeneutic tools.

Letting Yourself Be Skinned Alive: Jerónimo Gracián and the Globalization of Martyrdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-223
Author(s):  
Alejandro Cañeque
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Teresa Of Avila ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Globalized World

Abstract This article explores the close connection that existed between an increasingly globalized world and the revived ideal of martyrdom that characterized early modern Europe. This ideal energized Catholic societies, the Spanish Empire above all, in their impulse to convert the entire world to Christianity, in that way decisively expanding the geographical horizons of many of its inhabitants. The article focuses on the Spanish Discalced Carmelite Jerónimo Gracián, a close friend and ally of Teresa of Ávila. Despite being hardly known nowadays, he can be considered a prototypical figure of the period, because of the forceful and compelling ways in which he expressed the intersection of martyrdom and world evangelization.

Liberating Judgment

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas John Casson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Absolute Certainty ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The Way

Examining the social and political upheavals that characterized the collapse of public judgment in early modern Europe, this book offers a unique account of the achievement of liberal democracy and self-government. The book argues that the work of John Locke instills a civic judgment that avoids the excesses of corrosive skepticism and dogmatic fanaticism, which lead to either political acquiescence or irresolvable conflict. Locke changes the way political power is assessed by replacing deteriorating vocabularies of legitimacy with a new language of justification informed by a conception of probability. For Locke, the coherence and viability of liberal self-government rests not on unassailable principles or institutions, but on the capacity of citizens to embrace probable judgment. The book explores the breakdown of the medieval understanding of knowledge and opinion, and considers how Montaigne's skepticism and Descartes' rationalism—interconnected responses to the crisis—involved a pragmatic submission to absolute rule. Locke endorses this response early on, but moves away from it when he encounters a notion of reasonableness based on probable judgment. In his mature writings, Locke instructs his readers to govern their faculties and intellectual yearnings in accordance with this new standard as well as a vocabulary of justification that might cultivate a self-government of free and equal individuals. The success of Locke's arguments depends upon citizens' willingness to take up the labor of judgment in situations where absolute certainty cannot be achieved.

Mediation and the Discourse of Property Transfer in Early Modern Europe.

Rural History ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Siddle
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Property Transfer ◽  
The Future ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The Village

On the 25th June 1789, Jean Louis Varey, of the village of St Ferreole near Faverges in Haute Savoie, met Jean Burdet in the local inn to discuss the future of a field the latter had rented from Varey's father. After the conclusion of this business they took a glass of wine specifically with four others: Jean Baptiste Prevost, the son of the notary, and three local peasant householders Jean Roderigue, Pierre Raucaz and Aime Guignon. Many others were also in attendance. Varey had recently returned to his home after a period of time trading in France, and he clearly fancied himself as something of an enterpreneur. The others thought him a bit above himself.

Ireland and the Monarchy in the Early Stuart Multiple Kingdom

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Perceval-Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
The Way

Ireland's position as a kingdom in early modern Europe was, in some respects, unique, and this eccentricity sheds light upon the complexity of governing a multiple kingdom during the seventeenth century. The framework for looking at the way Ireland operated as a kingdom is provided, first by an article by Conrad Russell on ‘The British problem and the English civil war’ and secondly by an article by H. G. Koenigsberger entitled ‘Monarchies and parliaments in early modern Europe – dominium regale or dominium politicum et regale’. Russell listed six problems that faced multiple kingdoms: resentment at the king's absence, disposal of offices, sharing of war costs, trade and colonies, foreign intervention and religion. Koenigsberger used Sir John Fortescue's two phrases of the 1470s to distinguish between constitutional, or limited monarchies, and more authoritarian ones during the early modern period. Both these contributions are valuable in looking at the way the monarchy operated in Ireland because the application of the constitution there was deeply influenced by Ireland's position as part of a multiple kingdom and because Englishmen, looking at Ireland, wanted her to be like England, but, at the same time, did not wish her to exercise the type of independence that they claimed for England.

scholarly journals Everyday Magic in Early Modern Europe edited by Kathryn A. Edwards

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Oldridge
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Supernatural Beliefs ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Magical Beliefs

Historians have long known that the efforts of religious reformers, both Catholic and Protestant, to challenge the magical beliefs of ordinary people in early modern Europe met with limited success, and that a rich stratum of unorthodox supernatural beliefs survived well into the 18th century. This welcome collection of essays addresses the negotiations and compromises between official religion in its various forms and the vibrant world of popular magic during the “long Reformation". Reviewed by: Darren Oldridge, Published Online (2021-04-30)Copyright © 2021 by Darren Oldridge Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37677/28674 Corresponding Author: Darren Oldridge,University of Worcester, UKE-Mail: [email protected]

Communities beyond borders: internal boundaries and circulations in the 18th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 9s4 ◽  
pp. 168-189
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Rolla
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Emic Perspective ◽  
Urban Institutions ◽  
The City

To understand the political, social and economic conditions which made possible a certain freedom of movement in early modern Europe, it is necessary to abandon the idea of a state sovereignty which expressed itself through the control of boundaries and its territory, which is a relatively recent notion in Western legal culture. Thus, in early modern Europe external borders were porous, and surveillance systems were organised in a plurality of jurisdictions and responded to multiple logics and interests. This article focuses on Turin, the capital of the States of Savoy, where boundaries were defined by the control of urban institutions responsible for the police of the city, as the Vicariate. To observe the process of defining these frontiers, I have chosen to use an emic perspective, attentive to the point of view of the actors. This contribution is interested in the strategies adopted by a group of people subject to high mobility�construction workers�when faced with internal borders. This approach allows us to consider the �relational� substance of the border, its multiple and changing nature.

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