Behavioural relevance of AC and DC in prey detection by the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus

AbstractA large range of aquatic vertebrates employs passive electroreception to detect the weak bioelectric fields that surround their prey. Bioelectric fields are dynamic in strength and frequency composition, but typically consist of a direct current (DC) and an alternating current (AC) component. We examined the biological relevance of these components for prey detection behaviour in the brown bullhead by means of a preference test. We gave each fish the choice between two small dipoles emitting a DC step or AC stimulus of variable strength, respectively. We used AC stimuli that were either representative for ventilatory movements by prey (1 Hz sine wave) or optimal for the ampullary electroreceptor cells (10 Hz sine wave). In an attempt to present a more complex stimulus, we also used slightly modified recordings of bioelectric prey fields, but this yielded no results. Brown bullheads prefer DC stimuli to 10 Hz sine waves if the stimulus intensity of either component is much larger. When the stimulus presentation consists of DC versus 1 Hz, most fish will choose randomly unless the stimulus intensities differ greatly. Then, they favour the component that had a higher amplitude during training. Our results suggest an intrinsic behavioural preference for very low frequency signals (<10 Hz) as well as plasticity in prey detection behaviour.

Download Full-text

Metabolism of obeticholic acid in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-019-05398-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (20) ◽

pp. 20316-20324 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samuel Mach ◽

Alexandr Jegorov ◽

Zdeněk Šimek

Keyword(s):

Obeticholic Acid ◽

Brown Bullhead ◽

Ameiurus Nebulosus

Download Full-text

TUMOR PREVALENCE AND BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND RESPONSE IN BROWN BULLHEAD (AMEIURUS NEBULOSUS) FROM THE ANACOSTIA RIVER, WASHINGTON, DC AND TUCKAHOE RIVER, MARYLAND, USA

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1897/03-77 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 638 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Alfred E. Pinkney ◽

John C. Harshbarger ◽

Eric B. May ◽

William L. Reichert

Keyword(s):

Washington Dc ◽

Brown Bullhead ◽

Anacostia River ◽

Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽

Ameiurus Nebulosus

Download Full-text

Auditory Temporal Order Perception in Younger and Older Adults

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jslhr.4105.1052 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 1052-1060 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Peter J. Fitzgibbons ◽

Sandra Gordon-Salant

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Discrimination Task ◽

Temporal Order ◽

Stimulus Presentation ◽

Complex Stimulus ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Identification Task ◽

Relative Pitch ◽

Single Sequence

This investigation examined the abilities of younger and older listeners to discriminate and identify temporal order of sounds presented in tonal sequences. It was hypothesized that older listeners would exhibit greater difficulty than younger listeners on both temporal processing tasks, particularly for complex stimulus patterns. It was also anticipated that tone order discrimination would be easier than tone order identification for all listeners. Listeners were younger and older adults with either normal hearing or mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing losses. Stimuli were temporally contiguous three-tone sequences within a 1/3 octave frequency range centered at 4000 Hz. For the discrimination task, listeners discerned differences between standard and comparison stimulus sequences that varied in tonal temporal order. For the identification task, listeners identified tone order of a single sequence using labels of relative pitch. Older listeners performed more poorly than younger listeners on the discrimination task for the more complex pitch patterns and on the identification task for faster stimulus presentation rates. The results also showed that order discrimination is easier than order identification for all listeners. The effects of hearing loss on the ordering tasks were minimal.

Download Full-text

Temporal Interactions of Air-Puff–Evoked Blinks and Saccadic Eye Movements: Insights Into Motor Preparation

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00854.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 1718-1729 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Neeraj J. Gandhi ◽

Desiree K. Bonadonna

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Target Location ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Saccadic Eye Movements ◽

Stimulus Presentation ◽

Motor Preparation ◽

Threshold Level ◽

Saccade Latency ◽

Sensory Response ◽

Temporal Interactions

Following the initial, sensory response to stimulus presentation, activity in many saccade-related burst neurons along the oculomotor neuraxis is observed as a gradually increasing low-frequency discharge hypothesized to encode both timing and metrics of the impending eye movement. When the activity reaches an activation threshold level, these cells discharge a high-frequency burst, inhibit the pontine omnipause neurons (OPNs) and trigger a high-velocity eye movement known as saccade. We tested whether early cessation of OPN activity, prior to when it ordinarily pauses, acts to effectively lower the threshold and prematurely trigger a movement of modified metrics and/or dynamics. Relying on the observation that OPN discharge ceases during not only saccades but also blinks, air-puffs were delivered to one eye to evoke blinks as monkeys performed standard oculomotor tasks. We observed a linear relationship between blink and saccade onsets when the blink occurred shortly after the cue to initiate the movement but before the average reaction time. Blinks that preceded and overlapped with the cue increased saccade latency. Blinks evoked during the overlap period of the delayed saccade task, when target location is known but a saccade cannot be initiated for correct performance, failed to trigger saccades prematurely. Furthermore, when saccade and blink execution coincided temporally, the peak velocity of the eye movement was attenuated, and its initial velocity was correlated with its latency. Despite the perturbations, saccade accuracy was maintained across all blink times and task types. Collectively, these results support the notion that temporal features of the low-frequency activity encode aspects of a premotor command and imply that inhibition of OPNs alone is not sufficient to trigger saccades.

Download Full-text

Design of High Precision Power Supply for Low-Frequency Vibration Cutting

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.494 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 471-472 ◽

pp. 494-497

Author(s):

X.G. Jiang ◽

D.Y. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Power Amplifier ◽

High Precision ◽

Frequency Band ◽

Power Supply ◽

High Stability ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Sine Wave ◽

Vibration Cutting ◽

Low Frequency Vibration ◽

Small Band

The frequency of piezoelectric transducer requires high stability and can also be continuously changed. The voltage requires smooth and stable sine wave. To the two problems, a high precision power supply for vibration cutting is designed. It divides the whole frequency band into several small bands. By means of CPLD, the sine wave is digitally fitted individually at each small band. So the sine wave can be always suitable at a wide frequency band. At the power output, OCL power amplifier is adopted. The output sine voltage becomes smooth and stable by adding voltage negative feedback to the power amplifier. The experiment results show its feasibility.

Download Full-text

Brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) skin carcinogenesis

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1016/s0940-2993(00)80031-7 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 209-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Tracie E. Bunton

Keyword(s):

Skin Carcinogenesis ◽

Brown Bullhead ◽

Ameiurus Nebulosus

Download Full-text

Stimulus-Presentation Methods and Ability to Shift Dimensions in Color-Form Preference of Retardates

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1973.36.3.807 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 807-810 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wendell J. Goesling

Keyword(s):

Preference Test ◽

Stimulus Presentation ◽

The Other ◽

One Dimension ◽

Sorting Task ◽

Successive Presentation ◽

Mental Age ◽

Color Form ◽

Presentation Methods ◽

Form Preference

A color-form sorting task was given to 40 institutionalized male retardates divided into two groups equated in mental age. Part I, a preference test, required that 8 stimulus figures, varying in color (red or green) and form (triangle or square), be sorted into 2 bins each marked by a comparison stimulus-figure resembling test stimuli on only one dimension. In Part II, stimuli were again presented but with the instructions to shift the basis of categorization. The procedure with both groups differed only in the method of stimulus presentation; one group received 8 figures simultaneously, the other successively. Retardates in general preferred color to form in categorization and ability to shift dimensions is facilitated by successive presentation.

Download Full-text

Taste the Bass: Low Frequencies Increase the Perception of Body and Aromatic Intensity in Red Wine

Multisensory Research ◽

10.1163/22134808-20191406 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4-5) ◽

pp. 429-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jo Burzynska ◽

Qian Janice Wang ◽

Charles Spence ◽

Susan Elaine Putnam Bastian

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Cultural Production ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Red Wine ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Sine Wave ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Practical Application ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Frequency Sound

Abstract Associations between heaviness and bass/low-pitched sounds reverberate throughout music, philosophy, literature, and language. Given that recent research into the field of cross-modal correspondences has revealed a number of robust relationships between sound and flavour, this exploratory study was designed to investigate the effects of lower frequency sound (10 Hz to 200 Hz) on the perception of the mouthfeel character of palate weight/body. This is supported by an overview of relevant cross-modal studies and cultural production. Wines were the tastants — a New Zealand Pinot Noir and a Spanish Garnacha — which were tasted in silence and with a 100 Hz (bass) and a higher 1000 Hz sine wave tone. Aromatic intensity was included as an additional character given suggestions that pitch may influence the perception of aromas, which might presumably affect the perception of wine body. Intensity of acidity and liking were also evaluated. The results revealed that the Pinot Noir wine was rated as significantly fuller-bodied when tasted with a bass frequency than in silence or with a higher frequency sound. The low frequency stimulus also resulted in the Garnacha wine being rated as significantly more aromatically intense than when tasted in the presence of the higher frequency auditory stimulus. Acidity was rated considerably higher with the higher frequency in both wines by those with high wine familiarity and the Pinot Noir significantly better liked than the Garnacha. Possible reasons as to why the tones used in this study affected perception of the two wines differently are discussed. Practical application of the findings are also proposed.

Download Full-text