Theological Education At the Dutch Universities in the Seventeenth Century: Four Professors On Their Ideal of the Curriculum

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
F.G.M. Broeyer
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Academic Teaching ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dutch Universities ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractDuring the seventeenth century the academic teaching of theology in the Dutch Republic was on a high level. The universities had first-rate professors at their disposal for the subjects taught at the time. In this article some treatises on theological education are discussed. The authors are the professors Antonius Walaeus, Gisbertus Voetius, Franciscus Burman, and Samuel Maresius. Walaeus, Voetius, and Burman wrote about the content of the curriculum and the ideal way of studying theology. They differ in outlook. Burman even advocates a critical attitude based upon a Cartesian principle. Precisely because of unorthodox ideas gaining ground Maresius voiced somber reflections on an assumed decline of the Dutch faculties of theology.

Biblical Philology and Hermeneutical Debate in the Dutch Republic in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetze Touber
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Held Back

Spinoza’s time was rife with conflicts. Historians tend to structure these by grouping two opposing forces: progressive Cartesio-Cocceian-liberals versus conservative Aristotelian-Voetian-Orangists. Moderately enlightened progressives, so the story goes, endorsed notions such as human dignity, toleration, freedom of opinion, but shied away from radicalism, held back by the conservative counterforce. Yet the drift was supposed to be inevitably towards the Enlightenment. This chapter tries to capture theological conflicts in the Dutch Republic of the Early Enlightenment in a triangular scheme, that covers a wider range of conflicting interests. Its corners are constituted by ‘dogmatism’ (Dordrecht orthodoxy), ‘scripturalism’ (Cocceianism), and ‘rationalism’ (theology inspired by Cartesianism, Spinozism, or any other brand of new philosophy). Dogmatics and rationalists battled in terms of philosophy, whereas the scripturalists and their respective opponents fought each other rather in the field of biblical scholarship. This multilateral conflict within Dutch Calvinism made the ideal of a unified church untenable.

Circles and Spheres of Free Philosophizing

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Mogens Lærke
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Dutch Universities

This chapter is mostly dedicated to the historical circumstances and the intellectual context of Spinoza’s conception of the freedom of philosophizing. In the Dutch universities during the middle decades of the seventeenth century, the expression “freedom of philosophizing” was inseparable from disputes between Cartesian philosophers and Calvinist theologians about academic freedom and the separation of philosophy from theology. Spinoza, however, widened the scope of the expression and brought it into contact with another broad controversy regarding freedom of religious conscience going back to the early years of the Dutch Republic in the later sixteenth century and the controversy between Lipsius and Coornhert. The chapter argues that it was Spinoza who first managed to bring these two conceptions of academic freedom and freedom of religious conscience together under a single, systematic conception of libertas philosophandi.

The Ideal Hero: A Seventeenth-Century Choice

1965 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
F. K. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Ideal

scholarly journals The Jesuitesses in the Bookshop: Catholic Lay Sisters’ Participation in the Dutch Book Trade, 1650–1750

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
Elise Watson
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Book Trade ◽  
Dutch Book ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Institutional Critique ◽  
Public Criticism

The institutional Catholic Church in seventeenth-century Amsterdam relied on the work of inspired women who lived under an informal religious rule and called themselves ‘spiritual daughters’. Once the States of Holland banned all public exercise of Catholicism, spiritual daughters leveraged the ambiguity of their religious status to pursue unique roles in their communities as catechists, booksellers and enthusiastic consumers of print. However, their lack of a formal order caused consternation among their Catholic confessors. It also disturbed Reformed authorities in their communities, who branded them ‘Jesuitesses’. Whilst many scholars have documented this tension between inspired daughter and institutional critique, it has yet to be contextualized fully within the literary culture of the Dutch Republic. This article suggests that due to the de-institutionalized status of the spiritual daughters and the discursive print culture that surrounded them, public criticism replaced direct censure by Catholic and Reformed authorities as the primary impediment to their inspired work.

The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century By Maarten Prak

History ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (304) ◽  
pp. 630-631
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Dutch Republic

GIS Based Multi-Criteria decision support system and machine learning for Hospital Site Selection case study Oran - Algeria

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Automatic Learning ◽  
Hospital Site ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

The selection of hospital sites is one of the most important choice a decision maker has to take so as to resist the pandemic. The decision may considerably affect the outbreak transmission in terms of efficiency , budget, etc. The main targeted objective of this study is to find the ideal location where to set up a hospital in the willaya of Oran Alg. For this reason, we have used a geographic information system coupled to the multi-criteria analysis method AHP in order to evaluate diverse criteria of physiological positioning , environmental and economical. Another objective of this study is to evaluate the advanced techniques of the automatic learning . the method of the random forest (RF) for the patterning of the hospital site selection in the willaya of Oran. The result of our study may be useful to decision makers to know the suitability of the sites as it provides a high level of confidence and consequently accelerate the power to control the COVID19 pandemic.

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