Post-embryonic development of Lithobius curtipes C. L. Koch (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe variation during development in the following characters of Lithobills curtipes is described: body-length, head-length, ratio head-length/body-length and head-length/headwidth, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles and teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation of the last pair of legs (DampP on all legs), accessory apical claws on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia and male secondary sex character. Also the difference between male and female and the correlation with size within each post-larval stadium are given. The boundary between juvenile and adult stadia, the number of post-larval stadia and some geographical variation concerning Swedish and German material are dicussed. Useful characters for identifying L. curtipes and L. crassipes are also discussed.

Post-embryonic development of Lithobius microps Meinert (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cephalic Shield

AbstractThe variation during development in the following characters of Lithobius microps is described: body-length, head-length, ratio head-length/body-length and head-length/ head-width, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles and teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation on the last pair of legs, accessory apical claws on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia and the pattern on the cephalic shield. Also the difference between male and female and the correlation with size within each post-larval stadium are given. The boundary between juvenile and adult stadia, the number of post-larval stadia and the geographical variation in the number of antennal articles and coxal pores are discussed.

Post-embryonic development and geographical variation in Sweden of Lithobius crassipes L. Koch (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Taxonomical Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cephalic Shield

AbstractThe variation during development in the following characters of Lithobius crassipes is described: body-length, head-length, ratio head-length/body-length and head-length/headwidth, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles and teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation on the last pair of legs (DampP on all legs), accessory apical claws on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia and the pattern on the cephalic shield. Also the difference between male and female and the correlation with size within each post-larval stadium are given. The boundary between juvenile and adult stadia and the number of post-larval stadia are discussed. L. crassipes shows a geographical variation in Sweden and can be divided into western and south-eastern groups (W and SE). There are differences between the two groups especially in spinulation and pattern on the cephalic shield. So far there is no decision of their taxonomical status.

Post-embryonic development of Lithobius calcaratus C. L. Koch (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cephalic Shield

AbstractThe variation during development in the following characters of Lithobius calcaratus is described: body-length, head-length, ratio head-length/body-length and head-length/ head-width, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles and teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation on the last pair of legs, accessory apical claws on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia, male secondary sex character and the pattern on the cephalic shield. Also the difference between male and female and the correlation with size within each post-larval stadium are given. The boundary between juvenile and adult stadia and the number of post-larval stadia are discussed.

Post-embryonic development of Lithobius tenebrosus fennoscandius Lohmander (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Secondary Sex Characters ◽  
Cephalic Shield

AbstractThe variation during development in the following characters of Lithobius tenebrosus fennoscandius (= L. nigrifrons fennoscandius) is described: body-length, head-length, ratio head-length/body-length and head-length/head-width, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles and teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation on the last pair of legs, accessory apical claws on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia and the pattern on the cephalic shield. Also the difference between male and female and the correlation with size within each post-larval stadium are given. The boundary between juvenile and adult stadia and the number of post-larval stadia are discussed. Male secondary sex-characters, which have been used to distinguish L. t. setiger and L. t. sulcatipes were not found in the Swedish material examined here.

Post-embryonic development of Lithobius melanops Newport (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cephalic Shield

AbstractThe variation during development in the following characters of Lithobius melanops is described: body-length, head-length, ratios of head-length/body-length and head-length/ head-width, number of coxal pores, ocelli. antennal articles and teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation on the last pair of legs, accessory apical claws on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia and the pattern on the cephalic shield. Also the difference between male and female and correlation with size within each post-larval stadium are given. The boundary between juvenile and adult stadia and the number of post-larval stadia are discussed.

Post-embryonic development of Lamyctes fulvicornis Meinert (Chilopoda: Henicopidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Cephalic Shield

AbstractLamyctes fulvicornis is spanandric and most probably thelytokous in Sweden. The variation during development in the following characters is described: body-tength, head-length, ratio head-length/body-length and head-length/head-width, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles and teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation, accessory apical claws on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia and the pattern on the cephalic shield. Also correlation with size within each post-larval stadium is given. The boundary between juvenile and adult stadia and the number of post-larval stadia are discussed.

Post-embryonic development of Lithobius erythrocephalus C. L. Koch (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Size Number ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cephalic Shield

AbstractExamined Swedish specimens of Lithobius erythrocephalus belong to the nominate subspecies. The variation during development in size, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles, teeth on forcipular coxosternite, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, spinulation, accessory apical claw on the 15th pair of legs, genitalia and the pattern on the cephalic shield are described. Also the difference between male and female and correlation with size within each stadium are given. There are probably 8 post-larval stadia in Sweden.

scholarly journals Pattern of Cephalic Index among Medical Students of a Medical College of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Raju Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Sah ◽  
Surya B. Parajuli ◽  
Suman Pokhrel ◽  
Santosh K. Deo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Head Breadth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Head Type

Background Cephalic index (CI) is one of the important anthropometric parameters to determine racial variation.  Studies done in Nepal has made a comparison of cephalic index for castes (Tharu, Brahmin, Chhetri, Newar), races (Mongoloids and Aryans) but lacks sex variation. The objective of this study was to find the difference in the cephalic index between two genders and to find the sequence of most predominant to least common head type in different genders among the Medical Students of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital (BMCTH). Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in the department of Anatomy of BMCTH from 1 July 2019 to 1 September 2019 comprising of 256 medical students (133 male and 123 female) aged between 18 to 24 years. Head length, head breadth and cephalic index were the variables measured using standard devices and techniques. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Results The mean cephalic index in male and female is found to be 81.41 ± 4.52 and 83.62 ± 4.08 respectively. Statistically significant difference found between gender in terms of head length males (18.78±0.69) and females (17.71 ± 0.60); head breadth males (15.28 ±0.62) and females (14.79 ±0.57). The mean cephalic index in males is 81.41 ± 4.52 varying from 69.31 to 94.48. In females, the cephalic index varied from 74.74 to 93.14 and the mean cephalic index is 83.62 ± 4.08. The difference between male and female cephalic index is found to be statistically significant. Majority (43.75%) had Brachycephalic head (CI>79.9) followed by Hyperbrachycephalic (26.95%), Mesocephalic (25.39%), and Dolicocephalic (3.90%). Conclusion Cephalic index is significantly high in female as compared to male whereas head length and breadth are significantly high in males than females. It confirms sexual dimorphism exists. Brachycephalic is the commonest head type.  

Post-embryonic development of Lithobius forficatus (L.), (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Size Number ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lithobius Forficatus

AbstractThe larval stadia of L. forficatus are easily distinguished by the number of legs and are separated from all other Scandinavian species in having more than 2+2 teeth on the forcipular coxosternite. The variation during development in size, number of coxal pores, ocelli, antennal articles, teeth on forcipular coxosternite, spinulation, projections on tergites 9, 11 and 13, accessory apical claw on the 15 th pair of legs and genitalia are described. Also the difference between male and female and correlation with size within each stadium are given. The number of coxal pores is the best feature for separating the post-larval stadia of L. forficatus. There are probably 9 post-larval stadia in Sweden. The larva media (sensu Verhoeff) is an accidental stadium and only occasionally included in development.

Perceived social support and burden of care of male and female caregivers of patient with schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Nishant Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with a high familial, social and economic burden. Schizophrenia is also associated with a high level of disability which may create impediments on the social and economic areas of the patients as well as on their respective family networks. Families with schizophrenia may encounter problems such as impairment of health and well being of other family members, restriction of social activities of the family members and shrinking of support from the social network. Aims: The present study examined the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study examining the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 60 (30 male and 30 female) caregivers of the patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia as per ICD-10-DCR. Results and Conclusion: This study revealed that male caregivers perceived more social support and less burden of care as compared to female caregivers. Key words: Gender, social support, burden

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