scholarly journals Pattern of Cephalic Index among Medical Students of a Medical College of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Raju Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Sah ◽  
Surya B. Parajuli ◽  
Suman Pokhrel ◽  
Santosh K. Deo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Head Breadth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Head Type

Background Cephalic index (CI) is one of the important anthropometric parameters to determine racial variation.  Studies done in Nepal has made a comparison of cephalic index for castes (Tharu, Brahmin, Chhetri, Newar), races (Mongoloids and Aryans) but lacks sex variation. The objective of this study was to find the difference in the cephalic index between two genders and to find the sequence of most predominant to least common head type in different genders among the Medical Students of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital (BMCTH). Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in the department of Anatomy of BMCTH from 1 July 2019 to 1 September 2019 comprising of 256 medical students (133 male and 123 female) aged between 18 to 24 years. Head length, head breadth and cephalic index were the variables measured using standard devices and techniques. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Results The mean cephalic index in male and female is found to be 81.41 ± 4.52 and 83.62 ± 4.08 respectively. Statistically significant difference found between gender in terms of head length males (18.78±0.69) and females (17.71 ± 0.60); head breadth males (15.28 ±0.62) and females (14.79 ±0.57). The mean cephalic index in males is 81.41 ± 4.52 varying from 69.31 to 94.48. In females, the cephalic index varied from 74.74 to 93.14 and the mean cephalic index is 83.62 ± 4.08. The difference between male and female cephalic index is found to be statistically significant. Majority (43.75%) had Brachycephalic head (CI>79.9) followed by Hyperbrachycephalic (26.95%), Mesocephalic (25.39%), and Dolicocephalic (3.90%). Conclusion Cephalic index is significantly high in female as compared to male whereas head length and breadth are significantly high in males than females. It confirms sexual dimorphism exists. Brachycephalic is the commonest head type.  

scholarly journals The Study of Cephalic Index of Andhra Region (India)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visha Manoharrao Salve ◽  
Naga Raghunandan Thota ◽  
Anupama Patibandla
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Head Breadth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The cephalic index is the ratio of the maximum breadth of head to its maximum length. Cephalic index is very useful anthropologically to find out racial difference. It has also been reported that cephalic index is less than 2-3 in individual with sickle cell anemia than normal individual. Material & Methods: The present study was carried out with 320 (160 male & 160 female) medical students of Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Foundation and Dr. Sudha & Nageswara Institute of Dental Sciences Chinnaoutpally, Krishna District (AP), INDIA. Results: The mean cephalic index was 76.94±2.53. The mean cephalic index for male was 75.68±2.05 and for female was 78.20±2.33. The difference between male and female cephalic index was significant (p= 0.001 & difference 2.52). Conclusion: The result of present study shows that majority of male of Andhra region are dolicocephalic or mesocephalic and female are mesocephalic. Cephalic index of the female is 2-3 point higher than the male in Andhra region population. This study will serve as basis of comparison for future studies on Andhra region population. Key Words: Cephalic index; head length; head breadth; Andhra region of India DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i1.3385 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 53-55

scholarly journals A STUDY ON CEPHALIC INDEX OF ADULT NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Singh ◽  
Vasundhara Kulshreshtha ◽  
Pradeep Singh ◽  
Ved Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Head Length ◽  
North Indian Population ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Head Breadth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Cephalic index is the percentage of head breadth to head length. The index is calculated from measurement of the diameters of head (head length and head breadth). When applied to living individuals it is known as cephalic index, and when referring to dry skulls, the cranial index. This index is used as a useful anthropological tool for analysis of racial and sexual differences in a population. The present study was done to find out Cephalic Index and to study sexual dimorphism in adult North Indian population. Objective of the study was to calculate the cephalic index and to find out that the present study group belongs to which category in the classification of skull based on cephalic index and to study the sexual dimorphism in respect to cephalic index. Material & Methods: The present study comprised of 200 medical students of age group between 18 yrs. to 25 yrs. of S.N. Medical College, Agra, not having any significant disease or deformity that could have affected the general or the bony growth. Two anthropometric parameters; head length and head breadth were recorded in centimeters by using spreading caliper. With these recorded data, cephalic index was calculated for males and females separately as well as combined. Results: Mean Cephalic Index was significantly higher (p=0.03124) in females (79.350 ± 5.7157) as compared to males (77.715 ± 4.9102). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of the cephalic indices of male and female students (p=0.03124). The mean cephalic index of combined population in this study was 78.533 ± 5.3776 which states that the dominant head shape among North Indians is Mesaticephalic.

scholarly journals Cephalic Index among Nepalese Medical Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Bipana Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Head Shape ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Specific Parameter ◽  
Measuring Scale ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Head Type

Introduction: Cephalic index is race and sex specific parameter. Morphology of all living beings undergoes changes in varying degrees during their life and the features are variable in the individuals of the same species.Objective: To measure the head size of the Nepalese medical students of both sexes between 18 to 24 years of age, to determine the different head type and to explore the distribution of cephalic index by ethnicity.Materials & Method: Materials used were a Spreading caliper and a measuring scale. The method used for assessing cephalic index was Hrdlicka’s method.Result: The result showed that the majority of the medical students of Nepal Medical College had typical Brachycephalic head type.Conclusion: The dominant type of head shape revealed was brachycephalic and the least common head type as Dolicocephalic in Nepalese medical students of all the three ethnic groups namely Brahmin, Newar and Chettri.

Study on the Thicknesses and the Girths of Tendoachilles of Human Cadavers: Study in a Medical College

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Lutfun Nahar ◽  
Ahmad Seraji ◽  
Md Shofiur Rahman ◽  
Md Redwan Ahsanullah
Keyword(s):  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Measurement Of Thickness

Study on the Thicknesses and the Girths of Tendoachilles of Human Cadavers. Background: Tendoachilles is the chief planter flexor of the ankle joint. It provides elastic energy storage in walking and running. The present study was planned to collect data to find out possible variations of thickness and girth between right and left leg of both male and female. Materials and methods: A cross sectional analytical type of study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2013 to June 2014. The data was collected from both right and left tendoachilles of 60 human cadaver taken from Anatomy Department of different Government and Nongovernment Medical Colleges in Dhaka city. After dissection thickness and girth of tendoachilles was measured and recorded. Results: Among 60 human cadaver, 30 are male and 30 are female. The mean thickness of tendoachilles was greater in right leg than in left leg at its junction with gastrocnemius in male, (P<0.001) at the level of 4 cm above its junction with calcaneus and at the level of its junction with calcaneus in both male and female. No significant difference was observed in the measurement of thickness of right and left tendoachilles at the level of its junction with gastrocnemius in female. Mean girth of tendoachilles was greater in right leg than in left leg at its junction with gastrocnemius, at the level of 4 cm above its junction with calcaneus and at the level of its junction with calcaneus in both male and female. Conclusions: The present study revealed that thickness and girth of tendoachilles was greater in right leg than in left leg which were statistically significant. The difference in thickness and girth can be useful during repair of rupture tendon by orthopaedic and plastic surgeon. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2019, Vol.11(2); 124-129

scholarly journals Prediction of Stature Based on Foot Length In Medical Students of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 707-711
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Arun Dhakal ◽  
Surya B. Parajuli ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Stature is one of the most important anatomical parameters for personal identification. Estimation of stature by measuring different parts of the body is valuable in medico legal investigations as well as in anthropology. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find correlation between stature and foot length and developing a regression equation for stature estimation from foot length among medical students of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal. Methodology: This is cross sectional study conducted at Department of Anatomy of Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal from 15 March 2019 to 15 June 2019. Two hundred (100 male and 100 female) medical students were enrolled in the study. Stature and foot length were measured using standard instruments. The collected data was entered into Microsoft excel and analyzed by using SPSS. Results: The mean stature in male was 165.4 cm with SD of 8.46 cm, in female the mean stature was 156.5 cm and with SD 6.56 cm. The mean foot length in male was 25.84 cm with SD of 1.73 cm, in female mean foot length was 23.35 cm with SD 1.30 cm. This gender wise difference in mean stature and foot length between males and females was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was significant positive correlation between stature and foot length (r = 0.534, P < 0.001) for male and (r=0.675, P < 0.001) for female. Regression equations were derived for estimation of stature from measurement of foot length in both sexes. Conclusion: This research found significant positive correlation between stature and foot length in both sexes. Regression equation was also derived which help to predict the stature by knowing the foot length in medico legal cases.

scholarly journals Anthropometric study of cephalic index among medical students in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Ram Prasad Timsina ◽  
Paramananda Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Racial Classification ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Head Type

Background: Cephalic index is the ratio of the maximum breadth of head to its maximum length that is expressed as a percentage. Anthropometric measurements, especially craniofacial measurements, are important for determining various head and face shapes. These anthropometric studies are conducted on the age, sex and racial/ethnic groups in certain geographical zones.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out racial classification and their differences in Nepalese medical students anthropologically and to compare these with the data from other ethnic caste for use in anthropometric and forensic studies.Method: This is a descriptive and cross sectional study on 940 undergraduate medical students of age 17 to 27 years, with 455 males and 485 females from the three different medical colleges of Nepal. The head length (cm) and breadth (cm) were measured by spreading calliper. The height (cm) and weight of the participants were recorded. All the collected data were summarized using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 16.0 versions and their significance was tested by student t-test.Results: The mean cephalic index of 455 males and 485 females were 80.99% and 83.34% respectively. The cephalic index varied from the range of 71.20 to 97.40 in female and 72.08 to 96.77 in male. The dominant type of head shape in our study was mesocephalic (50.76%) followed by brachycephalic (32.74%).Conclusion: This study showed the head type of Nepalese was brachycephalic predominant but with the tendency to mesocephalic and hyperbrachycephalic.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i2.11229Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 2, Issue 8, Apr.-Jun., 2014Page: 68-71

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in Alar Length and Auricular Index of Sacrum

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
AHM Mostafa Kamal ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Shahanaz Begum ◽  
Md Mesbahul Hoque ◽  
Khadeza Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Context : It has long been customary among anatomists, anthropologists and forensic experts to judge the sex of the skeletal material by non-metric observations. Afterward the study of sexual divergence has been based upon actual measurements in different bones. The study in relation to metrical data on bone is very few in our country. The study was planned to observe the differences of sacra between male and female in respect to measurement of alar length and auricular index of sacrum. The findings of this study might be useful in providing morphometrical data that can be used by anatomists, forensic experts, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons and neurologists for proper initiative in their respective fields. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical type of study was performed in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January 2011 to December 2011. A total of 172 (one hundred seventy two) adult human dry sacra of unknown sex was assessed. The study samples were distributed in male and female sex groups by discriminant function analysis. All the samples were studied morphologically. Length of ala and auricular surface were measured with the help of digital slide calipers. Results: The mean length value of ala was greater in female than male (P<0.001). The difference between the mean value of alar index in male and female was significant (P >0.05). The mean value of auricular index was higher in male than female and the difference was statically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The sacrum can be used for sexual dimorphism as is usual in anthropological work. The knowledge of alar length and auricular index of sacrum is essential in medico-legal practice for sex determination of an individual. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v12i1.22613 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, January 2014, Vol. 12 No. 1 pp 17-21

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Topical Oxiconazole Cream (1%) Versus Ketoconazole Cream (2%) in the Treatment of Inguinocrural Dermatophytoses

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Farzana Afroz ◽  
Md Shahidullah ◽  
Mohd Nurul Alam ◽  
Humaira Afreen ◽  
Tahmina Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

A clinical trial was carried out for the duration of six months from September' 2012 to February' 2013 in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College, Uttara Dhaka and patients attending private clinical chamber. To evaluate the effectiveness of oxiconazole cream in comparison to the ketoconazole cream for the treatment of inguinocrural dermatophytoses.A total number of 60 patients with inguinocrural dermatophytoses were included in the study of which 30 patients were treated with oxiconazole (Group A) and the rest 30 patients were treated with ketoconazole (Group B)once daily for 21 days and weekly the outcome of lesions were clinically evaluated and recorded.In group A, male and female were 17 (56.7%) cases and 13 (43.3%) cases respectively. In group B, male and female were 16 (53.3%) cases and 14 (46.7%) cases respectively.The mean age with SD in group A and group B were 28.93 ± 8.29 years and 31.36 ± 8.36 years respectively. The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 6.26 ± 2.22 minutes and 6.53 ± 1.81 minutes respectively at the time of observation and 4.23 ± 1.50 minutes and 5.13 ± 1.45 minutes respectively after 1 week and 2.00 ± 1.22 minutes and 3.25 ± 1.07 minutes respectively after 2 weeks. The difference between the mean score of the two group is significant (p=0.006). The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 0.00 ± 0.00 minutes and 1.75 ± 0.95 respectively after 3 weeks.Sotopical treatment oxiconazole has revealed itself to be as efficient as ketoconazole and it seems more effective and better tolerated than ketoconazole.Medicine Today 2016 Vol.28(2): 57-61

scholarly journals Validity of the Diabetes, Hypertension and Hyperlipidaemia (DHL) Knowledge Instrument among Medical Students of Karachi

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Aleena Zehra Merchant ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Sher Khan ◽  
Arsalan Majeed Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Levels

BACKGROUND: While there have been a number of studies on DM, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, an instrument which assesses knowledge based on all three conditions has neither been established nor authorized in Pakistan. Hence, the focus of this study was to establish a pre- tested extensive questionnaire to evaluate medical students’ understanding of DM, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and their medications for use.METHODS: A pre-validated and pre-tested DHL instrument was employed on 250 students of Dow Medical and Sindh Medical College and on 45 physicians working in a leading teaching hospital of Karachi. The DHL knowledge instrument was then distributed a second time to the very same set of students, after a period of 2 months, at the end of the foundation module, once they had received some basic formal medical education including diabetes and CVS diseases.RESULTS: The overall internal consistency for the DHL instrument failed to comply with the set standard of more than or equal to 0.7 as our results yielded Cronbach’s α of 0.6. Overall the average difficulty factor of 28 questions is 0.41, which highlighted that the instrument was moderately tough. The mean scores for all domains were substantially lower in the students section in comparison to that of the professional section, which had remarkable impact on the overall mean(SD) knowledge score (40.58 ± 14.63 vs. 63.49 ± 06.67 ; p value = 0.00).CONCLUSION: The instrument can be used to recognize people who require educational programs and keep an account of the changes with the passage of time as it could help in differentiating the knowledge levels among its participants based on their educational status.

A STUDY OF THE DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN ACETABULUM IN THE DRY HIP BONES OF SOUTH KERALA POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Rani Raphael M ◽  
Sajey P. S. ◽  
Rajad. R ◽  
Varghese P. D
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Introduction: In human anatomy the acetabulum is a cavity on the lateral aspect of the hip-bone. The purpose of this study is to record the depth and diameter of the acetabulum cavity to accumulate morphological data helpful for anthropologists, Forensic medicine experts and orthopedicians. Materials And Methods: The study was done on 88 adult human hip bones (42 right and 46 left) collected from Department of Anatomy, Govt.T.D Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala state. The diameters and maximum depth were measured using digital vernier calliper. The measurements were compared with other studies in the world. The mean diam Results: eter of acetabulum was 48.08 ± 3.21mm, 44.16 ± 2.60 mm in male and female respectively. The mean ± S.D value of depth was 29.11± 2.37 and 27.20± 2.01 mm. in male and female respectively. The correlation between depth and diameter was signicant only in the right male hip bones. There is signicant variation in the Conclusion: anatomical parameters of hip bone between different Indian population groups. The data from this study may be used for designing population specic hip prosthesis.

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