Cladistic analysis of the Zethus (Zethoides) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) species groups with insights on the current subgeneric classification of Zethus Fabricius, 1804

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Botion Lopes ◽  
Fernando Barbosa Noll
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Species Groups

Zethus is the largest genus in Eumeninae, with over 250 species. Currently, it is divided in four subgenera: Z. (Zethus), Z. (Zethusculus), Z. (Zethoides) and Z. (Madecazethus). Z. (Zethoides), with 42 species, is subdivided in eight species groups, each considered a phylogenetic unit, that were created without any phylogenetic analysis. Eighteen species of Z. (Zethoides) corresponding to different groups were examined, altogether with terminals from distinct lineages of Zethus, Zethini and Eumenini, to perform a cladistics analysis to verify the proposed divisions. Zethus (Zethoides) and all of its species groups, except for the Z. biglumis group, were monophyletic. Zethus s.s. was paraphyletic in relation to Z. (Madecazethus), Z. (Zethoides) and Ctenochilus. Z. (Zethusculus) was also retrieved paraphyletic. Despite the subgeneric incongruences, the outgroups were too poorly represented to carry a taxonomic modification. Thus, the only alteration was the inclusion of the Z. clypearis group in the Z. biglumis group.

Phylogenetic analysis and preliminary classification of the Parathalassiinae (Diptera: Empidoidea: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4648 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
JEFFREY M. CUMMING ◽  
SCOTT E. BROOKS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Present Concept ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Preliminary Classification ◽  
Generic Relationships

Phylogenetic relationships of the subgroups of Parathalassiinae are presented, based on a morphological cladistic analysis. Worldwide, all known extant genera, species groups and newly discovered undescribed lineages are represented in the analysis. Some previously proposed generic relationships are supported by the analysis, but recognition of many current genera renders the present concept of Microphorella Becker as both paraphyletic and polyphyletic. Microphorella merzi Gatt is here classified in Eothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert, as Eothalassius merzi (Gatt) comb. nov. A preliminary classification with all included extant lineages within the Parathalassiinae (at the genus and species group level) is outlined. The ranking of these lineages is discussed and several species groups of Microphorella may need to be elevated to generic or subgeneric level, whereas some currently recognized genera may need to be relegated to subgenera. 

Phylogenetic analysis of the Paulsoni species group (Decapoda : Alpheidae) from the American Pacific, with implications for the phylogenetic classification of the genus Synalpheus

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1744 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARITA HERMOSO-SALAZAR ◽  
MARY WICKSTEN ◽  
JUAN J. MORRONE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Species Groups

A cladistic analysis of 22 species of Synalpheus, represented primarily by species of the Paulsoni species group from the American Pacific and selected species from the Gambarelloides, Neomeris, Brevicarpus, and Biunguiculatus species groups was undertaken, based on 51 morphological characters. The Paulsoni species group proved to be paraphyletic, because species of the Neomeris, Brevicarpus, and Biunguiculatus species groups nested within it. It is proposed herein that in order to achieve a more natural classification, only two groups should be maintained within Synalpheus: Gambarelloides and Paulsoni, the latter in its broadest sense, treating the remaining species groups as synonyms.

Revision of the genusPionosyllis(Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), with a cladistic analysis, and the description of five new genera and two new species

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1455-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo San Martín ◽  
Eduardo López ◽  
María Teresa Aguado
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
San Martín

PionosyllisMalmgren, 1867 is revised based on a cladistic analysis of the 41 species considered herein as valid, two newly described species in this paper (Basidiosyllis victoriaeandOpisthodonta russelli), 11 species from other genera actually belonging, or related to,Pionosyllis, and 13 syllid species from different subfamilies. The phylogenetic analysis is based on 55 characters; a strict consensus of 1200 equally parsimonious trees (length = 314 steps) was obtained. The clades containing species usually included withinPionosyllisare newly named within the frame of a new Linnean classification of the group (except for one, belonging to another subfamily). The diagnosis ofPionosyllisis emended, and five new genera are proposed:Synmerosyllis,Basidiosyllis,Westheidesyllis,PerkinsyllisandBrevicirrosyllis.ParaehlersiaSan Martín, 2003, proved to be closely related toPionosyllis. Seven species are transferred toOpisthodontaLangerhans, 1879, here emended, and three transferred toNudisyllisKnox & Cameron, 1970 (according to San Martín & Hutchings, 2006).Opisthodonta uraga(Imajima, 1966) comb. nov. andPerkinsyllis longisetosacomb. nov. are redescribed.Pionosyllis compactaMalmgren, 1867,P. styliferaEhlers, 1913,P. giganteaMoore, 1908,P. enigmatica(Wesenberg-Lund, 1950), andNudisyllis magnidens(Day, 1953) comb. nov., are redescribed.Pionosyllis marquesensisMonro, 1939 andP. proceraHartman, 1965 likely belong to the Syllinae, thus they are not treated in the taxonomic account.

Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Major Clade ◽  
Lateral Margins

A phylogenetic analysis was used to determine evolutionary relationships within the Early Cambrian superfamily Olenelloidea Walcott, 1890. Phylogenetic patterns within the suborder Olenellina Walcott, 1890, which contains the Olenelloidea and the Fallotaspidoidea Hupé, 1953, are also discussed. The Olenelloidea are monophyletic, and synapomorphies uniting them include the condition of the ocular lobes where they intersect the frontal lobe of the glabella, and the condition of the lateral margins of the glabellar lobes. In contrast, taxa formerly assigned to the Fallotaspidoidea are shown to represent a paraphyletic grade of several genera, some more closely related to the Olenelloidea, and some more closely related to the Redlichiina Richter, 1933. Seventy-nine exoskeletal characters were coded for 26 taxa within the Olenellina. These included 22 ingroup Olenelloidea and four outgroup taxa that have traditionally been assigned to the Fallotaspidoidea. When subjected to parsimony analysis these character data yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram that provides an hypothesis of relationship for the generic clades within the superfamily. Two new genera are recognized herein, Fritzolenellus and Lochmanolenellus. It has been argued that genetic flexibility was so great and trilobite morphology was so plastic in the Early Cambrian that suprageneric classification of Early Cambrian trilobites is precluded. Although levels of intraspecific variability may have been slightly higher in the Early Cambrian relative to the mid Paleozoic, based on the extent of polymorphic character codings, it was not so high as to obviate attempts at recovering phylogenetic structure in a major clade of Early Cambrian taxa. In addition, the consistency index recovered by this analysis is not unduly low for a phylogenetic database of this size. The phylogenetic analysis also has bearing on patterns of allometric heterochrony, which have often been held to be significant in Early Cambrian trilobites. The paedomorphic retention of advanced genal spines into the adult probably evolved at least four times. Three of the episodes can be best described as neoteny, the fourth, as progenesis. Finally, based on the phylogeny, it is likely that rates of speciation in trilobites may have been two to three times higher in the Early Cambrian than in the mid Paleozoic.

Phylogenetic relationships and a new classification of the family Cyclopteridae (Perciformes: Cottoidei)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4221 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANAMI OKU ◽  
HISASHI IMAMURA ◽  
MAMORU YABE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dorsal Process ◽  
Transformation Series

 Phylogenetic relationships of the family Cyclopteridae were reconstructed based on osteological and external characters.  The monophyly of the family was strongly supported by 47 commonly recognized synapomorphies, including six autapomorphies (plus one additional autapomorphy, presence of a dorsal process on the pelvis, recognized after the phylogenetic analysis) among the suborder Cottoidei.  As a result of the cladistic analysis, a single most parsimonious phylogeny was obtained, based on characters in 32 transformation series.  A new classification of Cyclopteridae based on reconstructed relationships, including three subfamilies [Liparopsinae, Cyclopterinae and Eumicrotreminae (newly established)] and four genera (Aptocyclus, Cyclopsis, Cyclopterus and Eumicrotremus), is proposed.    

Simulium (Hearlea) Vargas, Mart nez Palacios, & D az N jera (Diptera: Simuliidae): Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 396 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. COSCARÓN ◽  
D. R. MIRANDA ESQUIVEL ◽  
J. K. MOULTON ◽  
C. L. COSCARÓNARIAS ◽  
S. IBAÑEZ BERNAL
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Character Weighting ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Geographic Distributions ◽  
Weighting Methods

Simulium (Hearlea) Vargas, Mart nez Palacios, & D az N jera 1957 is comprised of 20 known species that are largely confined to the area between M xico and Guatemala. Herein, all currently recognized species within this subgenus are described, illustrated, keyed (except males), and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Geographic distributions for each species are also updated. Simulium deleoni Vargas, 1945, is synonymized with S. capricorne De Le n, 1944. Simulium paracarolinae new species, from Guatemala, is described from the larva. A cladistic analysis of all Hearlea species and representatives from three outgroups was conducted using 39 morphological characters. Although different character weighting methods yielded different topologies, all trees agreed that Hearlea is monophyletic is comprised of two species groups, based mainly upon characters of the larva and pupa: the Simulium juarezi group S. ayrozai Vargas, S. burchi Dalmat, S. canadense Hearle, S. capricorne De Le n, S. chiriquiense Field, S. contrerense D az N jera & Vulcano, S. dalmati Vargas & D az N jera, S. delatorrei Dalmat, S. estevezi Vargas, S. ethelae Dalmat, S. juarezi Vargas & D az N jera, S. microbranchium Dalmat, and S. nigricorne Dalmat and the S. carolinae group Simulium (Hearlea) carolinae De Le n, S. gorirossiae Vargas & D az N jera, S. johnsoni Vargas & D az N jera, S. larvispinosum De Le n, S. menchacai Vargas & D az N jera, S. paracarolinae n. sp., and S. temascalense D az N jera & Vulcano.

Phylogenetic analysis and reclassification of the genus Priochirus Sharp (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae:Osoriinae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wu ◽  
Hong-Zhang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Sister Relationships

The genus Priochirus Sharp (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae) is a rove beetle group with great variation in cephalic structures, especially the teeth on the frontal margin of head. In this paper, phylogenetic relationships among ten subgenera of the genus Priochirus sensu lato, and of Priochirus and other genera of the tribe Leptochirini are analysed. A cladistic analysis was conducted based on 62 characters of adult morphology. Results indicate that the genus Priochirus is not a monophyletic group and is divided into two lineages (called here Lineages I and II respectively). The subgenus Euleptarthrus Jakobson, which included three species-groups (japonicus, longicornis and malayanus), is shown to be polyphyletic. Lineage I corresponds with the Leiochirus + (Exochirus + Syncampsochirus) + (Eutriacanthus + (Plastus + (japonicus-group of Euleptarthrus + (Barychirus + Stigmatochirus)))) clade and forms a sister group to the genus Thoracochirus Bernhauer. Lineage II corresponds with the Priochirus, s. str. + (Cephalomerus + (longicornis- and malayanus-group of the Euleptarthrus)) clade. In addition, the analysis reveals sister relationships between representatives of Lineage I and the genus Thoracochirus. On the basis of phylogenetic inference, the genus Plastus Bernhauer, stat. nov. is proposed to include the subgenera of Lineage I and a new subgenus Sinumandibulus, subgen. nov., which is erected for the japonicus-group of the former subgenus Euleptarthrus. The genus Priochirus Sharp sensu novo is redefined to include the subgenera of Lineage II. Seven new species are described from China: Plastus (Sinumandibulus) curvaticornis, sp. nov. from Sichuan; Plastus (Sinumandibulus) recticornis, sp. nov. from Hubei; Priochirus (Euleptarthrus) amblyodontus, sp. nov. from Hunan; Priochirus (Euleptarthrus) baoxingensis, sp. nov. from Sichuan, Priochirus (Euleptarthrus) elongates, sp. nov. from Guizhou, Priochirus (Euleptarthrus) parvicornis, sp. nov. from Fujian and Priochirus (Euleptarthrus) oxygonus, sp. nov. from Hainan.

Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2284 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
CECILIA WAICHERT ◽  
CELSO O. AZEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Outgroup Species

Rhabdepyris (Epyrinae) is a cosmopolitan genus comprised of 132 species. No morphological synapomorphies are known for the genus and the genus is characterized by a combination of characters common to most Epyrini. Herein, we performed a cladistic analysis based on morphological characters to test the monophyly of Rhabdepyris. The three known subgenera of Rhabdepyris (Chlorepyris, Rhabdepyris s. str., and Trichotepyris) and other Epyrini (Anisepyris, Bakeriella, Calyozina, Epyris, Laelius, Trachepyris) were included in the ingroup. The cladistic analysis of 48 taxa (46 ingroup species and two outgroup species) and 81 structural characters yielded 72 cladograms under equal weights, and one under successive weighting. Rhabdepyris was found to be polyphyletic; the subgenus Trichotepyris was closely related to Anisepyris whereas Rhabdepyris str. s. was closely related to Laelius. The subgenus Chlorepyris is paraphyletic. Morphological characters are discussed in the light of the new phylogeny; novel characters are proposed and illustrated, and a new classification of Rhabdepyris and Epyrini is proposed. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Trichotepyris is synonymized under Anisepyris (syn. n.); Chlorepyris is recognized as a separated genus (stat. rev.); all 12 American species of the subgenus Rhabdepyris are transferred to Laelius; 22 species of Trichotepyris are transferred to Anisepyris; 58 species are transferred to Chlorepyris. A remaining total of 40 species are now recognized in Rhabdepyris. The holotype of Rhabdepyris, R. myrmecophilus Kieffer, the type species of Rhabdepyris, is redescribed.

The Holarctic genus Teleiopsis: host-plants, biogeography and cladistics (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Pitkin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Consensus Classification ◽  
Eleven Species

AbstractTeleiopsis, a Holarctic though predominantly Palaearctic genus, is revised and eleven species are recognized. Three of these are newly described and one new generic combination is established. Keys to the species of Teleiopsis and figures of moths and their male and female genitalia are given. A cladistic analysis was carried out using PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony); the results are discussed and a consensus classification of the species is derived. Biological data, as far as known, are given for each species. Host-plant and biogeographical relationships within the genus are analysed and factors influencing intraspecific variation are discussed.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species

2021 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 1-77
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando M. De Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Domingos Brescovit
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Groups

The diversity of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 is poorly known in the Neotropical regions. In this work we provide a taxonomic review of the genus as well as a phylogenetic analysis. The ingroup of the analysis is composed of sixteen species of Tafana and the outgroup is composed of five representatives of Anyphaenidae. The sister-group recovered for Tafana is the clade Aysha + Xiruana, being supported by the embolic process on the male bulb. Two species groups within Tafana are herein proposed, the silhavyi group and the riveti group, based on two exclusive synapomorphies in the male bulb. We redescribe Tafana quelchi and present a description of the previously unknown female of Tafana silhavyi, both from Venezuela. In addition, we describe the first adult specimens of Tafana straminea. Twelve new species, along with several previously described species, are described, illustrated and mapped: T. riveti, T. straminea, T. quelchi, T. kunturmarqa sp. nov., T. humahuaca sp. nov., T. pastaza sp. nov., T. nevada sp. nov., T. huatanay sp. nov. and T. ruizi sp. nov. from the riveti species group; T. maracay sp. nov., T. arawak sp. nov., T. chimire sp. nov. and T. pitieri sp. nov. from the silhavyi species group; T. oliviae sp. nov. from Argentina and T. orinoco sp. nov. from Venezuela, neither of which belongs to any species group. We also discuss the genital morphology of the species groups based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, distribution maps for all species, including new records for T. riveti, T. straminea and T. quelchi, are presented.

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