Osmiarufa L. (Hym. Megachilidae) as a Pollinator of Plants in Greenhouses

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEND NØRGAARD HOLM
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Early Flowering

Abstract Osmiarufa has been successfully used as a pollinator of early flowering plants in an unheated greenhouse. This species showed a favourable sex ratio which enhanced propagation; it readily occupied artificial domiciles, hibernated well at 4–-5°C in a refrigerator, and could be available for immediate use as pollinator. The bees were easily trapped in nature by means of cardboard tubes. The females preferred tubes of 6 mm diameter, but also nested in 8 mm tubes. The latter tubes gave a considerable increase in sex ratio both in nature and under greenhouse conditions. The value of O. rufa as a pollinator is discussed.

scholarly journals Florivory and sex ratio in Annona dioica St. Hil. (Annonaceae) in the Pantanal at Nhecolândia, southwestern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hipólito Ferreira Paulino Neto ◽  
Reinaldo Chaves Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Flowers

Annona dioica St. Hil. is a species that grows to approximately 2 m tall and is very widespread in the cerrados. Individual plants of this androdioecious species produce numerous hermaphroditic or male flowers, but few fruits. The aim of this study was to determine the sex ratio among the plants and to compare the frequency of herbivory between male and hermaphroditic flowers. The fieldwork was done by studying flowering plants in grasslands used as pasture for cattle at Fazenda Nhumirim. One hundred and forty-seven male plants and 71 hermaphroditic plants were examined and produced a total of 194 and 94 flowers, respectively, during the study period. The male:hermaphrodite sex ratio was 2.07:1, and was similar to the male:hermaphrodite flower ratio of 2.06:1. The frequency of florivory rate in hermaphrodites was significantly higher than in male flowers (33.0%, n = 31, and 25.7%, n = 50, respectively; G = 14.83; d.f. = 1; p < 0.001). The mean fresh weights of male and hermaphroditic flowers were significantly different (8.38 ± 2.40 g vs. 6.93 ± 2.68 g, respectively; 0 ± SEM; n = 50 each; t = 2.479; d.f. = 49; p = 0.017). These results indicate that the low fruit set in this species can be explained by the sex ratio, the greater herbivory of hermaphroditic flowers and the probable absence of pollinators.

scholarly journals How does timing of flowering affect competition for pollinators, flower visitation and seed set in an early spring grassland plant?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kehrberger ◽  
Andrea Holzschuh
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Floral Longevity ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Phenological Shifts

Abstract Knowledge on how the timing of flowering is related to plant fitness and species interactions is crucial to understand consequences of phenological shifts as they occur under climate change. Early flowering plants may face advantages of low competition for pollinators and disadvantages of low pollinator abundances and unfavourable weather conditions. However, it is unknown how this trade-off changes over the season and how the timing affects reproductive success. On eight grasslands we recorded intra-seasonal changes in pollinators, co-flowering plants, weather conditions, flower visitation rates, floral longevity and seed set of Pulsatilla vulgaris. Although bee abundances and the number of pollinator-suitable hours were low at the beginning of the season, early flowers of P. vulgaris received higher flower visitation rates and estimated total number of bee visits than later flowers, which was positively related to seed set. Flower visitation rates decreased over time and with increasing number of co-flowering plants, which competed with P. vulgaris for pollinators. Low interspecific competition for pollinators seems to be a major driver for early flowering dates. Thus, non-synchronous temporal shifts of co-flowering plants as they may occur under climate warming can be expected to strongly affect plant-pollinator interactions and the fitness of the involved plants.

scholarly journals Application of a high-speed breeding technology to apple (Malus × domestica) based on transgenic early flowering plants and marker-assisted selection

2011 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Flachowsky ◽  
Pierre-Marie Le Roux ◽  
Andreas Peil ◽  
Andrea Patocchi ◽  
Klaus Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Breeding Technology

scholarly journals The seed productivity and similarity of seeds of early flowing plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
O. N. Kurdyukova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Natural Flora

Seed productivity of 22 early flowering plants of the natural flora of the Kamensky geobotanical region, introduced into the culture and used in landscaping, has been established. It was shown that the actual average seed productivity of one individual of various plant species varies from 12 to 373 pcs., And the maximum - from 20 to 448 pcs. seeds, which is 10 to 90% of the potential. In most species, high actual seed productivity is combined with high potential productivity. Field germination of seeds of all plant species was higher when sowing with freshly harvested seeds within 5-14 days after ripening. Storage of seeds at a temperature of 18,0-20,0ºС followed by sowing them in the spring led to a significant decrease in germination.

scholarly journals Improvement of flowering in Calceolaria by cold treatment and selection.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Y.O. Kho ◽  
J. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Late Flowering

Cold treatment for 4 weeks at 10 deg C resulted in shortening of the uneven flowering period as a consequence of a delay of the early-flowering and an advance of the late-flowering plants. For the selection material used, the effect was notably a delay of the early-flowering plants. The percentage of flowering plants was favourably influenced by cold treatment. The number of simultaneously flowering plants was also increased by selection, although to a lesser extent. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Parasitism by Amblyomma humerale (Acari: Ixodidae) on Chelonoidis denticulatus (Testudines: Testudinidae) in the Atlantic Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ygor Machado ◽  
Igor Cunha Lima Acosta ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
Ana Carolina Srbek-Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract The present study reports on patterns of parasitism by Amblyomma humerale on yellow-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis denticulatus, in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. The tortoises were sampled occasionally, from July 2005 to January 2020. We collected 81 adult ticks from seven tortoises (mean = 11.57 ± 6.90 ticks/host), of which 72 were males (88.9%) and nine females (11.1%), resulting in an 8:1 sex ratio (males:females). Males were found in clusters, attached to the carapace. Females occurred mainly isolated, attached to coriaceous integumental areas (n = 7; 77.8%), especially the engorged females (100%). We suggest that the difference between attachment sites is a strategy used by fertilized females to avoid mechanical removal from their host through friction with elements of the environment. Because they undergo a considerable increase of volume when engorged, they move to more sheltered places on their host's surface. The parasitism patterns by A. humerale on C. denticulatus were compatible with those observed in the Amazon region and in the Cerrado-Amazonia transition. The present work provides information about the life history and host-parasite interface of the two species and contributes to understanding the parasitism patterns by A. humerale on C. denticulatus in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil.

Phenology of Chickpeas (Cicer Arietinum) in Contrasting Aerial Environments

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Roberts ◽  
R. J. Summerfield ◽  
F. R. Minchin ◽  
P. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
To Come

SUMMARYEffectively nodulated plants of 3 cultivars of chickpea, classified as early, mid-late and late-maturing, were grown to reproductive maturity in 12 factorial combinations of simulated tropical environments in growth cabinets. Cultivars varied in sensitivity but all responded as quantitative long-day plants and flowered earlier in longer photoperiods. Differences in temperature had important consequences, especially on the duration of the reproductive phase and overall crop longevity; they also induced plants to flower at the same time in different photo-periods. Early flowering plants did not necessarily mature early; others taking twice as long to come into flower had short reproductive periods and came to maturity at the same time. Relations between phenology, morphology and seed yield are described and compared with similar data for field-grown plants. Screening for ‘adaptation to environment’ in chickpeas is discussed.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY AND SELECTION IN AN INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID POPULATION OF PACHYRRHIZUS EROSUS X P. AHIPA (YAM BEAN)

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 610g-611
Author(s):  
Richard W. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Root Size

F3 seeds from a cross of P. erosus (indeterminate, daylength sensitive) X P. ahipa (determinate, daylength insensitive) were received from M. Sorensen of the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University in Copenhagen, Denmark and sown in Hawaii in April, 1989 to increase the seed. The F4 seed were planted in March, 1990 and in October, 1990 (the normal time). All F4 progeny included both bush and vine plants in the summer planting, with more bush plants in the progeny of F3 bushes than vines. Likewise, the progeny of earlier-flowering F3 plants had a higher percentage of plants in flower in June than progeny of later-flowering ones. Root sizes and shapes were variable. The F4 progenies of the lines with the highest percentage of bushes and early-flowering plants were regrown in the summer of 1991 and selected for summer-flowering bush plants with acceptable root size. The selections were then grown in the winter of 1991 to test for performance during the normal growing season.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document