Parasitism by Amblyomma humerale (Acari: Ixodidae) on Chelonoidis denticulatus (Testudines: Testudinidae) in the Atlantic Forest

Abstract The present study reports on patterns of parasitism by Amblyomma humerale on yellow-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis denticulatus, in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. The tortoises were sampled occasionally, from July 2005 to January 2020. We collected 81 adult ticks from seven tortoises (mean = 11.57 ± 6.90 ticks/host), of which 72 were males (88.9%) and nine females (11.1%), resulting in an 8:1 sex ratio (males:females). Males were found in clusters, attached to the carapace. Females occurred mainly isolated, attached to coriaceous integumental areas (n = 7; 77.8%), especially the engorged females (100%). We suggest that the difference between attachment sites is a strategy used by fertilized females to avoid mechanical removal from their host through friction with elements of the environment. Because they undergo a considerable increase of volume when engorged, they move to more sheltered places on their host's surface. The parasitism patterns by A. humerale on C. denticulatus were compatible with those observed in the Amazon region and in the Cerrado-Amazonia transition. The present work provides information about the life history and host-parasite interface of the two species and contributes to understanding the parasitism patterns by A. humerale on C. denticulatus in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil.

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Plasticity in the timing of activity in the Red-rumped Agouti, Dasyprocta leporina (Mammalia: Rodentia), in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0625 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Martins Magalhães ◽

Ana Carolina Srbek-Araujo

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Behavioral Plasticity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Local Effect ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

The Difference ◽

Solar Rays

Abstract Timing of activity is a consequence of adaptations to daily and seasonal changes in the environment and examining these patterns is important to better understand the temporal niches of the species. Here we examine temporal activity in the Red-rumped Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) in two fragments of Atlantic Forest and those factors that influence the circadian rhythm in the study areas. Camera traps were used to gather data in two protected areas (one montane and other coastal) in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 49 photos were taken in the mountains and 152 in the coastal area. Activity patterns were diurnal and bimodal, and animals were active for 14-15 hours each day. Activity peaked in the morning soon after sunrise and then before and during dusk. Activity patterns were different in the two study areas (W = 6.77, p = 0.034). There was a longer peak in the morning in the coastal area, and a higher peak in the evening in the mountains, where activity starts later and becomes less intense earlier. The difference between activity patterns in the two locations suggests plasticity in agouti behavior. Because the two study areas are at about the same latitude, we suggest that the behavioral plasticity is due to different temperature regimes associated with a local effect of altitude and topography of the terrain on the incidence of solar rays inside the forest. The influence of other factors is also discussed. In addition to a better understanding of the temporal niche of the Red-rumped Agouti, the behavior patterns we describe here can be useful to optimize strategies for D. leporina conservation in southeastern Brazil once the species is more susceptible to poaching at times when animals are most active.

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The occurrence of Eptesicus chiriquinus Thomas, 1920 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with comments on the species’ distribution

Check List ◽

10.15560/9.3.672 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 672

Author(s):

Marlon Zortéa ◽

Felipe Sampaio Morais Zenha ◽

Vinycio Araújo Carrijo

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Species Distribution ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Native Forest ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Southern Bahia ◽

Forest Biome

This study provides a second recording of the bat Eptesicus chiriquinus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) for the Atlantic Forest biome in Brazil. A specimen was captured in a native forest near the Contas River in the District of Taboquinhas, municipality of Itacaré, in southern Bahia. In Brazil, this species had sparse known records, although it is previously considered endemic to the Amazon region and the States of Amazonas and Pará. Recently, this species was recorded in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. This present record extends over a 1000 km northeast distribution of this species in Brazil.

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Fish movement in an Atlantic Forest stream

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20170065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rosana Mazzoni ◽

Miriam Plaza Pinto ◽

Ricardo Iglesias-Rios ◽

Raquel Costa

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Body Size ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Fish Length ◽

Fish Movement ◽

Species Identity ◽

Forest Stream ◽

Specific Behaviour

ABSTRACT Given the importance of fish movement to the dynamics and maintenance of stream dwelling fish communities from the Atlantic Forest, we analysed patterns of fish movement in a coastal stream from Southeastern Brazil, using mark-recapture technique. Displacement distance of each species were presented and discussed considering seasonal (rainy and dry) and body size patterns. We marked 10 species along the stream and recaptured 440 (34.6%) of the 1,270 marked fishes. The species with significant number of upstream moving individuals were Astyanax janeiroensis, Characidium interruptum, Astyanax hastatus, Parotocinclus maculicauda and Awaous tajasica. Only Pimelodella lateristriga presented significant differences between resident and moving individuals. Characidium interruptum and A. tajasica demonstrated greater downstream and upstream movement, respectively, moving up to 2,100 m. Even after controlling for species identity we found no significant correlation between fish length and individual displacement distance. Fishes moved longer distances during the rainy season, in accordance to the breeding season. Patterns of fish movement were in agreement to life-history traits of many of the studied species and can be reflecting specific behaviour and morphologies.

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Sex Ratio and the Timing of Pubertal Maturation in Girls: A Life History Approach

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e525792013-003 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Feingold

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Pubertal Maturation ◽

History Approach

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Tortoise beetles of an Atlantic Forest remnant in south Minas Gerais, Brazil: host plants and life history

Journal of Natural History ◽

10.1080/00222933.2021.1893401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (1-2) ◽

pp. 15-60

Author(s):

Paula A. A. Gomes ◽

Marcel G. Hermes ◽

Flávia R. Fernandes ◽

Fernando A. Frieiro-Costa

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Host Plants ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Forest Remnant

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Estimates of direct radiative forcing due to aerosols from the MERRA-2 reanalysis over the Amazon region

10.5194/acp-2018-355 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brunna Penna ◽

Dirceu Herdies ◽

Simone Costa

Keyword(s):

Radiative Forcing ◽

Reanalysis Data ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Reference State ◽

Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽

Aerosol Loading ◽

Direct Radiative Forcing ◽

Direct Forcing ◽

The Difference ◽

Natural Aerosols

Abstract. Sixteen years of analysis of clear-sky direct aerosol radiative forcing is presented for the Amazon region, with calculations of AERONET network, MODIS sensor and MERRA-2 reanalysis data. The results showed that MERRA-2 reanalysis is an excellent tool for calculating and providing the spatial distribution of aerosol direct radiative forcing. In addition, the difference between considering the reference state of the atmosphere without aerosol loading and with natural aerosol to obtain the aerosol direct radiative forcing is discussed. During the dry season, the monthly average direct forcing at the top of atmosphere varied from −9.60 to −4.20 Wm−2, and at the surface, it varied from −29.81 to −9.24 Wm−2, according to MERRA-2 reanalysis data and the reference state of atmosphere without aerosol loading. Already with the state of reference being the natural aerosols, the average direct forcing at the top of atmosphere varied from −5.15 to −1.18 Wm−2, and at the surface, it varied from −21.28 to −5.25 Wm−2; this difference was associated with the absorption of aerosols.

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The impact of sex ratio and economic status on local birth rates

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2013.0027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 20130027 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Chipman ◽

E. Morrison

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Economic Status ◽

Life History Strategy ◽

Reproductive Behaviour ◽

Female Competition ◽

Birth Rates ◽

Economically Deprived ◽

Human Mating ◽

The Impact

Human mating and reproductive behaviour can vary depending on various mechanisms, including the local sex ratio. Previous research shows that as sex ratios become female-biased, women from economically deprived areas are less likely to delay reproductive opportunities to wait for a high-investing mate but instead begin their reproductive careers sooner. Here, we show that the local sex ratio also has an impact on female fertility schedules. At young ages, a female-biased ratio is associated with higher birth rates in the poorest areas, whereas the opposite is true for the richest areas. At older ages, a female-biased ratio is associated with higher birth rates in the richest, but not the poorest areas. These patterns suggest that female–female competition encourages poorer women to adopt a fast life-history strategy and give birth early, and richer women to adopt a slow life-history strategy and delay reproduction.

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Male-biased sex ratio in Argulus canadensis Wilson, 1916 (Crustacea: Branchiura) ectoparasitic on sticklebacks

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z89-296 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (8) ◽

pp. 2078-2080 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert Poulin ◽

Gerard J. FitzGerald

Keyword(s):

Salt Marsh ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Fish Predation ◽

Reproductive Behaviour ◽

Egg Deposition ◽

Alternative Hypotheses ◽

Biased Sex Ratio ◽

The Difference ◽

Fish Hosts

Females of the ectoparasitic crustacean Argulus canadensis must leave their fish hosts at least temporarily to deposit their eggs on the substrate. To test the hypothesis that this difference in reproductive behaviour between the two sexes could result in male-biased sex ratios on their stickleback hosts, we sampled sticklebacks in tide pools of a Quebec salt marsh from early July to early September 1986. During this period, fish harboured significantly more male than female A. canadensis. Laboratory experiments were done to test two alternative hypotheses offered to explain this biased sex ratio. The first hypothesis was that male A. canadensis were more successful than females in attacking their stickleback hosts; however, we found no differences in attack success on their hosts between the two parasite sexes. The second hypothesis was that sticklebacks ate more female than male A. canadensis. Although males were less vulnerable to fish predation than females, the difference was not significant. We conclude that sexual differences in reproductive behaviour, i.e., egg deposition behaviour of females, can account for the male-biased sex ratio of A. canadensis on sticklebacks.

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