scholarly journals Improvement of flowering in Calceolaria by cold treatment and selection.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Y.O. Kho ◽  
J. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Late Flowering

Cold treatment for 4 weeks at 10 deg C resulted in shortening of the uneven flowering period as a consequence of a delay of the early-flowering and an advance of the late-flowering plants. For the selection material used, the effect was notably a delay of the early-flowering plants. The percentage of flowering plants was favourably influenced by cold treatment. The number of simultaneously flowering plants was also increased by selection, although to a lesser extent. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Formation of the Astilbe Buch.-Ham collection in a continental climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Olga Yurievna Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Zone ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
June July ◽  
Intense Heat ◽  
Continental Climate

The paper analyzes the dynamics of formation of a collection of Astilbe varieties and species included in the bioresource collection USU 44053 in the conditions of Western Siberia forest-steppe. The ways of further expansion of Astilbe collection fund are substantiated by attracting representatives of the Astilbe chinensis , A. crispa groups; varieties with rhombic, narrow-lobed and pyramidal inflorescences, primarily belonging to the group of colors: red, dark red, purple and dark purple. In contrast to the conditions of the middle zone of Russia in which Astilbe are divided into four groups according to the period of flowering: 1) very early (end of June - July), 2) early (July), 3) medium (mid-July - mid-August) and 4) late (end of August - mid-September), for the conditions of Western Siberia forest-steppe, with intense heat gain in mid-May-early June, the flowering dates of very early and early varieties converge. Accordingly, there are three groups: early-flowering (bloom July 8-10), medium-flowering (bloom from July 15-18), late-flowering (bloom from late July-early August). It is proposed to add a narrow-lobed and pyramidal-drooping inflorescence to the traditionally described forms of Astilbe varieties. The expansion of the set of dwarf varieties from the A. crispa group with strongly dissected fringed leaves gives additional opportunities for a landscape design.

scholarly journals Influence of unstable weather conditions on the passage time of phenological phases of black currant in the Middle Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Elena Chebotok
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Phenological Phases

Abstract. Purpose. The research is aimed at studying the influence of weather conditions on the timing of the phenological phases of black currant in the Middle Urals. Methods. The study is based on methods of phenological observations in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results and practical significance. It was found that black currant adapts well to unstable weather conditions in recent years in the Middle Urals, during the research period, budding was observed in the period from April 12 to May 4; the dates of the beginning of flowering were marked from May 10 to May 28; maturation dates are marked from July 16 to August 10. The shift in the dates of onset of the main phases of vegetation from the average long-term can reach 14 days. Industrial plantings should consist of varieties of different flowering and maturation periods, to avoid the spring frosts of the main part of the plantation, as well as to form a conveyor for the arrival of fresh berries. The experiment identified five early-flowering cultivars in the Middle Urals: Zabava, Fortuna, 1-3-010-13, 3-2-010-13, 6-44-00-03; four late-flowering: Gerkules, Slavyanka, 5-1-010-13, 8-2-010-13; the remaining 28 cultivars are of the average flowering period. Five varieties of early maturation are identified: Zabava, 2-1-010-13, 2-4-010-13, 3-1-010-13, 5-1-010-15; four late maturation: Zaglyaden’e, Kipiana, Chudnoe mgnovenie, Slavyanka; the remaining 28 varieties are of average maturation. Not all early-flowering cultivars are early-maturing, and not all late-flowering cultivars are late-maturing. The scientific novelty consists in the study of phenological rhythms of black currant varieties of various genetic origin in unstable weather conditions of recent years in the Middle Urals.

scholarly journals How does timing of flowering affect competition for pollinators, flower visitation and seed set in an early spring grassland plant?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kehrberger ◽  
Andrea Holzschuh
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Floral Longevity ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Phenological Shifts

Abstract Knowledge on how the timing of flowering is related to plant fitness and species interactions is crucial to understand consequences of phenological shifts as they occur under climate change. Early flowering plants may face advantages of low competition for pollinators and disadvantages of low pollinator abundances and unfavourable weather conditions. However, it is unknown how this trade-off changes over the season and how the timing affects reproductive success. On eight grasslands we recorded intra-seasonal changes in pollinators, co-flowering plants, weather conditions, flower visitation rates, floral longevity and seed set of Pulsatilla vulgaris. Although bee abundances and the number of pollinator-suitable hours were low at the beginning of the season, early flowers of P. vulgaris received higher flower visitation rates and estimated total number of bee visits than later flowers, which was positively related to seed set. Flower visitation rates decreased over time and with increasing number of co-flowering plants, which competed with P. vulgaris for pollinators. Low interspecific competition for pollinators seems to be a major driver for early flowering dates. Thus, non-synchronous temporal shifts of co-flowering plants as they may occur under climate warming can be expected to strongly affect plant-pollinator interactions and the fitness of the involved plants.

scholarly journals Foraging Preference of Giant Honeybee, Apis dorsata F., to Selected Horticultural Crops

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR Neupane ◽  
DD Dhakal ◽  
RB Thapa ◽  
DM Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Foraging Preference ◽  
Bottle Brush

Foraging preference of giant honeybee, Apis dorsata Fab. to selected horticultural crops, litchi, Litchi chinensis Sonner, lemon, Citrus limon (Lin.) Burm. f., bottlebrush, Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, cucumber, Cucumis sativus Lin., radish, Raphanus sativus Lin., and summer squash, Cucurbita pepo L., was studied during their blooming time at IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, 2001. The flowering of all six species of experimental plants started in the first week of March and lasted for two months with a peak flowering from 15 March to 5 April. Foraging preference of bees at 7.30, and 11.00 am and 3.00 pm and 5.30 pm during early, mid and late periods of flowering was assessed. Honeybees foraging at different times of day during early, mid and late flowering periods differed significantly. The highest mean number (8.04/min/m2) of A. dorsata workers was recorded on bottle brush flowers at 7.30 am during early flowering period followed by litchi, summer squash and the lowest (0.25/min/m2) on citrus at 5.30 pm during late flowering period. The bees never visited to the flowers of radish and cucumber. Pollen was preferentially collected from bottlebrush, summer squash and citrus in the morning and nectar from litchi and bottlebrush flowers throughout the day. Pollen foragers spent less time (2.9±1 sec/flower) and visited more flowers (17.9±6/min) when bees collected both pollen and nectar from the same plant. The number of outgoing and incoming foragers were the highest (59.0±14, 44.0±15/min/colony) at 7.30 am during mid flowering period and the lowest (17.6±7, 17.0±2/min/colony) at 5.30 pm during late flowering period, respectively. Key words: Foraging preference, Apis dorsata, horticultural crops J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:87-92 (2006)

Polymorphism for vernalization requirement in a population of Avena fatua

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Darmency ◽  
C. Aujas
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Type Formula ◽  
Winter Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Spring Type ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Polymorphism for vernalization requirement has been observed within a population of wild oats, Avena fatua L., grown under greenhouse conditions. One group of plants was early flowering ("spring type," [Formula: see text]), whereas another was late flowering ("winter type," [Formula: see text]). Vernalization of the winter type was obtained by germinating seeds for 2 weeks at 4 °C and resulted in shortening the time to heading by 50 days. However, this polymorphism was not observed in the field when plants germinated before mid-May. Hence, vernalization requirements did not appear to have any adverse or beneficial effects on time to heading and may be a neutral character in this population. Nevertheless, the frequency of the winter type in the population increased significantly over 6 years. Mechanisms are suggested to account for this phenomenon.

Osmiarufa L. (Hym. Megachilidae) as a Pollinator of Plants in Greenhouses

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEND NØRGAARD HOLM
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Early Flowering

Abstract Osmiarufa has been successfully used as a pollinator of early flowering plants in an unheated greenhouse. This species showed a favourable sex ratio which enhanced propagation; it readily occupied artificial domiciles, hibernated well at 4–-5°C in a refrigerator, and could be available for immediate use as pollinator. The bees were easily trapped in nature by means of cardboard tubes. The females preferred tubes of 6 mm diameter, but also nested in 8 mm tubes. The latter tubes gave a considerable increase in sex ratio both in nature and under greenhouse conditions. The value of O. rufa as a pollinator is discussed.

scholarly journals Application of a high-speed breeding technology to apple (Malus × domestica) based on transgenic early flowering plants and marker-assisted selection

2011 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Flachowsky ◽  
Pierre-Marie Le Roux ◽  
Andreas Peil ◽  
Andrea Patocchi ◽  
Klaus Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Breeding Technology

scholarly journals Studies on seed-setting in leguminous plants. I. Peas

1958 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Rolf Manner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
High Position ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Pod Number

The differences between different genetical materials with regard to the investigated characters have been large. The percentage of fully developed seeds has been smallest for the first seed in the pods on an average (61.0) and much larger for the central seeds (95.2). The corresponding percentage for the last (outermost) seed in each pod was intermediate (82.7). Of the not fully developed seeds, about a fourth part was not at all developed and classified as dead ovules. The relations between the two groups, defective seeds and dead ovules, showed no influence on the position of the seed in the pod. The percentage of pods with all seeds fully developed varied between 14 and 60, and was much dependent on the number of ovules per ovary. The percentage of pod-setting was higher for the low nodes than for the higher ones. The number of ovules per ovary and number of fully developed seeds per pod showed a small tendency to be higher for the lower pods on the stem than for the pods with a high position on the stem. Peduncle length was clearly higher for the lower pods than for the pods with a high position on the stem. Seed weight per pod was considerably higher for pods with a low position on the stem (early flowering) than for pods with a high position on the stem (late flowering) . The length and breadth of the pods, number of ovules per ovary and number of fully developed seeds per pod have on an average been larger for pods from nodes with only one or two pods per node than for pods from nodes with three or more pods per node. The peduncle length was on an average higher for pods on nodes with two pods per node than for pods from nodes with only one pod per node or if the pod number per node was three or even higher. The seed weight per pod was on an average highest for pods developed from nodes with two pods per node and much smaller for pods developed from nodes with three or more pods per node. The seed weight per pod was intermediate for the pods springing from nodes with only one pod. The length of the pods, the breadth of the pods, number of ovules per ovary and number of fully developed seeds were higher for under pods than for over pods. The corresponding numbers for the single pods were lower than for both over and under pods. The peduncle length was considerably smaller for single pods than for over and under pods in the investigated material. Seed weight per pod was higher for under pods than for over pods and single pods.

scholarly journals Dependence of terms of Iris hybrida hort. flowering on a temperature factor in the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperature Factor ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Degree Correlation ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Iris hybrida hort. is one of the most common flower cultures in the world and is widely used in the design of spring landscape compositions. Researchers have confirmed the wide adaptive capabilities of representatives of the genus Iris L. under various climatic conditions, but a very limited number of varieties has been found in the green plantations of Kryviy Rih (steppe zone of Ukraine). It seems important to study the characteristics of the development of irises in our climatic conditions, taking into account the fact that over the past 30 years the average annual air temperature in Kryvyi Rih has increased by 2°C. The purpose of the research is to analyze the influence of the temperature factor on the generative development of Iris hybrida hort. during climatic changes in the steppe area of Ukraine. The objects of research were varieties of irises, which differed in terms of the beginning of flowering: early-flowering (beginning of flowering in early May), middle-flowering (second decade of May) and late-flowering (third decade of May). Passing of the phases of generative development (beginning of flowering, mass flowering and its total duration) for the last 17 years (2002–2018) has been analyzed. It was revealed that in conditions of the Kryviy Rih Botanical Garden, in 2002–2018, early-flowering Iris hybrida hort. began to flower on the average on 68th day of spring (on May 7), middle-flowering – on 74th day (on May 13), and late-flowering – on 80th day of spring (on May 19). In our climatic conditions, Iris hybrida hort. began flowering at various temperature indices: average daily temperature of air – from 9°C to 24°C, at the accumulation of the sum of effective temperatures above 5°С – for the early-flowering irises within 170-340°С, for the middle-flowering within 260 to 440°С, for the late-flowering within 310 to 500°С. Calculations of the regression dependence of the beginning of the flowering phase on the sum of effective air temperatures above 5°С showed the presence of a direct relationship of moderate degree (correlation coefficient is 0.48). A group of middle-flowering varieties was rather conditional and at the changes of weather, such varieties may correspond to early-flowering or late-flowering plants by the terms of flowering. The terms of the beginning of flowering of the middle-flowering and late-flowering varieties did not significantly change during 2002–2018, whereas early-flowering in the last five years began flowering 5–7 days earlier (April 28 – May 5) and reduced the duration of the decorative effect by 1.5 times. The middle-flowering varieties while reducing the total duration of flowering (by 1.2 times) for the last 17 years began to bloom massively at the end of the second decade of May invariably. The late-flowering varieties for the period of research do not show significant differences in the generative development, duration of flowering does not change in this group.

scholarly journals The seed productivity and similarity of seeds of early flowing plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
O. N. Kurdyukova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Natural Flora

Seed productivity of 22 early flowering plants of the natural flora of the Kamensky geobotanical region, introduced into the culture and used in landscaping, has been established. It was shown that the actual average seed productivity of one individual of various plant species varies from 12 to 373 pcs., And the maximum - from 20 to 448 pcs. seeds, which is 10 to 90% of the potential. In most species, high actual seed productivity is combined with high potential productivity. Field germination of seeds of all plant species was higher when sowing with freshly harvested seeds within 5-14 days after ripening. Storage of seeds at a temperature of 18,0-20,0ºС followed by sowing them in the spring led to a significant decrease in germination.

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