scholarly journals Discussion Intervention of Internal and International Merchant from Foreign Investment Law and New Draft Trade Law of Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Javad Hoseinzadeh ◽  
Amin Rostamzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Investor ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
Commerce Law ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Foreign Commerce

<p>The law makers are trying to compile special and independent commerce law pertinent to each other in the form of law for attracting foreign investment in their countries to grow foreign commerce and attract foreign investor and merchant.</p><p>Comparative discussion of law maker point of view in “foreign investment law approved 2002 of Iran” and “new draft trade law of Iran approved 2011” from legal definition of foreign investor and merchant especially in cases pertinent to intervention and referred to each other are of the most important issues of this article.</p><p>Based on result, as for necessity of attraction Iranian and Non-Iranian merchant by investment with foreign origin, criticism was taken to the new draft trade law of Iran approved 2011 as new law which fundamentally should have dynamic and reliability property based on the needs of modern business and international trade, lack of explicitly pointing to legal gap about legal discrimination between foreign investor and Iranian investor qualified is in the form of foreign investor which in these conditions Iranian investor must be have legal description merchant in discriminatory approach that it is between an Iranian and foreign investor in terms of providing documentation from Iranian and this legal description must be evaluated from a legal standpoint by new draft trade law of Iran approved 2011, to benefit from Iran’s foreign trade facilitation and the way of law enforcement is contrary to the manner of foreign investment and this is the other ambiguity cases law which is discriminate with foreign investment low and needs restoration.</p><p>Specifically suggest this article, separation, adding and determine the condition of subjects the definition of foreign investor and merchant and clarification of the relationship between foreign investment law approved 2002 of Iran and new draft trade law of Iran approved 2011 as commercial law.</p>

scholarly journals O MERCADO DE AMÊNDOAS DE Dipteryx odorada (CUMARU) NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeu Melo da Silva ◽  
Fernando Cristovam da Silva Jardim ◽  
Murilo Da Serra Silva ◽  
Patrícia Shanley
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
The State ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Market Chain ◽  
State Capital ◽  
Foreign Commerce ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata

O presente artigo analisou o mercado de amêndoas de semente de cumaru (Dipteryx odorada (Aubl.) Willd.) no estado do Pará na safra de 2005. As informações secundárias foram obtidas através do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE e do sistema de informação Aliceweb, do Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior. As informações primárias da cadeia foram obtidas através de entrevistas com os agentes envolvidos na comercialização. Os resultados mostram que atualmente os principais países importadores são o Japão, França, Alemanha e China. Aproximadamente 2.700 famílias estão envolvidas no extrativismo de cumaru em todo os estado. As Margens Brutas foram, respectivamente, 20,0 e 15,0% (paras os dois grupos de atravessadores), 33,3 e 46,7%. Já a Markup foi de 75,0% para os atravessadores, 166,7% para as empresas exportadoras do interior e 233,3% para as empresas atacadistas em Belém. No total o Markup foi de 500,0%. O preço do quilo da amêndoa variou de R$ 3,00 para os extrativistas até R$ 18,00 para as empresas atacadistas. Também foi possível averiguar que os responsáveis pelo maior acréscimo de preço no produto são as empresas exportadoras, o que gera ganhos desproporcionais ao longo da cadeia.Palavras-chave: Cadeia produtiva; cumaru; extrativismo. AbstractThe market of cumaru nuts (Dipteryx odorata) in the State of Pará, Brazil. The study aimed to present the results of a market study of cumaru nuts in the State of Pará, for the 2005 harvest. The data used in the research were obtained at the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the exportation information system of the Ministry of Developing, Industry and Foreign Commerce (Aliceweb). The gross profit was R$ 3.00, R$ 2.25, and R$ 7.00/ kg. But the markup was 75.0% for the intermediary, 166.7% for the interior wholesale companies, and 233.3% for the wholesale companies from Belém, the State capital. The total markup from the beginning to the end of the market chain was approximately 500%. The price of the nut ranged from R$ 3.00 for the collectors to R$ 18.00/kg for the wholesale companies. It was observed that the major additions to the product price were imposed by the exporting companies, which generate unequal gains within the chain. There are approximately 2.700 families involved in cumaru nuts collection that are exported mainly to Japan, France, Germany and China.Keywords: Suplly chain; cumaru; extractvism.

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