Digitizing The Land of Genghis Khan: Reforming Mongolia’s Internet Law to Achieve Growth in E-Commerce

In the digital age, the E-signature has replaced the handwritten signature. Since 1995, there have been three generations of E-signature law: the first mandated use of the digital signature, the second recognized the legal validity of all types of E-signatures, and the third recognizes all types of E-signatures, but gives preferred status to the digital signature. Mongolia’s Electronic Signature Law (ESL) is third-generation; it recognizes all types of E-signatures but favors the use of the digital signature. Accreditation requirements are specified for Certification Service Providers (CSP), the issuers of certificates and verifiers to third parties that a digital signature is that of a specific subscriber. The CSP is responsible for maintaining the security of information that it receives from its subscribers. The CSP must inform the subscriber of any limitations on the use of the certificate. If a CSP issues a certificate, it must meet stringent security requirements which can only be achieved with a digital signature. CSPs must maintain a publicly accessible repository of certificates and the public keys which relying third parties can use to decrypt a subscriber’s message. A CSP may incur legal liability for publishing a certificate with inaccurate information or for not issuing a private key to the subscriber corresponding to the public key in the repository. The ESL recognizes the legal validity of certificates issued by CSPs in foreign countries. The author recommends reformation of Mongolia’s E-commerce law by adding: (1) consumer protections for E-commerce participants; (2) several new computer crimes; (3) information technology courts; (4) mandatory E-government; and (5) explicit long-arm jurisdiction.

Rapid Orientation of Students for Emergency Remote Learning during the Covid‑19 Lockdown

In response to the spread of the Covid‑19 pandemic, the President of South Africa declared a national lockdown that commenced on 27 March 2020. This posed numerous challenges to the higher education sector, one of which was the preparation of students forced to stay at home to be able to study remotely under unique and often unfavourable circumstances. This article outlines and reflects on the conceptualisation, development, and implementation of an online orientation programme aimed at preparing students to rapidly move to emergency remote learning as a result of a nationwide lockdown. Teaching and Learning Centre staff in the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management at a South African university rapidly created a short online orientation programme in the institutional Learning Management System, using Salmon’s five-stage model as a conceptual framework. The objective was to enable students to acquire the skills and knowledge required for continuing with the university academic programme from 20 April 2020 via emergency remote learning. The orientation programme covered the priority areas of how to get started in emergency remote learning, broad study skills, how to use the required technologies for learning, and managing personal well‑being during social isolation and emergency remote learning. In this article, the conceptualisation and development of the orientation programme is analysed, before reflecting on its implementation, challenges, mitigating measures, and lessons learned. Feedback from students indicates that the majority of students felt more prepared for continuing the academic programme, although they still reported feeling anxious about the many uncertainties. The intervention emerges as a useful strategy for helping students transition during a crisis and contributes to the understanding of how to prepare students for rapid transition to Emergency Remote Learning.

E-Commerce in the Vietnam Legal System: Review legal framework to be improved to promote e-commerce

Covid-19 spreads around the world with adverse health, economic and financial impacts. This affects the economic and social practices of the countries in general and businesses in particular. The legal e-commerce system and its fate during and after the pandemic are one area that we lawyers have to consider. To assess the condition in and after this health emergency, we are trying to incorporate e-commerce. E-commerce is an amazing and unparalleled phenomenon. We are looking for proof to be persuaded of this. More specifically, we seek to illustrate the processes by which, in our case, the idea of emerging diseases is imposed. We also consider modern e-commerce, legislative and regulatory systems configurations. Our scientific research aims at focusing on issues related to consumer protection in the e-commerce law, including corporate information, uneven business practices, online payment security, data protection and confidentiality, settlement and solutions for disputes, as well as international and national electronic transactions.

Research on the Construction of Cross-border E-commerce Talent Training System

In the second half of 2016, the author of this article signed "Introduction to Cross-border E-commerce", "Comprehensive Training and Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Cross-border E-commerce", "Cross-border E-commerce Single Window Practice", and "Cross-border E-commerce Law" wtih China Machine Press. The author of this article signed "Introduction to Cross-border E-commerce" (Higher Vocational Edition) book publishing contract with the People’s Posts and Telecommunications Publishing House. Due to limited conditions, the author has not yet completed the manuscript. Now, the relevant content of the first chapter of the book "Introduction to Cross-border E-commerce" is briefly processed and published in "Social Science Theory and Practice". Unless otherwise stated, the information in this article is as of December 2016. Starting from the connotation and characteristics of cross-border e-commerce, this paper analyzes the current situation, development stage and driving force of cross-border e-commerce, and innovates the cross-border e-commerce talent training system.