Developmental Psychology and Decision-Making by Minor Patients

2018 ◽  
pp. 111-149
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Developmental Psychology

Can developmental psychology provide a blueprint for the study of adult cognition?

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur B. Markman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
The Core ◽  
In Infants And Children ◽  
Adult Cognition

AbstractIn order to develop sophisticated models of the core domains of knowledge that support complex cognitive processing in infants and children, developmental psychologists have mapped out the content of these knowledge domains. This research strategy may provide a blueprint for advancing research on adult cognitive processing. I illustrate this suggestion with examples from analogical reasoning and decision making.

scholarly journals MEMPERSIAPKAN KEPEMIMPINAN DEMOKRATIS MASA DEPAN MELALUI PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN KEMAMPUAN PERSPECTIVE TAKING DI SEKOLAH

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nanik Yuliati
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
The People ◽  
Leadership Crisis ◽  
Innate Ability

This paper presents a conceptual idea on using psychological approaches, more specifically the use of cognitive and developmental psychology paradigm to addressing leadership crisis that is currently concerned Indonesia. Many of the discussions and posts uploaded on the websites expressed a need for leaders who are more in line with the spirit of reform, namely a credible democratic leader, who sided with the people, egalitarian, and not in ways that authoritarian decision making and policy public. Judging from the paradigm of cognitive psychology, particularly social cognition, the ability to take the perspective of others (perspective taking) plays an important role in influencing the effectiveness of democratic leadership. Therefore, one way to obtain a democratic leader in the future is to develop the ability to take another person's perspective on the younger generation. In this case the educational institution (high school and university) is considered to be the most appropriate environment to host them. From a developmental perspective, perspective taking is a skill that can be developed because it is not an innate ability. Abstrak: Tulisan ini menyajikan suatu gagasan konseptual tentang penggunaan pendekatan psikologis, lebih khusus penggunaan paradigma psikologi kognitif dan perkembangan untuk menangani permasalahan krisis kepemimpinan yang saat ini dirasakan oleh bangsa Indonesia. Banyak kegiatan diskusi dan tulisan yang diunggah di website yang menyatakan adanya kebutuhan untuk memperoleh pemimpin yang lebih sesuai dengan spirit reformasi, yakni pemimpin yang demokratis yang kredibel, yang berpihak pada rakyat, egaliter, dan tidak menggunakan cara-cara yang otoriter dalam membuat keputusan dan kebijakan publik. Dilihat dari paradigma psikologi kognitif, khususnya kognisi sosial, kemampuan mengambil perspektif orang lain memainkan peran penting dalam mempengaruhi keefektifan kepemimpinan demokratis. Oleh karena itu salah satu cara untuk memperoleh pemimpin demokratis di masa depan adalah dengan mengembangkan kemampaun mengambil perspektif orang lain pada generasi muda. Dalam hal ini lembaga pendidikan (sekolah menengah dan universitas) dipandang menjadi lingkungan paling untuk menyelenggarakannya. Dari perspektif perkembangan, kemampuan ini dapat dikembangkan karena bukan merupakan kemampuan bawaan.

scholarly journals Moving Developmental Research Online: Comparing In-Lab and Web-Based Studies of Model-Based Reinforcement Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Nussenbaum ◽  
Maximilian Scheuplein ◽  
Camille V. Phaneuf ◽  
Michael D. Evans ◽  
Catherine A. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Abstract Reasoning ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Model Based

For years, adult psychological research has benefitted from web-based data collection. There is growing interest in harnessing this approach to facilitate data collection from children and adolescents to address foundational questions about cognitive development. To date, however, few studies have directly tested whether findings from in-lab developmental psychology tasks can be replicated online, particularly in the domain of value-based learning and decision-making. To address this question, we set up a pipeline for online data collection with children, adolescents, and adults, and conducted a replication of Decker et al. (2016). The original in-lab study employed a sequential decision-making paradigm to examine shifts in value-learning strategies from childhood to adulthood. Here, we used the same paradigm in a sample of 151 children (N = 50; ages 8 - 12 years), adolescents (N = 50; ages 13 - 17 years), and adults (N = 51; ages 18 - 25 years) and replicated the main finding that the use of a “model-based” learning strategy increases with age. In addition, we adapted a new index of abstract reasoning (MaRs-IB; Chierchia et al. 2019) for use online, and replicated a key result from Potter et al. (2017), which found that abstract reasoning ability mediated the relation between age and model-based learning. Our re-analyses of two previous in-lab datasets alongside our analysis of our online dataset revealed few qualitative differences across task administrations. These findings suggest that with appropriate precautions, researchers can effectively examine developmental differences in learning computations through unmoderated, online experiments.

Restrictive and dynamic conceptions of the unconscious: Perspectives from moral and developmental psychology

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Gordon P. D. Ingram ◽  
Karolina Prochownik
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Weak Point ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Unconscious Processes

AbstractNewell & Shanks' (N&S's) conceptualization of the unconscious is overly restrictive, compared to standard social psychological accounts. The dichotomy between distal and proximal cues is a weak point in their argument and does not circumvent the existence of unconscious influences on decision making. Evidence from moral and developmental psychology indicates that decision making results from a dynamic mixture of conscious and unconscious processes.

Discarding optimality: Throwing out the baby with the bathwater?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Simen ◽  
Fuat Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Reward Rate ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Standard Observer ◽  
Rate Maximization ◽  
Reward Rate Maximization ◽  
Descriptive Standard ◽  
Observer Model

AbstractRahnev & Denison (R&D) argue against normative theories and in favor of a more descriptive “standard observer model” of perceptual decision making. We agree with the authors in many respects, but we argue that optimality (specifically, reward-rate maximization) has proved demonstrably useful as a hypothesis, contrary to the authors’ claims.

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