6. Educating the Children of Migrant Workers in Rural Areas

2009 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Children Of Migrant Workers

Predictors of loneliness among the left-behind children of migrant workers in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cut Maghfirah Faisal ◽  
Sherly Saragih Turnip
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parental Presence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Children Of Migrant Workers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare loneliness between the left-behind children of migrant workers and the non-left-behind ones, and identify the most significant predictors of loneliness among the left-behind children. Design/methodology/approach Incidental sampling was performed to select 629 participants aged 11–16 from 5 schools in the rural areas of Karawang and Lombok in Indonesia. They filled in paper-and-pencil self-report inventories. Findings Left-behind children were significantly lonelier than their counterparts were. Emotional loneliness was more affected by parental absence compared to social loneliness. Left-behind children would be more susceptible to experience loneliness if they had more access to entertainment gadgets, experienced less support and intimacy from friends, had been left by their migrant parents more than once, were female, had low self-esteem, experienced emotional difficulties and rarely communicated with their parents. Research limitations/implications Qualitative research was needed to provide more elaborative explanation about the findings. Practical implications Parents needed to consider the psychological cost and benefit of working abroad to their children. Governments could intervene by limiting the duration and frequency of work among the migrant workers. Social implications Some beneficial implications to prevent and reduce loneliness among left-behind children were provided, such as by maintaining the frequency and quality of communication with the children, motivating and guiding the children to interact with their peers and spend less time on entertainment gadgets, as well as encouraging the children to engage in several positive activities to enhance their self-esteem. Originality/value This study enriched the understanding about complex relationship between parental presence and adolescents’ mental health despite the fact that adolescents seemed to be more interested in relationships with peers.

An Analysis of Restraints on Effective Demand for Loans in Rural China

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
Minxin He ◽  
Xinyu Zhong ◽  
Shengsong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Choice

China’s overall economic growth is, to a great extent, hindered by the lack of economic growth in rural areas. Based on data from the Thousand-Village Survey (2015) of 31 provinces conducted by Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, we conduct this empirical study to analyze the current state of rural financial services and the factors influencing effective demand for loans in rural China. Looking at the demand side, in 2014, only 13.91% farmers had loans, and only 15.53% of them made financial institutions their first choice when they needed loans. Clearly, there is still much to do with regard to inclusive finance. From the perspective of the supply side, only 43.86% of dispersed loans can be categorized as productive loans, further reflecting that the financial services industry does not provide strong support for rural economic growth. Further study shows that the main factors influencing effective demand for productive loans are the population age structure and the rate at which migrant workers return home. Therefore, the "Second-Child" policy and policies that encourage migrant workers to go back home to start businesses are of vital importance in order to raise effective financial demand in rural China.

scholarly journals Current Trends of the State Regulation of International Labor Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (515) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
V. V. Lagodiienko ◽  
◽  
O. V. Shvets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Regional Labor

The problem of labor migration in Ukraine has become relevant in recent years, as it significantly affects the socio-economic development of both donor and recipient countries. As a complex economic phenomenon, labor migration changes the composition of labor resources, creates a new situation in labor markets, exacerbates the demographic situation in the country. The article is concerned with the analysis of problems of labor migration of economically active population in Ukraine and aspects of formation of the State policy of regulation of migration processes. The purpose of the article is theoretical substantiation, development of scientific and methodological bases and practical recommendations aimed at improving the system of regulation of international migration of economically active population in the context of globalization in order to obtain socio-economic benefits from the State participation in migration processes, etc. In the process of detailed analysis of the characteristics of migrants, clear trends in modern migration processes have been identified: migrants mainly are from rural areas of the west of the country; migrant workers are mostly men; younger people and rural residents predominate among migrant workers; people with higher education are less likely to migrate, while people with vocational education are overrepresented among migrant workers; migrants risk losing skills, etc. The mechanism of regulation of migration flows is substantiated – as a set of measures of influence of the State bodies on migration objects in order to ensure the optimal level of migration that meets the needs of the national / regional labor market and helps stabilize the macroeconomic situation in the country / region; tasks of the mechanism are defined. Functioning and effective development of mechanisms for regulating labor migration processes, as a special tool for the transformation of regional labor markets – combines socio-cultural, research and economic functions, necessitates an interdisciplinary approach to substantiate the increase of the competitiveness of the latter. The scientific basis of this approach is the methodology of institutional analysis – a set of concepts, principles and provisions based on the theories of human, intellectual and migratory capital, institutional economics, the theory of territorial migration systems and more.

Introduction: Labor in a Changing China

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renqiu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Socialist Country ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Chinese Workers

The experiences of the Chinese workers illustrate most dramatically the profound changes taking place in contemporary China. No longer the “leading class” in a socialist country, as proclaimed in the Constitution, many of them, especially the migrant workers from rural areas and the retired, the laid-off, the new urban poor, and farmers, are now reduced to being “the weak groups.” They are voiceless and defenseless, the most vulnerable and desperate people in a society that is rapidly transforming itself through marketization and globalization.

STRUKTUR POLA ASUH ANAK TENAGA KERJA WANITA DI MADURA

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-68
Author(s):  
Heni Listiana
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Children Of Migrant Workers ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Female Migrant

Discussions about children and female migrant workers (TKW) are always in interesting issue. Especially, related to child care. By using data extraction techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation, it is known that parenting children of migrant workers in Madura has formed a new structure with the emergence of a second mother. There are three types of second mothers, namely grandmother,  bu de (mother's brother or sister), and sister of TKW's child. They carry out the role of mother, among them being a model of children's behavior that is easily observed and imitated, becomes an educator, becomes a consultant, and becomes a source of information. Nearly 77% of grandmothers become maternal substitutes for migrant workers' children. Grandmother is considered the right person to do childcare tasks. This structure is called the inner parenting structure. While the structure of outside parenting takes the form of community participation in child care, namely good neighbors, the attention of the village head (Klebun), and the environment of friends and schools.   Pembahasan tentang anak dan Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW) selalu menjadi isu yang menarik. Terutama yang berkaitan dengan pola asuh anak. Dengan menggunakan teknik penggalian data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi diketahui bahwa pola asuh anak TKW di Madura membentuk struktur baru dengan munculnya ibu pengganti (second mother). Ada tiga jenis ibu pengganti, yaitu nenek, bu de (kakak atau adik ibu), serta kakak dari anak TKW. Mereka menjalankan peran ibu diantaranya menjadi model tingkah laku anak yang mudah diamati dan ditiru, menjadi pendidik, menjadi konsultan, dan menjadi sumber informasi. Hampir 77% nenek menjadi sosok pengganti ibu bagi anak-anak TKW. Nenek dianggap sebagai sosok yang tepat untuk melakukan tugas-tugas pengasuhan anak. Struktur ini disebut dengan struktur pola asuh dalam. Sementara struktur pola asuh luar itu berwujud peran serta masyarakat dalam pengasuhan anak yaitu tetangga yang baik, perhatian kepala desa (Klebun), dan lingkungan teman dan sekolah.

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