Problems Faced by Green Towns Based on the Rural Revitalization Strategy: Taking Qiaoshi Town as an Example

The rural revitalization strategy is the main strategy proposed by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2020 emphasized that after the comprehensive victory in the fight against poverty, the focus of China’s work on the “three rural areas” had shifted historically, i.e., to comprehensively promote Rural revitalisation. The study of the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization in the new development stage is of great theoretical value and practical significance to the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. The state has put forward new requirements of revitalization and construction of rural areas from top to bottom. This article briefly analyzes the problems faced by rural revival based on the perspective of ecological civilization. It takes Qiaoshi Town as an example to explain the main methods of promoting rural regeneration from the perspective of ecological civilization. I hope this article’s research content can bring certain value and enlightenment to the activation of rural ecosystems in various places.

Prioritize the Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas, and Comprehensively Promote Rural Revitalization

Without agricultural and rural modernization, there would be no national modernization, and without rural revitalization, there would be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that the goal of “giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization” is to increase efforts to continue the work of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” and to continue the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization to make agricultural modernization, comprehensive rural progress, and comprehensive rural development. develop. Consolidating the basics Agriculture is the cornerstone of people’s stability and the key to national governance with a population of 1.4 billion. Agriculture must be developed. No matter where industrialization and urbanization are advanced, villages must not perish, and cities and rural areas must coexist. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, if in the process of modernization, “the city is prosperous on one side and the countryside is on the other side”, “this kind of modernization cannot be successful”. To comprehensively build a new path for a modern socialist country, we must follow the objective laws of economic development, make the resolution of “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” the top priority of the party’s work, insist on giving priority to development, and comprehensively promote rural revitalization. The general trend of taking the realization of socialist modernization as the long-term goal.

Men’s Explanations for Being Childless; a dynamic perspective

Research on childlessness in contemporary society still focuses mainly on women. This article conversely examines childlessness among men in Czechia – a European post-socialist country in which becoming a parent was a strong social norm before 1989. This article asks how men’s explanations for being childless or childfree change over time and what this says about changing norms attached to parenthood in different historical and social contexts. It draws on an analysis of 24 problem-centred interviews conducted in two rounds about a decade apart on the same sample of child-less or free men. This approach is not usually applied in research on this subject. In the first interviews, the men’s narratives mainly reveal their different views on the impact the post-1989 social transformation had on their lives in relation to their perceived resources and life chances. The follow-up interviews show how the men’s views on their lives change with age, the different emphasis they place on free choice versus the effect of external factors over time, and the narrow line that they construct between ‘involuntary’ and ‘voluntary’ childlessness. The narratives of child-less or free men unveil that the norm of becoming a parent is growing weaker in Czech society, but age norms and the norms regarding pathways to parenthood are still strong. The article seeks to understand how Czech men construct their childlessness over time, thus contributing to the discussion of childlessness among men and filling the gap in knowledge on men’s childlessness in CEE.

The wall unit: State policy and the emergence of fashion in People’s Poland

Consumption in modern, capitalist countries is studied through the lens of fashion. We claim that it is fruitful to apply the concept of fashion to an analysis of consumption in a modern socialist country. By using the example of the wall unit, we discuss the emergence of fashion through the mechanism of state policy in Poland under the Communist regime. The socialist state was responsible for the propagation and implementation of modernity. The idea of progress was internalized by citizens and enacted by social emulation. Additionally, our study reveals that social class was a means of determining different attitudes toward fashion: members of the working class saw value in imitation and exact copying (revealing a monocentric approach to fashion) while the middle class engaged in a polycentric approach, that is, they valued individual creativity, mixed various styles, and were inspired by trends from western countries.

The influence of transport offer on passenger traffic in the railway transport system in a post-socialist country: case study of Poland

The study examines factors influencing the number of rail passengers in Poland. The subjects of observation were 62 cities with poviat rights. The main factors influencing demand are the number of connections and the speed of trains. Therefore, we developed an original indicator – weighted number of connections, which takes into account the number of rail connections and the speed of trains. The article can be divided into two main parts: an assessment of the diversification of transport offer and transport demand in spatial terms, and an evaluation of the relationship between the variables. Poland has a large spatial diversity in terms of public rail transport offer and passenger traffic. There are three levels of city hierarchy according to the passenger number indicator: [1] Warsaw, [2] the largest agglomerations [3] other regional cities. Transport offer was found to have a statistically significant impact on transport demand.

Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin as highly cited researchers? Historical bibliometrics study

The motivation for our research is the view, widespread among Polish scientists, that under the Communist Party’s rule it was always necessary to refer to Marx, Engels, Lenin or Stalin (we call them ‘classics’), especially in the highly-politicised fields like humanities and social sciences, in order for the work to pass the censorship procedures and be published. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to determine whether the 'classics' were commonly cited in a formally socialist country under the rule of the Communist Party (Polish Workers' Party/Polish United Workers’ Party). To address the main research question, we use the Citation Index of the History of Polish Media that covers all publications, whether scholarly articles or book publications, on the history of Polish media; in total, 6880 publications and 59,827 citations from the 1945‒2009 period. We found that citations of the works of the ‘classics’ (N = 296) constitute 0.49% of all citations in the database used and that the practice of citing the 'classics' was extremely rare (just 64 occurrences in the analysed sample). Our research also contributes to the development of reflection in historical bibliometrics and argues that bibliographical databases need to cover various types of publications, especially scholarly book publications, written in different languages (not only in English).

Fuir la périphérie, ou comment la Pologne a voulu créer son image dans le premier, le second et le tiers monde. Étude des traductions des mensuels « La Pologne », « Polsko » et « La Revue Polonaise » en 1968

The paper deals with the image strategies of People’s Poland as a peripheral country based on an analysis of the elements of its foreign cultural policy carried out through translations in 1968. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the three versions of the review Polska. Czasopismo Ilustrowane [Poland. Illustrated Magazine], created to promote Poland in the world, is based on P. Bourdieu’s concept of capital. We start from two hypotheses: the first one about the valuation of cultural capital in the versions of the review addressed to capitalist (La Pologne. Revue Mensuelle) and socialist (Polsko. Obrázkový časopis) countries. The second — on the promotion of Poland’s economic and political capital in the version for “third world countries” (La Revue Polonaise. Magazine Illustré). Generally, both hypotheses are confirmed. The analysis also shows variations of the image strategies depending on the target readers: westernisation (emphasis on cultural ties to the West) and victimisation (Poland as a victim of history) in the version for the “first world”; strategy of utopia (emphasis on the achievements of a socialist country) in the version for the “second world”; idealisation (Poland as a peaceful, economically developed country) in the “third world” version. These strategies correspond to the key word of the political elites’ policy, “fleeing the periphery”.

From the history of the soviet political economy of socialism: «the Stalin trap»

The article is devoted to the influence on the evolution of the Soviet political economy of the statement of I.V. Stalin, which appeared in 1936, about the implementation in the USSR of «basically the first phase of communism-socialism». This formulation became canonical and was not questioned throughout the Soviet period. Reacting to the apparent inconsistencies of socio-economic practice with classical Marxist ideas about socialism, some political economists went out of criticism of Marxism, leaning towards essentially non-Marxist interpretations of socialism in general and Soviet socialism in particular. Other scholars have sought ways to reconcile Soviet reality with the Marxist classics by improving the former, while remaining convinced that the USSR is a completely socialist country. Why did this Stalinist formula appear and was sincerely accepted, including for theoretical reasons, by the scientific community? In what historical and methodological plane could the problem of a completely Marxist interpretation of Soviet socialism be adequately resolved? The answers to these questions are offered by the author of the article.