3. The Failed State And Regional Dimensions Of Somali Piracy

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2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Pollack
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2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (729) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Cooley
Keyword(s):  

Intensified geopolitical competition … could further destabilize the country and change it from a collapsing state into a bona fide failed state.


Author(s):  
Bramantyo Tri Asmoro

ABSTRAKAustralia setiap tahun mempunyai kebijakan bantuan luar negeri yang difokuskan pada kawasan Asia Pasifik. Untuk kawasan Pasifik Selatan, Australia memfokuskan pada negara-negara Melanesia seperti Papua Nugini, Solomon Islands, Fiji dan Vanuatu. Namun sejak tahun 2001, Australia meningkatkan bantuan finansial ke sebuah negara kecil bernama Nauru. Nauru terletak di kawasan Micronesia dan mempunyai ukuran yang sangat kecil. Dibandingkan dengan negara Pasifik Selatan lainnya, bantuan Australia ke Nauru cenderung terus meningkat. Fakta ini menimbulkan suatu pertanyaan, mengapa Australia meningkatkan bantuan finansialnya ke Nauru, khusunya sejak tahun 2001?Dalam menjawab pertanyaan di atas, penulis menggunakan teori motivasi bantuan luar negeri, kemanan regional, dan konsep pertahanan Australia, yaitu continental defence. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Australia meningkatkan bantuan finansial ke Nauru karena ingin menjaga keamanan regional. Nauru terancam menjadi negara gagal hingga dapat memberikan efek yang buruk terhadap keamanan regional Pasifik Selatan.   Kata Kunci : bantuan luar negeri, keamanan regional, negara gagal. ABSTRACTAustralia has foreign aid policy distributed to Asia Pacific region annually. Specifically for South Pacific region, Melanesian countries such as Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji and Vanuatu had always been main priorities. But since 2001, Australia increased its financial aid to Nauru, a small country located in Micronesia. Compared to other countries in South Pacific, Australia's financial aid to Nauru tends to increase. This fact raise a question about why Australia increased its financial aid to Nauru, especially since 2001?  To answer the question, the writer use foreign aid motivation theory, regional security, and Australia's defence concept, continental defence. The result of this research is, Australia increased its financial aid to Nauru because Australia want to maintain regional security. Nauru is potential failed state that can disturbed regional security in South PacificKeywords : failed state, foreign aid, regional security


2019 ◽  
pp. 44-74
Author(s):  
Justin Yifu Lin ◽  
Célestin Monga

This chapter refutes the linear and almost teleological approach in vogue in development economics on political and financial institutions. It briefly discusses the theoretical issues at hand and suggests that policies take into account the requirements of both time and place, which emphasizes the importance of the development level. The chapter acknowledges that institutional development problems are indeed major impediments to economic growth. But contrary to conventional wisdom, it argues that they are often correlated with the level of economic development. Seen from that perspective, the well-known weaknesses in the governance and financial sectors of many poor countries today often reflect their low level of development and the results of failed state interventions and distortions originating from erroneous economic development strategies.


Author(s):  
Y. Amirian ◽  
A. Khodadadi

The consecutive linear [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]:F system consists of [Formula: see text] linear ordered components and the consecutive circular [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]:F system consists of [Formula: see text] circular ordered components. In this paper, we suggest, for the first time, modeling and exact reliability for these models. The linear system fails if and only if there exists a [Formula: see text]-order statistic of [Formula: see text]-consecutive [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] of components in the failed state, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; and the circular system fails if and only if there exists a [Formula: see text]-order statistic of [Formula: see text]-consecutive [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] of components in the failed state, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we designed an innovative algorithm to obtain the exact reliability for an extensive class of consecutive linear and circular systems. In continuation, there are the MATLAB Programs of exact reliability for consecutive linear and circular systems. In the following, we applied comparative and numerical results and calculated the exact reliability of this strategic systems. Finally, we calculated the exact reliability for two real-world practical examples.


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