Identification of Critical Components in the Complex Technical Infrastructure of the Large Hadron Collider Using Relief Feature Ranking and Support Vector Machines

This work proposes a data-driven methodology for identifying critical components in Complex Technical Infrastructures (CTIs), for which the functional logic and/or the system structure functions are not known due the CTI’s complexity and evolving nature. The methodology uses large amounts of CTI monitoring data acquired over long periods of time and under different operating conditions. The critical components are identified as those for which the condition monitoring signals permit the optimal classification of the CTI functioning or failed state. The methodology includes two stages: in the first stage, a feature selection filter method based on the Relief technique is used to rank the monitoring signals according to their importance with respect to the CTI functioning or failed state; the second stage identifies the subset of signals among those highlighted by the Relief technique that are most informative with respect to the CTI state. This identification is performed on the basis of evaluating the performance of a Cost-Sensitive Support Vector Machine (CS-SVM) classifier trained with several subsets of the candidate signals. The capabilities of the methodology proposed are assessed through its application to different benchmarks of highly imbalanced datasets, showing performances that are competitive to those obtained by other methods presented in the literature. The methodology is finally applied to the monitoring signals of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), a CTI for experiments of physics; the criticality of the identified components has been confirmed by CERN experts.

Analysing New York Times Opinion “Is America Becoming a Failed State?” Under the Perspective of Appraisal Framework: A Systemic Functional Linguistics Implementation

The contestation of America’s presidency in 2020 showed a very competitive and strict run. Both candidates provided arguments and attacked each other in public discussion rooms. However, it is a typical of a normal election where there will be always campaigns from the candidates to persuade and to gain public’s votes as much as possible. Therefore, the 2020 presidential election of America feels unusual compared to the previous. Besides it was conducted within the pandemic outbreak, the high tension of global conflict issues and internal social-economic problems of America caused the contestation becoming hotter and noteworthy. Regardless of its final result, it is really interesting to discuss the discourses appeared in the public room regarding the issue. New York Times, one of the leading media in USA provides the room for publics to participate in writing their opinion. This study tried to analyse a writing written in opinion column entitled “Is America Becoming a Failed State?” using appraisal system. The discourse was analysed in the three aspects of White’s appraisal framework namely attitude, graduation, and engagement. Under the scope of critical discourse analysis, this study aimed to elucidate the appraisal aspects found in the text regarding public’s opinion and its standing points to the issue. This study is a descriptive qualitative and the data were collected from an article in New York Times. The discussion was also connected to some external factors besides the three aspects mentioned such as political, economic, and socio-cultural factors.

A Rich Place, a Poor State

This chapter analyzes the history of the state of Veracruz between 1880 and 1945. It charts the social impact of industrialization, the beginnings of oil extraction and the economic take off of the Porfiriato. It explores the notably low impact of the armed revolution on that economy, and the subsequent gains of organized labour and agrarian radicals in the 1920s and 30s in real wages, land, and political representation. Generals gave way to civilians and graduates in government, and a young generation of veracruzanos led by Miguel Alemán began their ascent to power in Mexico City. At the same time, however, in Alemán’s homeland peasant and labour movements fractured, the power of the military and violent landowners grew, corruption flourished, and the economy stalled. By the early 1940s Veracruz was a failed state.

Modeling and Exact Reliability for a Consecutive Linear (k1,k2,…,kn−r+1)-Out-of-r-from-n: F System and Consecutive Circular (k1,k2,…,kn)-Out-of-r-from-n: F System

The consecutive linear [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]:F system consists of [Formula: see text] linear ordered components and the consecutive circular [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]:F system consists of [Formula: see text] circular ordered components. In this paper, we suggest, for the first time, modeling and exact reliability for these models. The linear system fails if and only if there exists a [Formula: see text]-order statistic of [Formula: see text]-consecutive [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] of components in the failed state, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; and the circular system fails if and only if there exists a [Formula: see text]-order statistic of [Formula: see text]-consecutive [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] of components in the failed state, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we designed an innovative algorithm to obtain the exact reliability for an extensive class of consecutive linear and circular systems. In continuation, there are the MATLAB Programs of exact reliability for consecutive linear and circular systems. In the following, we applied comparative and numerical results and calculated the exact reliability of this strategic systems. Finally, we calculated the exact reliability for two real-world practical examples.

Chechen Refugees: A Forgotten History of Caucasus; Who Remembers & Who Cares?

Refugees; a term of fears, tensions, worries, crisis, fairy tales, stereotypes, and lots of fearful things. But if we observe the background history of refugees, a rich and wealthy history drifted in front of us. Chechen refugees are one of them. Right now, Chechnya is Russian federal territory and located in the eastern part of northern Caucasus region. If there would be a statistic of deportation from the homeland; Chechnya might be got the first rank over the world. They have exiled several times and replaced again and again exiled. This study will analyse Chechen refugees’ situation from a historical background to the present time with references. After a momentary description this study focuses on Chechens failed state formation process followed by the recent scattered situation of Chechens in different countries and finally discusses a recommendation on them.

Availability and cost assessment of systems with dormant failure undergoing sequential inspections

PurposeThe system encountering dormant failure subject to sequential inspections is modeled and the emphasis is made on determining the availability and long-run average cost rate for the model. The derived results are then utilized to obtain the optimal inspection period minimizing the cost.Design/methodology/approachExplicitly, a system with a functional and a failed state is taken into account. Inspections are performed to reveal the dormant failures and are assumed to be carried out at time T, T + aT, T + aT+a2 T, … where 0 < a = 1 in each cycle. Perfect repairs taking random times are performed if the system is found in a failed state during any inspection.FindingsSome theorems on the point availability, limiting availability and long-run average cost rate are obtained in the study. An illustration is shown to explain the results obtained in the proposed work. The effect of inspection time on the availability and cost rate is also analyzed graphically.Originality/valueThe availability and cost rate for a system with dormant failure under a sequential inspection policy are figured out unlike previous research.