Mechanisms of 1s Double-Core-Hole Excitation and Decay in Neon

The formation and decay of double-core-hole (DCH) states of the neon ion irradiated by an intense electromagnetic x-ray field are studied theoretically. In the present research DCH formation is the result of sequential absorption of two photons with the creation of an intermediate ion. Detailed calculations of the partial decays and probabilities of shake-ups at the atomic and ionic ionization stages are presented. The angular distribution of photoelectrons corresponding to various residual ionic states are calculated. Specifically, we predict the lack of any photoelectrons corresponding to the residual ionic state 1s12s22pnmpn′2Sf+1D in the direction of the electric field polarization. Dynamical competition between single-core-hole state decay and excitation is analyzed and pulse parameters corresponding to various dynamical regimes are found.

Level Density of the Pre Compound Nucleus Calculations for [28 60Ni], [28 58Ni], Using Exciton Model

The level density for the pre compound [28 60Ni],[2858Ni], at certain exciton number, are calculated for one &two component system based on Ericson's formula. The Pauli, Slight and Pairing correction are examined with the behavior of the level density for one & two components. The particle – hole state density has been calculated by means of the energy dependence of excited number in [28 60Ni], [2858Ni]. The present results are compared between one &two component with Pauli, Slight and Pairing correction. The Pairing correction has a major effect in the present calculations. Keyword: level density, Exciton model, [28 60Ni],[2858Ni], , Formula ESM.

Global Nonlinear Stability of Schwarzschild Spacetime under Polarized Perturbations

One of the major outstanding questions about black holes is whether they remain stable when subject to small perturbations. An affirmative answer to this question would provide strong theoretical support for the physical reality of black holes. This book takes an important step toward solving the fundamental black hole stability problem in general relativity by establishing the stability of nonrotating black holes — or Schwarzschild spacetimes — under so-called polarized perturbations. This restriction ensures that the final state of evolution is itself a Schwarzschild space. Building on the remarkable advances made in the past fifteen years in establishing quantitative linear stability, the book introduces a series of new ideas to deal with the strongly nonlinear, covariant features of the Einstein equations. Most preeminent among them is the general covariant modulation (GCM) procedure that allows them to determine the center of mass frame and the mass of the final black hole state. Essential reading for mathematicians and physicists alike, the book introduces a rich theoretical framework relevant to situations such as the full setting of the Kerr stability conjecture.

Theoretical investigation on structural and magnetic properties of Mn-doped and C co-doped Zn12Se12 nanoclusters

Background: Mn doped ZnSe low dimensional materials are attractive for different biological labels, gene silencing and dilute-magnetic device. ZnSe clusters are one of the basic building blocks of quantum dots and even clusterassembled nanodevices, Stable structures of undoped ZnSe clusters were established by previous pioneering work, and the Mn doped ZnSe clusters had been investigated, but the stable cluster in ferromagnetic state haven't been found yet. Objective: Our work mainly concentrates on Mn doped clusters (Mn2Zn10Se12) and C codoped clusters (Mn2Zn10CSe11) structure, magnetic properties through theoretical calculations. Methods: First principle density functional theory calculation with Dmol3 are used to execute all calculations. Results: Mn atoms prefer to substitute nearest neighbor Zn atom sites in rhombi part, and C atom prefers to occupy Se atom sites with shortest Mn-C bond length in Zn12Se12 nanocluster doping. Mn doped clusters (Mn2Zn10Se12) were in antiferromagnetic states and the most stable C codoped clusters (Mn2Zn10CSe11) were in ferromagnetic states. Magnetic behavior localized at the 3d orbitals of transitional metal Mn, 4p orbital of atom Se and 2p orbital of C atom. Mn2Zn10Se12 clusters were in antiferromagnetic states as the p-d hybridization introduced Mn-Mn superexchange mechanism. For the ferromagnetism of Mn2Zn10Se12 nanocluster, hole mediated double exchange mechanism introduced by C atom p-d hole state hybridization has been suggested. Conclusion: The codoping of C atom can stabilize the ferromagnetism of clusters through hole mediated double exchange mechanism, which may be meaningful for the exploring materials for cluster-assembled spin-electronic devices.

Relational orientation of triadic supply chains with structural holes: an empirical comparison of rents derived from bridging the structural holes

Purpose First, the paper aims to explore the ability of the actor sitting on the structural hole to achieve the additional rent, which is modeled as the outcome of joint effect between the relational performances of two dyads (supplier–buyer and buyer–customer) within the triadic supply chains. Second, the paper seeks to empirically compare the value of additional rent among different structural hole states of triadic supply chains. Design/methodology/approach Building upon the theoretical tenets of social capital theory, complemented by the underpinnings of relational view, this research uses survey data gathered from the triadic supply chains in Europe. To conduct necessary processing, the multivariate statistical analyses have been performed. Findings The findings suggest that the rent is actually yielded by the actors bridging the structural hole in the triadic supply chain; however, its value, as evidenced in the study, is diverse regarding the specific structural hole state. More specifically, the highest value of rent is generated by the buyer establishing cooperative posture of both dyads in the triadic supply chains. The value of rent close to zero is revealed in the triadic supply chains with negative relational posture of both dyads. Interestingly, the lowest level of rent produced by the buyer from bridging the structural hole is reported with the triadic supply chains in which one dyad demonstrates a more cooperative relational posture, whereas the other one indicates an adversarial relational posture. Not only does this result suggest that there is no rent, but it even goes further to indicate a negative return (or loss) derived by the manufacturer in this group of triadic supply chains. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to the relational posture, either strong or weak; therefore, it would be worthwhile to examine a wider spectrum of behaviors, based on the adversarial relationships, deprived of mutual trust, when both actors in a dyad act opportunistically and antagonistically. Moreover, regarding the research method used, the case study is usually deemed to be more appropriate to deeply grasp the complex issues of social behavior. Finally, caution should also be exercised while generalizing the results obtained from the research. Practical implications For practicing supply chain managers, this study points that that it is likely that both actors collaborating with the buyer (the supplier and the customer) also enjoy additional benefits offered by the rent. Importantly for managers, regardless of the effort made by the focal actor, the careless attitude and independence of suppliers and customers may make it hard or even impossible for the buyer to establish triads that include relationships of high quality. Social implications In terms of social implications, this study brings to the fore that not only are the buyers driven by self-interest but they may be also guided by ethical and social rules when interacting with suppliers and customers in their triads. This research evidenced that the buyer in the triadic supply chain can act as the moderator that tends to simultaneously establish a strong relational posture to two other actors in such a way that the joint effect of relational performance generated by both dyads significantly contributes to the higher level of buyer’s individual performance. Originality/value The study investigates whether and how establishing relational posture of two dyads in the triadic supply chains can affect the additional rent for the buyer derived from bridging the structural hole.