cia office of current intelligence intelligence memorandum status of soviet military assistance to north vietnam april 15 1965 top secret dinar

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Assistance ◽  
North Vietnam

“China’s Military Assistance to North Vietnam Revisited”

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-256
Author(s):  
Chengzhi Yin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
North Vietnam

North Vietnam announced its intention to unify its country with armed struggle in 1959. Thereafter, Hanoi consistently requested military assistance from the People’s Republic of China (prc). However, Beijing did not grant Hanoi’s request until 1962. Why did the prc agree to provide military assistance to North Vietnam? This article argues that China did so because the United States greatly increased its military presence in South Vietnam in late 1961 and 1962. Therefore, Beijing provided military assistance to Hanoi to secure China’s southern border. Employing primary sources, this study traces changes in Beijing’s attitude toward its Vietnam policy from 1958 to 1962. It shows that when U.S. military presence was limited, Beijing paid more attention to the avoidance of war with the United States and maintaining a hospitable environment in neighboring Indochina. However, when the prc perceived the U.S. presence as a threat to its security, the objective of seeking security overwhelmed other objectives.

The Hereditary Agreement of 1511

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Scott
Keyword(s):  
Military Assistance ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Status ◽  
Final Composition

Verdicts on the Swiss War now agree that it was a local conflict which spun out of control. In its aftermath the Confederation reached its final composition, with the admission of Basel and Schaffhausen as full members in 1501 and Appenzell in 1513. Were existing treaties to apply to the new members? Yet the status of Konstanz was still not resolved. Only when Konstanz was stripped of its effective independence in 1510 was Maximilian prepared to sign the Hereditary Agreement with the Swiss the following year. While continuing the provisions of the Perpetual Accord of 1474, the agreement forswore any military assistance, but contained a non-aggression clause and a prohibition on accepting each other’s subjects into a protective alliance (Burgrecht).

Vietnamese Historical Writing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pelley
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
East Asian ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Southern State ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Political Function ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
North Vietnam

This chapter demonstrates how the process of decolonization and the ensuing separation of Vietnam into a northern and southern state as part of the Cold War in Asia led to different types of history-writing. In both Vietnamese regimes, the writing of history had to serve the state, and in both countries historians emphasized its political function. Whereas North Vietnam located itself in an East Asian and Marxist context, historians of South Vietnam positioned it within a Southeast Asian setting and took a determinedly anti-communist position. After 1986—over a decade after reunification—with past tensions now relaxed, the past could be revaluated more openly under a reformist Vietnamese government that now also permitted much greater interaction with foreign historians.

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