Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. American Thoracic Society and The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

1994 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 1359-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Bass ◽  
L S Farer ◽  
P C Hopewell ◽  
R O'Brien ◽  
R F Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

scholarly journals Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lewinsohn ◽  
Michael K. Leonard ◽  
Philip A. LoBue ◽  
David L. Cohn ◽  
Charles L. Daley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

Abstract Background. Individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may develop symptoms and signs of disease (tuberculosis disease) or may have no clinical evidence of disease (latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI]). Tuberculosis disease is a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet many questions related to its diagnosis remain. Methods. A task force supported by the American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America searched, selected, and synthesized relevant evidence. The evidence was then used as the basis for recommendations about the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and LTBI in adults and children. The recommendations were formulated, written, and graded using the Grading, Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results. Twenty-three evidence-based recommendations about diagnostic testing for latent tuberculosis infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis are provided. Six of the recommendations are strong, whereas the remaining 17 are conditional. Conclusions. These guidelines are not intended to impose a standard of care. They provide the basis for rational decisions in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the context of the existing evidence. No guidelines can take into account all of the often compelling unique individual clinical circumstances.

scholarly journals Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. e1-e33 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lewinsohn ◽  
Michael K. Leonard ◽  
Philip A. LoBue ◽  
David L. Cohn ◽  
Charles L. Daley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

Abstract Background. Individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may develop symptoms and signs of disease (tuberculosis disease) or may have no clinical evidence of disease (latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI]). Tuberculosis disease is a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet many questions related to its diagnosis remain. Methods. A task force supported by the American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America searched, selected, and synthesized relevant evidence. The evidence was then used as the basis for recommendations about the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and LTBI in adults and children. The recommendations were formulated, written, and graded using the Grading, Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results. Twenty-three evidence-based recommendations about diagnostic testing for latent tuberculosis infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis are provided. Six of the recommendations are strong, whereas the remaining 17 are conditional. Conclusions. These guidelines are not intended to impose a standard of care. They provide the basis for rational decisions in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the context of the existing evidence. No guidelines can take into account all of the often compelling unique individual clinical circumstances.

scholarly journals Executive Summary: Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 853-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Nahid ◽  
Susan E. Dorman ◽  
Narges Alipanah ◽  
Pennan M. Barry ◽  
Jan L. Brozek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Abstract The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Thoracic Society, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the World Health Organization also participated in the development of the guideline. This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis. For all recommendations, literature reviews were performed, followed by discussion by an expert committee according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Given the public health implications of prompt diagnosis and effective management of tuberculosis, empiric multidrug treatment is initiated in almost all situations in which active tuberculosis is suspected. Additional characteristics such as presence of comorbidities, severity of disease, and response to treatment influence management decisions. Specific recommendations on the use of case management strategies (including directly observed therapy), regimen and dosing selection in adults and children (daily vs intermittent), treatment of tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection (duration of tuberculosis treatment and timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy), as well as treatment of extrapulmonary disease (central nervous system, pericardial among other sites) are provided. The development of more potent and better-tolerated drug regimens, optimization of drug exposure for the component drugs, optimal management of tuberculosis in special populations, identification of accurate biomarkers of treatment effect, and the assessment of new strategies for implementing regimens in the field remain key priority areas for research. See the full-text online version of the document for detailed discussion of the management of tuberculosis and recommendations for practice.

scholarly journals Characteristics of abdominal vein thrombosis in children and adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (04) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Landi ◽  
Michele G. Beckman ◽  
Nirmish R. Shah ◽  
Paula Bockenstedt ◽  
Althea M. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Abdominal Vein ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryThe demographic and clinical characteristics of adults and children with lower extremity deep-vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (LE DVT/PE) may differ from those with abdominal vein thrombosis (abdominal VT). Abdominal VT can be a presenting sign of an underlying prothrombotic state, and its presence in the setting of known disease might have prognostic implications different from LE DVT/PE. This study describes clinical presentations of abdominal VT compared to LE DVT/PE in adults and children. We analysed prospec-tively-collected data from consecutive consenting patients enrolled in one of seven Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded Thrombosis and Hemostasis Network Centers from August 2003 to April 2011 to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of adults and children with abdominal VT. Both adults and children with abdominal VT tended to be younger and have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those with LE DVT/PE. Of patients with abdominal V T, children were more likely to have inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis than adults. For adults with venous thromboembolism (VTE), relatively more women had abdominal VT than LE DVT/PE, while the proportions with LE DVT/PE and abdominal VT by sex were similar in children. Children with abdominal VT were more likely to have diagnosed inherited thrombophilia, while trauma was more common in children with LE DVT/PE. In conclusion, both children and adults with abdominal VT were younger with a lower BMI than those with LE DVT/ PE. Significant differences exist between children and adults in respect to abdominal VT compared to LE DVT/PE.Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

scholarly journals Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. e147-e195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Nahid ◽  
Susan E. Dorman ◽  
Narges Alipanah ◽  
Pennan M. Barry ◽  
Jan L. Brozek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

Abstract The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Thoracic Society, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the World Health Organization also participated in the development of the guideline. This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis. For all recommendations, literature reviews were performed, followed by discussion by an expert committee according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Given the public health implications of prompt diagnosis and effective management of tuberculosis, empiric multidrug treatment is initiated in almost all situations in which active tuberculosis is suspected. Additional characteristics such as presence of comorbidities, severity of disease, and response to treatment influence management decisions. Specific recommendations on the use of case management strategies (including directly observed therapy), regimen and dosing selection in adults and children (daily vs intermittent), treatment of tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection (duration of tuberculosis treatment and timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy), as well as treatment of extrapulmonary disease (central nervous system, pericardial among other sites) are provided. The development of more potent and better-tolerated drug regimens, optimization of drug exposure for the component drugs, optimal management of tuberculosis in special populations, identification of accurate biomarkers of treatment effect, and the assessment of new strategies for implementing regimens in the field remain key priority areas for research. See the full-text online version of the document for detailed discussion of the management of tuberculosis and recommendations for practice.

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