A new combination in African Gymnanthes (Euphorbiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 351 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
HANS-JOACHIM ESSER
Keyword(s):  
New Combination ◽  
African Species ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
The World ◽  
Neotropical Plants

The genus Gymnanthes Swartz (1788: 6, 95), originally considered as Neotropical (Pax & Hoffmann 1912), has recently been expanded to include species from Africa and Asia (Esser 1999, 2001). Previously, the two African species had been included in the separate genus Duvigneaudia Léonard (1959: 15), and were as such revised by Kruijt & Roebers (1996). Léonard (1959) had described the genus because these species were clearly distinct from all other African genera, but he did not compare any Neotropical plants, much like Kruijt & Roebers (1996). Also the World Checklist of Euphorbiaceae (Govaerts et al. 2000) accepted the genus as distinct. However, the African species hardly differ from many species of Neotropical Gymnanthes by any significant characters of the leaves and flowers, and although they have somewhat larger fruits, this does not seem to be sufficient to uphold Duvigneaudia as a separate genus. Therefore both genera were united by Esser (1999, 2001). Within Neotropical Gymnanthes, Duvigneaudia is most similar to the former genus Sarothrostachys Klotzsch (1841) from Brazil.

A new combination in African Gymnanthes (Euphorbiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 351 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
HANS-JOACHIM ESSER
Keyword(s):  
New Combination ◽  
African Species ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
The World ◽  
Neotropical Plants

The genus Gymnanthes Swartz (1788: 6, 95), originally considered as Neotropical (Pax & Hoffmann 1912), has recently been expanded to include species from Africa and Asia (Esser 1999, 2001). Previously, the two African species had been included in the separate genus Duvigneaudia Léonard (1959: 15), and were as such revised by Kruijt & Roebers (1996). Léonard (1959) had described the genus because these species were clearly distinct from all other African genera, but he did not compare any Neotropical plants, much like Kruijt & Roebers (1996). Also the World Checklist of Euphorbiaceae (Govaerts et al. 2000) accepted the genus as distinct. However, the African species hardly differ from many species of Neotropical Gymnanthes by any significant characters of the leaves and flowers, and although they have somewhat larger fruits, this does not seem to be sufficient to uphold Duvigneaudia as a separate genus. Therefore both genera were united by Esser (1999, 2001). Within Neotropical Gymnanthes, Duvigneaudia is most similar to the former genus Sarothrostachys Klotzsch (1841) from Brazil.

The world and Russia: Inflation is minimal, economic growth is slowing, risks are rising

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Ershov ◽  
Anna S. Tanasova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Money Creation ◽  
Main Factors

Russian economy has reached the low level of inflation, but economic growth has not accelerated. Moreover, according to official forecasts, in the following years it will still be low. The article concludes that domestic demand, which is one of the main factors of growth, is significantly constrained by monetary, budgetary and fiscal spheres. The situation in the Russian economy is still hampered by the decline of the world economic growth. The prospects of financial markets are highly uncertain. This increases the possibility of crisis in the world. Leading countries widely use non-traditional measures to support their economies in the similar environment. In the world economy as well as in Russia a principally new combination of factors has emerged, which create specific features of economic growth. It requires special set of measures to stimulate such growth. The article proves that Russian regulators have large unused potential to stimulate growth. It includes monetization, long-money creation, budget and tax stimuli. It is important that the instruments, which will be used, should be based on domestic mechanisms. This will strengthen financial basis of the economy and may encourage economic growth. Some specific suggestions as to their use are made.

scholarly journals On the revisited types of four poorly known African species of Palpimanus (Araneae, Palpimanidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Sergei L. Zonstein ◽  
Yuri M. Marusik
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
African Species ◽  
Geographical Data ◽  
The World

Based on the types deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Germany), the following African species of Palpimanus Dufour, 1820 are re-examined and redescribed in details: P.namaquensis Simon, 1910 (South Africa, Namibia), P.nubilus Simon, 1910 (Namibia), P.paroculus Simon, 1910 (South Africa, Namibia) and P.processiger Strand, 1913 (Rwanda). The distribution of the considered species is specified and the erroneously interpreted geographical data, previously presented in the World Spider Catalog (2019), are corrected.

A new combination in the genus Louisiella (Poaceae: Paniceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 512 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAHID NAWAZ LANDGE ◽  
RAJENDRA D. SHINDE
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
The World

The critical study of Panicum paludosum implied that its taxonomic position within the genus Panicum is apparently discordant for its linear hilum, spongy culms, linear spikelets, barren lower floret, and upper floret smooth. These attributes best conform the circumscription of the ditypic genus Louisiella. Thus, it has been transferred into the same and a key to distinguish all the congeners in the world is provided. The close affinities and differences of this species with a close one, Panicum repense are also briefly discussed. The illustration of the spikelet and the caryopsis are included to support its new placement in Louisiella. A detailed comparison in all the three species of Louisiella is given to facilitate the proper identification.

A review of the genus Cryptotendipes Lenz  (Diptera: Chironomidae) from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1086 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUN CAI YAN ◽  
HONG QU TANG ◽  
XIN HUA WANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Two New Species

The genus Cryptotendipes Lenz from China is reviewed. Two new species, C. nodus and C. parallelus, are described and illustrated from males. Cryptotendipes lenzi Zorina is a new record for China. The male of C. casuarius (Townes) from China is redescribed. Unassociated larvae of four unnamed species also are presented. Cryptotendipes sibaabeus Sasa, Sumita & Suzuki is transferred to the genus Cladopelma as a new combination. The generic diagnosis for males and larvae is emended. Keys to known males and larvae in the world are given.

Generic Reclassification of Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) sensu Candèze 1860 of the World

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4683 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK E. ETZLER
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New Genus ◽  
North American Species ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Name ◽  
The World ◽  
New Synonymy

The genus Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 was last treated as a whole by Candèze (1860). Since then, members have been placed in eight other genera: Cidnopus Thomson, 1859; Gambrinus LeConte, 1853; Elathous Reitter, 1890; Kibunea Kishii, 1966; Limoniscus Reitter, 1905; Nothodes LeConte, 1861; Pheletes Kiesenwetter, 1858; and Solskyana Dolin, 1978. Based on the examination of adult and larval characters, five genera are recognized: Elathous Reitter, 1890; Gambrinus LeConte, 1853; Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829; Pheletes Kiesenwetter, 1858; and Tetralimonius new genus. Limoniscus Reitter, 1905 and Sichuanelater Platia and Gudenzi, 2006 are new synonymies of Gambrinus LeConte, 1853; Micrathous Lane, 1971, Neoathousius Schimmel and Platia, 1991 and Solskyana Dolin, 1978 are all new synonymies of Limonius. A total of 84 new combinations are proposed: Nearctic: Elathous huguenini (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Gambrinus angulatus (Motschulsky, 1859) new combination; Gambrinus bicolor (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Gambrinus clypeatus (Motschulsky, 1859) new combination; Gambrinus confusus (LeConte, 1853) new combination; Gambrinus cribriceps (Van Dyke, 1943) new combination; Gambrinus crotchii (Horn, 1872) new combination; Gambrinus flavomarginatus (Knull, 1938) new combination; Gambrinus fulvipilis (Candèze, 1860) new combination; Gambrinus griseus (Beauvois, 1805) new combination; Gambrinus humidus (Lane, 1941) new combination; Gambrinus interstitialis (Melsheimer, 1846) new combination; Gambrinus lanchesteri (Lane, 1941) new combination; Gambrinus meridianus (Knull, 1947) new combination; Gambrinus mirus (LeConte, 1853) new combination; Gambrinus norahae (Al Dhafer, 2009) new combination; Gambrinus olentangyi (Knull, 1947) new combination; Gambrinus plebejus (Say, 1825) new combination; Gambrinus propexus (Candèze, 1860) new combination; Gambrinus rudis (Brown, 1933) new combination; Gambrinus rufihumeralis (Lane, 1941) new combination; Gambrinus seminudus (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Gambrinus shircki (Lane, 1965) new combination; Gambrinus sinuifrons (Fall, 1907) new combination; Gambrinus snakensis (Lane, 1965) new combination; Gambrinus stigma (Herbst, 1806) new combination; Gambrinus pictus (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Gambrinus ulkei (Horn, 1871) new combination; Gambrinus ursinus (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Gambrinus venablesi (Wickham, 1913) new combination; Limonius brevis (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Limonius sordidus (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; Pheletes lecontei (Lane, 1971) new combination; Tetralimonius definitus (Ziegler, 1845) new combination; Tetralimonius humeralis (Candèze, 1860) new combination; Tetralimonius maculicollis (Motschulsky, 1860) new combination; Tetralimonius nimbatus (Say, 1825) new combination; Tetralimonius ornatulus (LeConte, 1857) new combination. Palearctic: Gambrinus elegans (Buysson, 1891) new combination; Gambrinus gibbosus (Platia and Gudenzi, 2006) new combination. Gambrinus henanensis (Schimmel, 2006) new combination; Gambrinus hinakurai (Kishii, 1998) new combination; Gambrinus katoi (Kishii, 2002) new combination; Gambrinus kawaharai (Kishii, 2002) new combination; Gambrinus kucerai (Schimmel, 2006) new combination; Gambrinus nanshanensis (Arimoto and Hiramatsu, 2013) new combination; Gambrinus naomii (Kishii, 1997) new combination; Gambrinus shaanxiensis (Schimmel, 2006) new combination; Gambrinus suturalis (Gebler, 1844) new combination; Gambrinus takabai (Kishii, 1997) new combination; Gambrinus violaceus (Müller, 1821) new combination; Gambrinus wittmeri (Chassain, 1998) new combination; Gambrinus yamato (Kishii, 1998) new combination; Gambrinus yujii (Arimoto, 2013) new combination; Gambrinus zhejiangensis (Schimmel, 2015) new combination; Limonius brancuccii (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius decorus (Gurjeva, 1975) new combination; Limonius exiguus (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius hartmanni (Schimmel, 1998) new combination; Limonius hiermeieri (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius hirtus (Dolin, 1978) new combination; Limonius hubeiensis (Kishii and Jiang, 1996) new combination; Limonius kubani (Schimmel, 1996) new combination; Limonius loebli (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius longicornis (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius macedonicus (Cate and Platia, 1989) new combination; Limonius marginellus brusteli (Leseigneur, 2004) new combination; Limonius manaliensis (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius miandamensis (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius minusculus (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius nigronitidus (Han and Lee, 2012) new combination; Limonius platiai (Mertlik, 1996) new combination; Limonius pseudopilosus (Platia and Gudenzi 1985) new combination; Limonius recticornis (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius riesei (Platia, 1988) new combination; Limonius rusticus (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius schurmanni (Platia and Gudenzi, 1998) new combination; Limonius sinensis (Schimmel and Platia, 1994) new combination; Limonius singularis (Schimmeland Platia, 1991) new combination; Limonius stapfi (Schimmel, 2007) new combination; Limonius turcicus (Platia, 2004) new combination; Limonius wittmeri (Schimmel and Platia, 1991) new combination; Tetralimonius quercus (Olivier, 1790) new combination; Tetralimonius reitteri (Gurjeva, 1976) new combination. The following 12 North American species are removed from synonymy and recognized as valid species: Gambrinus interstitialis (Melsheimer, 1846) status resurrected; Gambrinus propexus (Candèze, 1860) status resurrected; Gambrinus shircki (Lane, 1965) status resurrected; Gambrinus snakensis (Lane, 1965) status resurrected; Gambrinus ulkei (Horn, 1871) status resurrected; Limonius anceps LeConte, 1853 status resurrected; Limonius dubitans LeConte, 1853 status resurrected; Limonius infuscatus Motschulsky, 1859 status resurrected; Limonius pilosulus Candèze, 1891 status resurrected; Limonis semianeus LeConte, 1853 status resurrected. Tetralimonius humeralis (Candèze, 1860) status resurrected; Tetralimonius maculicollis (Motschulsky, 1860) status resurrected. New replacement names are proposed for three homynyms: Limonius schimmeli Etzler new name for Neoathousius ferrugineus Schimmel and Platia, 1991; Elathous malatyanus Etzler new name for Elathous bicolor Platia, 2010, not Elathous bicolor (LeConte, 1853); and Microdesmes carteri Etzler new name for Limonius angulatus Carter, 1939 (= Microdesmes angulatus). Limonius kondratieffi Al Dhafer, 2009 is a new synonymy of Elathous bicolor (LeConte, 1853). A key to genera, generic descriptions, notes on species, and definitions of important characters are provided. 

A taxonomic revision of Cryptostegia R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae: Periplocoideae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Marohasy ◽  
PI Forster
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Narrow Zone ◽  
The World

The genus Cvptostegia R. Br. comprises two species, both of which are endemic to Madagascar. One species, C. grandiflora Roxb. ex R. Br., is widely naturalised in tropical regions of the world. The other species, C. madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne., comprises three varieties, of which C. madagascariensis var. glaberrima (Hochreutiner) J. Marohasy & P. Forster is a new combination, and C. madagascariensis var. septentrionalis J. Marohasy & P. Forster is newly described. Interspecific hybrids occur in a narrow zone where the two species are sympatric.

REVIEW OF THE WORLD SPECIES OF DIMMOCKIA ASHMEAD (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Ikeda ◽  
John T. Huber
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
African Species ◽  
Character Analysis ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
World Species ◽  
Correct Placement ◽  
The World

AbstractThe five species of Dimmockia Ashmead are reviewed and keyed. Members are mainly hyperparasites of Hymenoptera and Diptera parasitic on Lepidoptera, though they are also recorded as primary parasites of Lepidoptera. The Nearctic D. incongrua and D. pallipes are redescribed and a lectotype is designated for D. incongrua. Dimmockia marylandica Girault is provisionally removed from Dimmockia but its correct placement is unknown because the unique type is lost. The Palaearctic D. brevicornis is newly recorded from North America. Additional taxonomic features are provided for D. exorientis and D. secunda. Two African species, previously placed in Dimmockia, are transferred to Sympiesis as S. polygoniae (Risbec) comb.nov. and S. cosmopterygi (Risbec) comb.nov. A lectotype is designated for S. polygoniae. A character analysis of Dimmockia species and 21 species of Sympiesis is provided and relationships are discussed.

Revision of world Austroterobiinae and Parasaphodinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), parasitoids of giant scales (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4301 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
MIRCEA-DAN MITROIU
Keyword(s):  
Neotropical Region ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

The world genera and species of Austroterobiinae and Parasaphodinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) are revised. Austroterobia Girault includes eight valid species, of which five are described as new: A. achterbergi sp. nov., A. iceryae Bouček, A. gatesi sp. nov., A. heydoni sp. nov., A. maldica Narendran & Das, A. noyesi sp. nov., A. partibrunnea Girault, and A. partiviridis sp. nov. Teasienna Heydon includes five valid species, of which four are described as new: T. africana sp. nov., T. burksi sp. nov., T. eirene Heydon, T. gibsoni sp. nov., and T. heratyi sp. nov. Parasaphodes Schulz includes four valid species, of which one is described as new: P. afer sp. nov., P. flavipes (Ashmead) comb. nov., P. iceryae (Ashmead), and P. townsendi (Ashmead). Additionally, another new combination is proposed, Chrysolampus japonicus (Ashmead) comb. nov. The lectotypes of Parasaphodes flavipes and P. townsendi are designated. Teasienna males and the male of A. partibrunnea are described for the first time. The subfamily Austroterobiinae is recorded for the first time in the Neotropical region, while the subfamily Parasaphodinae is recorded for the first time in the Afrotropical region. All species with known biology are parasitoids of giant scales, especially Icerya Signoret (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae), some of which are important agricultural pests. 

scholarly journals A survey of the Porrhoclubiona Lohmander, 1944 from Central Asia (Araneae, Clubiondae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri M. Marusik ◽  
Mikhail M. Omelko
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Species Groups

ClubionaLatreille, 1804, with more than 500 named species, is one of the largest genera of Araneae. The genus has 15 synonyms, most of which are not listed in the World Spider Catalog (2018) and unknown to many arachnologists. The most comprehensive survey ofClubionasensu lato by Wunderlich (2011) also lacked a few synonyms. In this paper all genus group names described inClubionaare listed with their type species. Most of these names correspond to the species groups recognised inClubionasensu lato. We agree thatPorrhoclubionaLohmander, 1944 (=Clubionagenevensis-group) deserves a status of a separate genus and provide the diagnosis of this taxon. Three species ofPorrhoclubionathat occur in Central Asia are surveyed, and two of them are described as new to science:P.laudata(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885),comb. n. (♂♀, Xinjiang, Tibet, China),P.bosmansisp. n.(♂♀, Tajikistan), andP.moradmandisp. n.(♂♀, Fars, Iran). It seems that all records ofP.genevensisL. Koch, 1866 from China refer toP.laudata. The records ofClubionavegetaSimon, 1918 from Tajikistan and Iran refer toP.bosmansisp. n. andP.moradmandisp. n., respectively. The following new combinations have been established:Porrhoclubionadecora(Blackwall, 1859),comb. n.,P.diniensis(Simon, 1878),comb. n.,P.leucaspis(Simon, 1932),comb. n.,P.minor(Wunderlich, 1987),comb. n.,P.pseudominor(Wunderlich, 1987),comb. n.,P.pteronetoides(Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001),comb. n.,P.vegeta(Simon, 1918),comb. n.,P.viridula(Ono, 1989),comb. n., andP.wunderlichi(Mikhailov 1992),comb. n.(all ex.Clubiona). SEM study of the structure considered earlier as scopula inClubionaandPorrhoclubionareveals that it is represented by several lateral rows of movable macrosetae (spines) with a locking mechanism.

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