Second-step lectotypification and a new synonym of Pycnarrhena pleniflora (Menispermaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 369 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
RAVI KIRAN ARIGELA ◽  
RAJEEV KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Second Step ◽  
New Synonym

The name Pycnarrhena pleniflora was inadvertently lectotypified before 2001 and therefore it requires second-step lectotypification which is proposed here. The recently described species Drypetes kalamii (Putranjivaceae/Euphorbiaceae s.l.) is treated here as its synonym.

Spatholobus discolor, a new synonym of Craspedolobium unijugum (Fabaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 489 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
ZHUQIU SONG ◽  
GANG YAO ◽  
KAIWEN JIANG ◽  
JUNJIE LIAO ◽  
DONGXIAN XU
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
In The Wild

Craspedolobium schochii Harms was described in 1921 and has thin woody, flat, dehiscent pods with a narrow wing on the upper suture, which are quite different from those of other genera within the same tribe Millettieae (Fabaeceae), but its flowering materials from Laos and Thailand were described respectively as Millettia unijuga Gagnep. in 1913 and as Pueraria rigens Craib in 1927. Due to the priority of the Shenzhen Code, its correct name was accepted as Craspedolobium unijugum (Gagnep.) Z. Wei & Pedley as recently as 2010. The results of critical examination of specimens, literature and living plants in the wild showed that Spatholobus discolor C. F. Wei, a species described on the basis of one flowering collection from China, is also conspecific with C. unijugum. We therefore reduce S. discolor to the synonymy of C. unijugum herein. Additionally, we designated the second-step lectotype of the name C. schochii, and further found that Craspedolobium is a new genus record for the flora of Vietnam.

New lectotypifications and new synonyms in Festuca (Poaceae, Pooideae, Loliinae) from the Central Andes

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 247 (4) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN C. OSPINA
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Second Step ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
The Andes ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Differential Characters ◽  
Anatomical Characters

New lectotypifications and new synonyms are provided as a result of a systematic study of the genus Festuca from the Central Andes. In the Andes mountains of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile, several species of Festuca are dominant components of the grasslands and high Andean steppes. Festuca circinata and F. dissitiflora occur in this area and were described based on morphological characters. Some authors have considered F. circinata as a valid species while others have treated it as a synonym of F. dissitiflora, together with F. dissitiflora var. loricata , F. dissitiflora var. villipalea, and F. erecta var. aristulata. In this study, a review of the taxonomy and nomenclature of F. castilloniana, F. circinata, and F. potosiana was performed, and their morphological and anatomical characters were compared with F. dissitiflora. Based on morphoanatomical and epidermal characters, this study contributes to the delimitation of F. circinata and F. dissitiflora. Nomenclatural notes and new anatomical and epidermal descriptions are included for these species. Differential characters between F. circinata and F. dissitiflora are discussed and F. circinata is restored as a valid species for Argentina. Festuca castilloniana and F. potosiana are synonymised under F. dissitiflora. Festuca dissitiflora var. loricata, F. dissitiflora var. villipalea, and F. erecta var. aristulata are excluded from the synonymy of F. dissitiflora and it is suggested that these names should be subordinate under F. fiebrigii. Festuca stuckertii is proposed as a new synonym of F. uninodis. Lectotypes are designated for the names F. argentinensis, F. dissitiflora, F. nemoralis and F. parodii, and second-step lectotypes are designated for the names F. circinata and F. ampliflora.

Typification of plant names belonging to subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae) for the Flora of Argentina

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 379 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
CAROLINA ISABEL CALVIÑO ◽  
SUSANA GRACIELA MARTÍNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Second Step ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Flora Of Argentina

Names of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae were found to need typification, as part of the studies for the Flora of Argentina project. To resolve typifications, protologues and type specimens of all names were studied. As a result, 27 lectotypifications (including two second step lectotypifications) and 2 epitypifications are designated here, giving brief justifications for each selection. In addition, a new synonym in Daucus is proposed.

Synopsis of the genus Atriplex (Amaranthaceae, Chenopodioideae) for South America

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás F. Brignone ◽  
Silvia S. Denham ◽  
Raúl Pozner
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Second Step ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
South American Species ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Nomenclatural Change

This is the first integrative synopsis of the genus Atriplex L. for South America, based on the study of compared external morphology of extensive collections from South American herbaria, type material, digital images, original publications and field observations. The South American Atriplex flora includes 55 species, 45 of which are native species, mainly distributed in Argentina and Chile (a few of them growing in Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela), and 10 are adventive species. We accept two subspecies for Atriplex cordubensis Gand. & Stuck., namely, subsp. cordubensis and subsp. grandibracteata Múlgura, two varieties for A. imbricata D.Dietr., var. imbricata and var. foliolosa Rosas, proposed one new synonym for A. deserticola Phil., one nomenclatural change for A. mucronata Phil., and designate 19 lectotypes and one second-step lectotype for A. nummularia Lindl. This synopsis also includes a key to the 55 South American species, three new figures for A. asplundii Standl., A. oestophora S.F.Blake and A. rusbyi Britton, references for previous figures of the remaining species, illustrations of different positions of the radicle in the seeds, maps of distribution, taxonomic and morphological notes, and a complete list of material studied.

Lectotypifications and new synonyms in Indian Syzygium (Myrtaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 429 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-216
Author(s):  
RAJEEV KUMAR SINGH ◽  
RAVI KIRAN ARIGELA
Keyword(s):  
Second Step ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
New Synonym

Three Linnaean names Eugenia jambos, Myrtus caryophyllata and M. zeylanica require second-step lectotypification and are designated here. Fifteen lectotypes and one neotype are also designated for sixteen names of thirteen recognized species of Indian Syzygium. The recently described species Syzygium bournei, S. dhaneshianum and S. lakshmananii are treated here as a new synonym of S. caryophyllatum, S. gardneri and S. montanum respectively.

Shedding light on a species from the shadows: the case of Paepalanthus macaheensis (Eriocaulaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 230 (3) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Trovó ◽  
Paulo Sano
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
First Line ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
New Synonym

Open grasslands are the usual habitats of Eriocaulaceae, but a few species also grow in forest understory. Paepalanthus macaheensis grows exclusively in shaded habitat, and has broad morphological variation and a confusing taxonomy. Here, the nomenclatural history associated with this species is clarified, the name is formally reestablished, and a second-step lectotype for the name is designated. Paepalanthus euryphyllus is proposed as a new synonym of P. macaheensis and comparisons with morphologically similar species are presented. A detailed description, the first line drawings of P. macaheensis, photographs, and a distribution map are provided. An official conservation status of endangered was assessed by the Brazilian National Center for Flora Conservation (CNCFlora).

Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

The Application of Protein A-Gold Immunocytochemistry to Studies of Protein Secretion

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 426-429
Author(s):  
George H. Herbener ◽  
Antonio Nanci ◽  
Moise Bendayan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Section ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Gold Complex ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Antigenic Sites

Protein A-gold immunocytochemistry is a two-step, post-embedding labeling procedure which may be applied to tissue sections to localize intra- and extracellular proteins. The key requisite for immunocytochemistry is the availability of the appropriate antibody to react in an immune response with the antigenic sites on the protein of interest. During the second step, protein A-gold complex is reacted with the antibody. This is a non- specific reaction in that protein A will combine with most IgG antibodies. The ‘label’ visualized in the electron microscope is colloidal gold. Since labeling is restricted to the surface of the tissue section and since colloidal gold is particulate, labeling density, i.e., the number of gold particles per unit area of tissue section, may be quantitated with ease and accuracy.

Thrombolysis in Arterial Occlusion

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (S 01) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Verhaeghe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Thrombolytic Therapy ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Initial Management

SummaryIntra-arterial thrombolytic therapy has replaced systemic intravenous infusion of thrombolytic agents as a treatment modality for arterial occlusion in the limbs. Several catheter-guided techniques and various infusion methods and schemes have been developed. At present there is no scientific proof of definite superiority of any agent in terms of efficacy or safety but clinical practice favours the use of urokinase or alteplase. Studies which compared thrombolysis to surgical intervention suggest that thrombolytic therapy is an appropriate initial management in patients with acute occlusion of a native leg artery or a bypass graft. Underlying causative lesions are treated in a second step by endovascular or open surgical techniques. Severe bleeding is the most feared complication: the risk of hemorrhagic stroke is 1-2%.

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