Synopsis of the genus Atriplex (Amaranthaceae, Chenopodioideae) for South America

This is the first integrative synopsis of the genus Atriplex L. for South America, based on the study of compared external morphology of extensive collections from South American herbaria, type material, digital images, original publications and field observations. The South American Atriplex flora includes 55 species, 45 of which are native species, mainly distributed in Argentina and Chile (a few of them growing in Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela), and 10 are adventive species. We accept two subspecies for Atriplex cordubensis Gand. & Stuck., namely, subsp. cordubensis and subsp. grandibracteata Múlgura, two varieties for A. imbricata D.Dietr., var. imbricata and var. foliolosa Rosas, proposed one new synonym for A. deserticola Phil., one nomenclatural change for A. mucronata Phil., and designate 19 lectotypes and one second-step lectotype for A. nummularia Lindl. This synopsis also includes a key to the 55 South American species, three new figures for A. asplundii Standl., A. oestophora S.F.Blake and A. rusbyi Britton, references for previous figures of the remaining species, illustrations of different positions of the radicle in the seeds, maps of distribution, taxonomic and morphological notes, and a complete list of material studied.

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Toward an Updated Taxonomy of the South American Amaranthaceae II: Subfamily Salicornioideae, Tribes Salicornieae and Suaedeae

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden ◽

10.3417/2021635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 292-324

Author(s):

Nicolás F. Brignone ◽

Adriel I. Jocou ◽

Silvia S. Denham

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Digital Images ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

South American ◽

Field Observations ◽

The South ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Material Type ◽

New Synonym

This paper is the second in a series treating the Amaranthaceae s.l. in South America. We present here a taxonomic revision of tribes Salicornieae and Suaedeae (subfamily Salicornioideae) based on the study of herbarium material, type specimens, digital images, original publications, and field observations. The South American Amaranthaceae s.l. flora includes Allenrolfea Kuntze, Heterostachys Ung.-Sternb., Mangleticornia P. W. Ball, G. Kadereit & Cornejo, and Salicornia L. from Salicornieae, and Suaeda Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel. from Suaedeae. Lectotypes for seven names are here designated. The distribution of all species is updated based on the revision and proper identification of many herbarium specimens and field observations. A new synonym for Salicornia neei Lag. is here proposed.

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Taxonomic Revision of Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae) in South America

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden ◽

10.3417/2021707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 392-423

Author(s):

Ana Verónica Ortiz ◽

Pablo Moroni ◽

Fabiana Mirra ◽

Rosa María Villanueva Espinoza ◽

Nataly O'Leary

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Native Species ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

South American ◽

South American Species ◽

Arduous Task ◽

First Time

Morphological boundaries between South American species of Euphrasia L. are controversial, rendering determination of specimens an arduous task. In this context, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Euphrasia in South America is here provided for the first time. This study, based upon a classical morphological study of ca. 400 herbarium specimens, supports the recognition of eight species and one subspecies distributed in the Andean regions of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. From among native species, six belong to section Trifidae Benth. and one to the monotypic section Paradoxae Pugsley, endemic to Juan Fernández Islands; one adventive species, E. officinalis L., belongs to the section Euphrasia. The previously misunderstood presence of E. cockayniana Petrie is here untangled, and, consequently, the species is excluded from South America. A key to all Euphrasia taxa in South America, plus morphological descriptions, nomenclature items, geographical distribution and maps, habitat notes, illustrations, photographs, and discussion notes are included for the nine taxa. Eleven names are here synonymized, and lectotypes are designated for E. andicola Benth., E. debilis Wettst., E. flavicans Phil., E. intricata Phil., and E. philippii Wettst. Euphrasia andicola is reported for the first time for Argentina. This collaborative effort will represent a baseline for further investigations on Euphrasia in South America.

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Primer registro de Agave sisalana (Agavaceae, Asparagales) para Colombia

Darwiniana nueva serie ◽

10.14522/darwiniana.2020.82.910 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 490-498

Author(s):

Diego Giraldo-Cañas

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Native Species ◽

Yucatan Peninsula ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

South American Species ◽

Reproductive Characteristics ◽

Agave Fourcroydes ◽

First Time ◽

Agave Sisalana

Agave sisalana Perrine, a native species from Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), is recorded for the first time for Colombia. It is morphologically related to Agave fourcroydes Lem. and Agave pax Giraldo-Cañas, but clearly differs from it in various vegetative and reproductive characteristics, which are given. Thus, a total of ten species of Agave are currently known in South America, seven are native and three are naturalized. A key for the South American species is included.

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The genus Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini) in Argentina, with descriptions of five new species

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/n05-100 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. 154-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Juan M. Nieto Nafría ◽

M. Pilar Mier Durante ◽

Jaime Ortego ◽

M. Victoria Seco Fernández

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

Introduced Species ◽

Native Species ◽

South American ◽

South American Species ◽

Palearctic Species ◽

First Time

AbstractUroleucon is one of the largest genera of Macrosiphini, with 216 known species; it is one of the few genera of Aphidinae to have a diversification in South America, with 15 native species and 1 subspecies. Moreover, 7 introduced species have been recorded in South America. Five new species from Argentina are described herein: Uroleucon malarguense Ortego and Nieto Nafría, sp. nov., U. mendocinum Mier Durante and Ortego, sp. nov., U. patagonicum Nieto Nafría and Seco Fernández, sp. nov., U. payuniense Ortego and Nieto Nafría, sp. nov., and U. riojanum Nieto Nafría and Mier Durante, sp. nov. One Palearctic species, U. jaceae (Linnaeus), has been recorded for the first time in South America, and thus 28 species and 1 subspecies are now known from South America. Uroleucon essigi Carvalho and U. chilense (Essig) are recorded for the first time from Argentina, and 20 of these 29 taxa are known for this country. New morphological and bionomic data from some previously known species are given. Alate viviparous females of U. gochnatiae Delfino and oviparae and males of U. bereticum (Blanchard) and U. macolai (Blanchard) are described. A taxonomic discussion about native South American species of Uroleucon is given, and we include them at present in the subgenus Lambersius. A key is provided for the identification of apterous and alate viviparous females.

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Toward an Updated Taxonomy of the South American Chenopodiaceae I: Subfamilies Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, and Salsoloideae

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden ◽

10.3417/2020615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 10-30

Author(s):

Nicolás F. Brignone ◽

Silvia S. Denham

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Second Step ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

South American ◽

Field Observations ◽

The South ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Salsola Kali ◽

New Synonyms

This paper is the first in a projected series of publications treating the Chenopodiaceae in South America. We present here a taxonomic revision of subfamilies Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, and Salsoloideae in South America, where all representatives of these subfamilies are introduced. Our research is based on the study of herbarium material, type specimens, digital images, original publications, and field observations. The South American Chenopodiaceae flora includes only Beta vulgaris L. from Betoideae, Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze, Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott, and Maireana brevifolia (R. Br.) P. G. Wilson from Camphorosmoideae, and Salsola kali L., Salsola tragus L., and Soda inermis Fourr. from Salsoloideae. Lectotypes for Echinopsilon reuterianus Boiss., Kochia alata Bates, K. parodii Aellen, K. parodii var. elongata Aellen, K. parodii var. densa Aellen, K. parodii var. glabrescens Aellen, and Suaeda sieversiana Pall. are designated here, as well as a second-step lectotype for K. brevifolia R. Br. The distribution of all species is updated based on the revision and proper identification of many herbarium specimens and field observations. The distribution of M. brevifolia in Chile is here expanded. New synonyms for Bassia scoparia are proposed. A preliminary key to the genera of Chenopodiaceae in South America is also presented.

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A taxonomic monograph of the fern genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) in South America

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.385.1.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 335 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

RAQUEL STAUFFER VIVEROS ◽

GERMINAL ROUHAN ◽

ALEXANDRE SALINO

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

West Indies ◽

Species Concept ◽

The Other ◽

South American ◽

Field Observations ◽

New Combinations ◽

South American Species ◽

Morphological Species ◽

Morphological Species Concept

Based on collections of 45 Herbaria in addition to newly collected specimens and some field observations, a taxonomic treatment for South American Ctenitis is provided, a hundred years after Christensen’s monographs. Guided by morphological species concept, 26 taxa are recognized (23 species and three varieties). A key including all taxa is provided, and all species are fully morphologically described, with information on distribution and habitat. Brazil is the richest country with 22 taxa, of which 13 are endemic, restricted mainly to Atlantic Forest. Taxa occurring in the other South American countries are also widely distributed in Mesoamerica and West Indies, except C. megalastriformis, only known from Peru, and C. refulgens var. peruviana, recorded in Peru and Bolivia. We dealt with 163 names that apply to the South American species. In addition, we propose three new combinations, and designate 38 lectotypes and three neotypes.

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Annotated checklist and illustrated key to the species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from South America

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4656 (2) ◽

pp. 201-231

Author(s):

RANYSE B. QUERINO ◽

ROBERTO A. ZUCCHI

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

External Morphology ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

South American Species ◽

As Species ◽

Species Inquirenda ◽

Annotated Checklist

A checklist is provided for all 43 species of Trichogramma recorded in South America, including diagnoses, comments, hosts, and distributions. A key to the South American species based on males (external morphology and genitalia) is also presented. Trichogramma koehleri Blanchard is here placed as species inquirenda.

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Driftwood on Heard Island

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400010834 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 25 (154) ◽

pp. 223-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. M. B. Smith ◽

P. Rudall ◽

P. L. Keage

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

South American ◽

Long Distance Dispersal ◽

South American Species ◽

Long Distance ◽

Heard Island

AbstractSamples from 73 pieces of non-structural driftwood on Heard Island (53°06′S, 73°30′E) were identified to genus or species. Thirty-one belonged to South American species of Nothofagus. The remainder, consisting mostly of conifers especially Picea and Larix, probably came from ships' cargoes. The assemblage is similar to those reported, from smaller samples, on other southern islands. Other items of flotsam, including fishing buoys and drift-cards, are also reported from Heard Island. The significance of driftwood transport from South America to the island in accounting for long-distance dispersal of terrestrial and intertidal organisms is discussed.

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Paraboeremia yungensis sp. nov., a new fungal species isolated from Las Yungas, South America, with promising tyrosinase production potential

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.528.3.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 528 (3) ◽

pp. 191-201

Author(s):

MARIA PATRICIA PERALTA ◽

JOAQUÍN ALIAGA ◽

OSVALDO DANIEL DELGADO ◽

JULIA INÉS FARIÑA ◽

BERNARDO ERNESTO LECHNER

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Single Gene ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Malt Extract ◽

South American ◽

South American Species ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Identification Approach

In the context of a bioprospection programme for tyrosinase/L-DOPA- and melanin-producing fungal strains for biotechnological purposes, a hyperproducer isolate was obtained from Las Yungas rainforest, a relevant biodiverse ecoregion in North-Western Argentina. The selected strain was preliminarily identified as Paraboeremia sp. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first native reported species of this genus in South America. Single-gene and multi-locus analyses of the internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal RNA gene region (ITS), partial large subunit 28S nrDNA region (LSU), RNA polymerase II region (RPB2) and partial β-tubulin gene (TUB2) alignments were carried out to define the phylogenetic identity of this strain. As part of a polyphasic identification approach, these results were combined with morphological studies of active cultures growing on malt extract, oatmeal and potato dextrose agar plates. Incubation was performed under diverse conditions to stimulate sporulation for the subsequent micromorphological analysis. Microphotographs of pycnidia and conidia were taken with a scanning electron microscope. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses supported the location of the strain within the genus Paraboeremia, whilst morphological features allowed distinguishing it from previously described species within this genus. Based on the results herein reported, the new South-American species Paraboeremia yungensis is described and proposed.

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Comparative anatomy of the gut of the South American species of Amitermes, with description of two new species and an identification key based on soldiers and workers

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4751.1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4751 (1) ◽

pp. 75-104

Author(s):

MAURICIO M. ROCHA ◽

ELIANA M. CANCELLO

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Comparative Anatomy ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

South American Species ◽

Two New Species ◽

First Time

In this contribution we present updates on the taxonomy and morphology of the South American species of Amitermes. Two new species are described: Amitermes bandeirai, sp. n., from Brazil, and Amitermes lilloi, sp. n., from Argentina. Amitermes nordestinus is a junior synonym of Amitermes aporema. The imago of A. aporema is described for the first time. Detailed comparative gut anatomy of the eight species is presented for the first time. The geographic distribution of Amitermes in South America is expanded and the distribution patterns of some species are discussed.

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