Clarification of some imperfectly understood characters in the Chinese species Thalictrum przewalskii (Ranunculaceae), with reduction of T. lasiogynum and T. latistylum to its synonymy

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 511 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
YOU-PAI ZENG ◽  
QIONG YUAN ◽  
QIN-ER YANG
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Northeastern Asia ◽  
In The Wild

Based on critical observations on both herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, here we clarify some morphological characters in the Chinese species Thalictrum przewalskii (Ranunculaceae) and demonstrate that T. lasiogynum and T. latistylum, described respectively from China’s Sichuan and Gansu provinces, are conspecific with it. We therefore reduce T. lasiogynum and T. latistylum to the synonymy of T. przewalskii. Thalictrum sect. Platystylus, which was established to accommodate T. latistylum, is reduced to the synonymy under T. sect. Omalophysa. The identity of T. rockii is further confirmed and the distribution in China of T. sparsiflorum, a species most closely similar to T. przewalskii and widely distributed in northeastern Asia and North America, is also determined.

Thalictrum kangdingense (Ranunculaceae), a new synonym of T. megalostigma from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 498 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
YOU-PAI ZENG ◽  
QIONG YUAN ◽  
QIN-ER YANG
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Morphological Distinction ◽  
In The Wild

Based on critical observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild from its type locality, we demonstrate that Thalictrum kangdingense, recently described from Kangding county in western Sichuan province, China, is readily distinguishable from T. xinningense by an array of morphological characters but is actually conspecific with T. megalostigma, a species with its type locality also in Kangding. We therefore reduce T. kangdingense to the synonymy of T. megalostigma herein. The morphological distinction between T. baicalense and T. megalostigma is also clarified.

Clarification of some morphological characters in Artemisia anomala (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of var. tomentella and var. acuminatissima to the synonymy of the species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 520 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
XIN-QIANG GUO ◽  
LONG WANG ◽  
QIN-ER YANG
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Variation Range ◽  
In The Wild

Based on observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Artemisia anomala (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a distinctive Chinese species yet morphologically imperfectly understood since its description, is variable with respect to its leaf indumentum and shape within and between populations. The leaves are ovate, ovate-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or lanceolate, and adaxially sparsely pubescent or glabrous, abaxially tomentose to sparsely pubescent, or rarely glabrescent. Morphologically, the two currently recognized varieties of A. anomala, var. tomentella and var. acuminatissima, fall within the variation range of the species in leaf indumentum and shape, and thus are synonymized herein. Lectotypification is proposed for A. anomala.

Clarification of morphological distinction between Artemisia sichuanensis var. sichuanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and A. sichuanensis var. tomentosa, with reduction of A. erlangshanensis to the synonymy of the latter variety

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 453 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
XIN-QIANG GUO ◽  
LONG WANG ◽  
QIN-ER YANG
Keyword(s):  
Type Material ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Morphological Distinction ◽  
In The Wild

Based on observations on both herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Artemisia sichuanensis var. sichuanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) differs from A. sichuanensis var. tomentosa only by the leaves abaxially sparsely pubescent (vs. densely gray arachnoid tomentose). In addition, A. erlangshanensis is found to be identical with A. sichuanensis var. tomentosa, and is thus synonymized herein.

scholarly journals Evolution in the Model Genus Antirrhinum Based on Phylogenomics of Topotypic Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Otero ◽  
Mario Fernández-Mazuecos ◽  
Pablo Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Group Relationships

Researchers in phylogenetic systematics typically choose a few individual representatives of every species for sequencing based on convenience (neighboring populations, herbarium specimens, samples provided by experts, garden plants). However, few studies are based on original material, type material or topotypic material (living specimens from the locality where the type material was collected). The use of type or topotypic material in phylogenetic studies is paramount particularly when taxonomy is complex, such as that of Antirrhinum (Plantaginaceae). In this paper, we used topotypic materials of Antirrhinum at the species level (34 species proposed by previous authors), 87 specimens representing the species distributions and >50,000 informative nucleotide characters (from ∼4,000 loci) generated by the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technique: (i) to test two explicit taxonomic hypotheses widely followed by local taxonomic treatments; (ii) to robustly estimate phylogenetic relationships; (iii) to investigate the evolution of key morphological characters and biogeographic centers of differentiation. Two GBS phylogenies based on two datasets (87 localities and 34 topotypic specimens) revealed that: (1) Sutton’s (1988) taxonomic account is the most congruent with phylogenetic results, whereas division of Antirrhinum into three major clades disagrees with Rothmaler’s (1956) infrageneric classification; (2) monophyly of populations currently included in the same species is primarily supported; (3) the historically recognized Antirrhinum majus group is not monophyletic; (4) sister-group relationships are robust for eight species pairs; (5) the evolutionary radiation of 26 species since the Pliocene is underpinned given a high rate of diversification (0.54 spp. Myr–1); (6) a geographic pattern of speciation is reconstructed, with northern Iberia as the center of early diversification followed by more recent speciation in southeastern Iberia; and (7) multiple acquisitions of key taxonomic characters in the course of Antirrhinum diversification are strongly supported, with no evidence of hybridization between major clades. Our results also suggest incipient speciation in some geographic areas and point to future avenues of research in evolution and systematics of Antirrhinum.

Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 487 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
XIN-QIANG GUO ◽  
LONG WANG ◽  
QIN-ER YANG
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
In The Wild

Based on observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) is conspecific with A. qinlingensis. We therefore place A. taibaishanensis in the synonymy of A. qinlingensis herein. Lectotypification is proposed for A. qinlingensis and its geographical distribution is also clarified.

Artemisia flaccida (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) is merged with A. fulgens, with transfer of A. flaccida var. meiguensis to A. fulgens

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 514 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-237
Author(s):  
XIN-QIANG GUO ◽  
LONG WANG ◽  
QIN-ER YANG
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
In The Wild

Based on observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Artemisia flaccida (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) is conspecific with A. fulgens and that A. flaccida var. meiguensis deserves a varietal status under A. fulgens. We therefore place A. flaccida in synonymy with A. fulgens and transfer A. flaccida var. meiguensis to A. fulgens as A. fulgens var. meiguensis. Lectotypification is proposed for A. fulgens and A. flaccida. The geographical distribution of the two varieties of A. fulgens, var. fulgens and var. meiguensis, is also clarified.

Thalictrum jilongense and T. tenuicaule (Ranunculaceae), described from China, are both merged with T. leuconotum

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 509 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
YOU-PAI ZENG ◽  
QIONG YUAN ◽  
QIN-ER YANG
Keyword(s):  
Type Material ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
In The Wild

Based on critical observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Thalictrum jilongense and T. tenuicaule (Ranunculaceae), described from southern Xizang (Tibet) and western Sichuan, China, respectively, are both conspecific with T. leuconotum. We therefore reduce T. jilongense and T. tenuicaule to the synonymy of T. leuconotum herein. Lectotypification is proposed for T. leuconotum.

Thalictrum brevisericeum var. pentagynum (Ranunculaceae), a new synonym of T. uncinulatum from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 497 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
YOU-PAI ZENG ◽  
QIONG YUAN ◽  
QIN-ER YANG
Keyword(s):  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
In The Wild

Based on critical observations on both herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Thalictrum brevisericeum var. pentagynum, described recently from Heishui county in northwestern Sichuan province, China, is identical with T. uncinulatum, a widely distributed Chinese species. We therefore reduce T. brevisericeum var. pentagynum as a synonym of T. uncinulatum herein. Lectotypification is proposed for T. uncinulatum.

Thalictrum panzhihuaense (Ranunculaceae) is placed in synonymy with T. glandulosissimum, with reduction of T. tsaii to T. glandulosissimum var. tsaii

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 520 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
YOU-PAI ZENG ◽  
QIONG YUAN ◽  
QIN-ER YANG
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Northwestern Yunnan

Based on critical observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Thalictrum panzhihuaense (Ranunculaceae), described from Panzhihua city in southwestern Sichuan province, China, is conspecific with T. glandulosissimum and that T. tsaii, described from Weixi county in northwestern Yunnan province, China, is extremely close to T. glandulosissimum. We therefore place T. panzhihuaense in synonymy with T. glandulosissimum and treat T. tsaii as a variety of T. glandulosissimum, i.e. T. glandulosissimum var. tsaii. The identity of T. glandulosissimum var. chaotungense is also discussed. Lectotypification is proposed for T. glandulosissimum.

Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Morphological Variation within the Platanthera hyperborea Complex (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Eranga Wettewa ◽  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cryptic Taxa

Abstract—Species complexes present considerable problems for a working taxonomy due to the presence of intraspecific variation, hybridization, polyploidy, and phenotypic plasticity. Understanding evolutionary patterns using molecular markers can allow for a more thorough assessment of evolutionary lineages than traditional morphological markers. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns among taxa of the Platanthera hyperborea (Orchidaceae) complex, which includes diploid (Platanthera aquilonis) and polyploid (Platanthera hyperborea, P. huronensis, and P. convallariifolia) taxa spanning North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Asia. We found that three floral morphological characters overlap among the polyploid taxa, but the diploid species has smaller flowers. DNA sequence variation in a plastid (rpL16 intron) and a nuclear (ITS) marker indicated that at least three diploid species have contributed to the genomes of the polyploid taxa, suggesting all are of allopolyploid origin. Platanthera convallariifolia is most like P. dilatata and P. stricta, whereas P. huronensis and P. hyperborea appear to have originated from crosses of P. dilatata and P. aquilonis. Platanthera huronensis, which is found across North America, has multiple origins and reciprocal maternal parentage from the diploid species. By contrast, P. hyperborea, restricted to Greenland and Iceland, appears to have originated from a small founding population of hybrids in which P. dilatata was the maternal parent. Geographic structure was found among polyploid forms in North America. The area of Manitoba, Canada appears to be a contact zone among geographically diverse forms from eastern and western North America. Given the geographic and genetic variation found, we recommend continued recognition of four green-flowered species within this complex, but caution that there may be additional cryptic taxa within North America.

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