A new microendemic frog species of the genus Blommersia (Anura: Mantellidae) from the east coast of Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2978 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
MACIEJ PABIJAN ◽  
PHILIP-SEBASTIAN GEHRING ◽  
JÖRN KÖHLER ◽  
FRANK GLAW ◽  
MIGUEL VENCES
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Femoral Glands ◽  
Distinct Evolutionary Lineage ◽  
Intermediate Morphology ◽  
Frog Species

Field surveys in northeastern Madagascar have revealed the existence of a new Blommersia frog species (Anura: Mantellidae), populations of which were recorded within a 30 km radius of the town of Maroantsetra. We combined morphological, bioacoustic and molecular techniques and show that it is indeed a distinct evolutionary lineage which we describe as Blommersia variabilis sp. nov. from the type locality Ambodivoahangy near Maroantsetra. This new species is morphologically most similar to B. wittei by the presence of vomerine teeth and relatively small, well-delimited femoral glands, but differs from that species by advertisement call consisting of only 2–6 notes of comparatively longer duration, and a wider separation of femoral glands in males. It is associated with dense secondary vegetation fringing lentic water bodies. Anecdotal evidence suggests its life history is similar to other congeners. The restricted range of this species implies that it is microendemic, being possibly confined to the Antainambalana watershed. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variation show that its closest known relatives are Blommersia galani and B. dejongi, both of which also have restricted ranges on the east coast. A putative hybrid between a B. galani female and B. dejongi male with intermediate morphology was identified based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variation, genotype fingerprinting and genetic relationships in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P. Rajora ◽  
John D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Apocytochrome B ◽  
Nuclear Dna Variation ◽  
Mean Similarity

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nuDNA) variations were examined in six cultivars of Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris and two (mtDNA) or one (nuDNA) accession(s) of L. culinaris ssp. orientalis. Total leaf DNA was digested with up to 15 restriction endonucleases, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and trasferred to nylon membranes. To examine mtDNA variation, blots were probed with mtDNA coding for cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI) and ATPase 6 (atp6) of both wheat and maize as well as apocytochrome b (cob) and Orf25 (orf25) of wheat. Sixteen combinations of mtDNA probes and restriction enzymes revealed 34 fragments that discriminated between at least two lentil accessions. For nuDNA analysis, probes from cDNA and genomic DNA clones of lentil were used to probe the same blots, and identified 46 diagnostic fragments from 19 probe/enzyme combinations. Each lentil accession could be unequivocably distinguished from all others on the basis of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA fragment patterns. The mitochondrial restriction fragment similarities ranged from 0.944 to 0.989, with a mean of 0.970 but nuclear restriction fragment similarities varied from 0.582 to 0.987, with a mean of 0.743. The apparent genetic relationships among accessions differed according to the source of DNA examined, although the commercial varieties Laird, Brewer and Redchief showed similarly high levels of mean similarity with both nuclear (0.982) and mitochondrial DNA (0.983). Key words: Lens culinaris Medik., genetic variation, mitochondrial, nuclear, DNA, lentil

scholarly journals Modernizing the Toolkit for Arthropod Bloodmeal Identification

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Erin M. Borland ◽  
Rebekah C. Kading
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Melting Analysis ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
Blood Meal Identification ◽  
Bloodmeal Identification

Understanding vertebrate–vector interactions is vitally important for understanding the transmission dynamics of arthropod-vectored pathogens and depends on the ability to accurately identify the vertebrate source of blood-engorged arthropods in field collections using molecular methods. A decade ago, molecular techniques being applied to arthropod blood meal identification were thoroughly reviewed, but there have been significant advancements in the techniques and technologies available since that time. This review highlights the available diagnostic markers in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and discusses their benefits and shortcomings for use in molecular identification assays. Advances in real-time PCR, high resolution melting analysis, digital PCR, next generation sequencing, microsphere assays, mass spectrometry, and stable isotope analysis each offer novel approaches and advantages to bloodmeal analysis that have gained traction in the field. New, field-forward technologies and platforms have also come into use that offer promising solutions for point-of-care and remote field deployment for rapid bloodmeal source identification. Some of the lessons learned over the last decade, particularly in the fields of DNA barcoding and sequence analysis, are discussed. Though many advancements have been made, technical challenges remain concerning the prevention of sample degradation both by the arthropod before the sample has been obtained and during storage. This review provides a roadmap and guide for those considering modern techniques for arthropod bloodmeal identification and reviews how advances in molecular technology over the past decade have been applied in this unique biomedical context.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA Variation Dictates Expressivity and Progression of Nuclear DNA Mutations Causing Cardiomyopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan J. McManus ◽  
Martin Picard ◽  
Hsiao-Wen Chen ◽  
Hans J. De Haas ◽  
Prasanth Potluri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Dna Mutations

DNA-DNA Hybridization, Phylogenetic Reconstruction and the Fossil Record

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Molecular Characters ◽  
Rates Of Molecular Evolution

In 1962 Zuckerkandl & Pauling suggested that the amino acid sequence of proteins might evolve in a clock-like fashion and thus may be useful for phylogenetic reconstruction. Since then, many different molecular approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction have been proposed (Wilson et al., 1977). Enthusiasm for the clock hypothesis was dampened by the discovery that rates of molecular evolution for many macromolecules have been highly variable through time (Romero-Herrera et al., 1979). However, the contribution of molecular characters to the study of phylogeny is not necessarily dependent on the notion of a molecular clock and molecular approaches continue to be an important source of phylogenetic information. One of the more powerful and cost-effective molecular techniques for phylogenetic purposes is DNA-DNA hybridization, which measures the single-copy nuclear DNA sequence divergences between species.

scholarly journals Comparative systematics and phylogeography of Quercus Section Cerris in western Eurasia: inferences from plastid and nuclear DNA variation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cosimo Simeone ◽  
Simone Cardoni ◽  
Roberta Piredda ◽  
Francesca Imperatori ◽  
Michael Avishai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Eurasian Lineage ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotypes ◽  
Western Eurasia

Oaks (Quercus) comprise more than 400 species worldwide and centres of diversity for most sections lie in the Americas and East/Southeast Asia. The only exception is the Eurasian Sect. Cerris that comprises 15 species, a dozen of which are confined to western Eurasia. This section has not been comprehensively studied using molecular tools. Here, we assess species diversity and reconstruct a first comprehensive taxonomic scheme of western Eurasian members of Sect. Cerris using plastid (trnH-psbA) and nuclear (5S-IGS) DNA variation with a dense intra-specific and geographic sampling. Chloroplast haplotypes primarily reflected geographic patterns of species coevolution within Sect. Cerris and its sister section Ilex. We identified two widespread and ancestral haplotypes, and less common, locally restricted, derived variants. Signatures shared with Mediterranean species of Sect. Ilex, but not with the East Asian Cerris siblings, suggest that the western Eurasian lineage came into contact with Ilex only after the first (early Oligocene) members of Sect. Cerris in Northeast Asia had begun to radiate and move westwards. Nuclear 5S-IGS diversification patterns were more efficient for establishing a molecular-taxonomic framework and to reveal hybridization and reticulation processes. Four main evolutionary lineages were identified. The first lineage comprises Q. libani, Q. trojana and Q. afares and appears to be closest to the root of Sect. Cerris. These taxa are morphologically most similar to the East Asian species of Cerris, and to both Oligocene and Miocene fossils of East Asia and Miocene fossils of western Eurasia. The second lineage is mainly composed of the widespread Q. cerris and the narrow endemic species Q. castaneifolia, Q. look, and Q. euboica. The third lineage comprises three Near East species (Q. brantii, Q. ithaburensis and Q. macrolepis), well adapted to continental climates with cold winters. The forth lineage appears the most derived and comprises Q. suber, the cork oak, and Q. crenata. Quercus cerris and Q. trojana displayed exceptional levels of variation; Q. macrolepis and Q. euboica, previously treated as subspecies of Q. ithaburensis and Q. trojana, likely deserve an independent species status. A trend towards inter-specific crosses was detected in several taxa; however, we found no clear evidence of a hybrid origin of Q. afares and Q. crenata, as currently assumed. Phylogeographic inferences on the origin and diversification of Quercus Sect. Cerris are provided to fill an important gap in the knowledge of oak diversity and evolution.

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