Myxobolus jialingensis n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) infecting urinary bladder and hepatopancreas of yellowhead catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4819 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
LEI GAO ◽  
JING ZHANG ◽  
CHENGZHONG YANG ◽  
YUANJUN ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Polar Capsule ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Tachysurus Fulvidraco ◽  
Myxosporean Species

In the present study, we described a novel myxosporean species, Myxobolus jialingensis n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae), which infected the urinary bladder and hepatopancreas of yellowhead catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco in China. The mature spores of M. jialingensis n. sp. were pyriform with the length of 15.8 ± 0.7 (15.4–17.0) μm and width of 8.0 ± 0.3 (7.8–8.9) μm. Two pyriform polar capsules were slightly unequal in size: the larger polar capsule was 7.4 ± 0.3 (6.7–8.0) μm in length and 3.1 ± 0.2 (2.8–3.6) μm in width; and the smaller polar capsule measured 7.3 ± 0.3 (6.6–8.1) μm in length and 3.3 ± 0.2 (2.9–3.6) μm in width. The polar capsules were directed toward the apex of the spore, packing seven to eight spirals of the polar filaments. The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA) sequence of M. jialingensis n. sp. was unique among all myxozoans, and the highest similarity was 96.1% with M. voremkhai. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA sequences revealed that myxosporeans infecting the close host affinity (belonging to the same order) had close phylogenetic relationship and, some myxosporeans infecting the same host order might have multiple origins.

A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of theGraphiumcomplex based on 18S rDNA sequences

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1495-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Okada ◽  
Keith A Seifert ◽  
Akiko Takematsu ◽  
Yuichi Yamaoka ◽  
Satoru Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
As Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Molecular Context ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Mode Characteristic

Based on nuclear encoded small subunit (18S) rDNA sequences, a taxonomic reappraisal of Graphium (anamorphic fungi) was undertaken using neighbour-joining (NJ) and fast DNA maximum likelihood (fastDNAml) methods and compared with traditional classifications. In common with Graphium putredinis, Graphium penicillioides (the lectotype species) was found to be related to the Microascales, not the Ophiostomatales as previously believed. Both species might be heterogenous and should be treated as species aggregates. The representative mode of conidiogenesis for these two species was nodular-annellidic, rather than the dense-annellidic mode characteristic of the synnematous ophiostomatalean anamorphs. Graphium is emended to be restricted to G. penicillioides, G. putredinis, and related synnematous anamorphs of Petriella and Pseudallescheria, and a nomenclator for the nine species presently accepted in Graphium is presented. Pesotum, originally characterized mainly by sympodial conidiogenesis, is emended to include synnematous anamorphs of Ophiostoma species formerly included in a variety of genera with sympodial to dense-annellidic conidiogenesis. Eight new combinations in Pesotum are included in a nomenclator for the 26 species currently known. Three new combinations from Ceratocystis to Ophiostoma are proposed for species with Pesotum anamorphs. The holomorph of Graphium calicioides has affinities to the black yeasts and should be classified in the Chaetothyriales. However, the critical morphological, loculoascomycetous characters of the teleomorph are not completely documented. Interpreted from the molecular context, the morphological similarities between these three groups of anamorphs are homoplasies and examples of convergent evolution.Key words: Chaetothyriales, Graphium, Microascales, Ophiostomatales, Pesotum, 18S (SSU) rDNA sequences.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the Thoracican Barnacles Based on 18S rDNA Sequences

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. James Harris ◽  
Laura S. Maxson ◽  
Lee F. Braithwaite ◽  
Keith A. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences

Assessing the Biodiversity of Monoraphidium Using 18S rDNA Sequences

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (s1) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
M. W. Fawley ◽  
K. P. Fawley ◽  
M. L. Dean
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences

scholarly journals Sarcocystis Attenuati N. Sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) Infecting the Asian Gray Shrew, Crocidura Attenuata (Insectivora: Soricidae), in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
junjie hu ◽  
Jun Sun ◽  
Yanmei Guo ◽  
Hongxia Zeng ◽  
Yunzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences

Abstract Background: There are limited data on Sarcocystis in insectivores. The Asian gray shrew, Crocidura attenuata, is one of the most common species of insectivores in the family Soricidae distributed in South Asia and Southeast Asia. To date, Sarcocystis has never been recorded in this host.Methods: Tissues from 42 Asian gray shrews were collected in China in 2017 and 2018. Sarcocysts were observed using light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To complete the parasite life cycle, muscle tissues of the host infected with sarcocysts were force-fed to two beauty rat snakes, Elaphe taeniura. Individual sarcocysts from different Asian gray shrews and oocysts/sporocysts isolated from the small intestines and feces of the experimental snakes were selected for DNA extraction, and seven genetic markers, including two nuclear loci (18S rDNA and ITS1), three mitochondrial genes (cox1, cox3 and cytb), and two apicoplastic genes (rpoB and clpC), were amplified, sequenced and analyzed.Results: Sarcocysts were found in 17 of 42 (40.5%) Asian gray shrews. Under LM, the microscopic sarcocysts were exhibited saw-tooth-like protrusions measuring 3.3–4.5 μm. Ultrastructurally, the sarcocyst wall contained numerous lancet- or leaf-like villous protrusions, similar to type 9h. The experimental beauty rat snakes shed oocysts/sporcysts measuring 11.9–16.7 × 9.2–10.6 μm with a prepatent period of 10 to 11 days. Comparing these sequences with those previously deposited in GenBank revealed that the 18S rDNA sequences and cox1 sequences shared the highest similarity with those of S. scandentiborneensis recorded in tree shrews, Tuaia minor and T. tana (i.e., 97.6–98.3% and 100% identity, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA, ITS1 or cox1 sequences revealed that this parasite formed an independent clade with Sarcocystis spp. that utilize small animals as intermediate hosts and snakes as the known or presumed definitive host. On the basis of morphological and molecular characteristics and host specificity, the parasite was proposed as a new species, named S. attenuati.Conclusions: Sarcocysts were recorded in Asian gray shrews for the first time. The sarcocysts were characterized morphologically and molecularly. The 18S rDNA and cox1 sequences of S. attenuati, named in the present study, shared the highest identities with those of S. scandentiborneensis. However, the sarcocysts of the two species of Sarcocystis were quite different under LM and TEM. Based on experimental infection, beauty rat snakes have been proven to be a definitive host of S. attenuati. As more species of Sarcocystis from insectivores and other small mammals are properly morphologically and molecularly characterized, we may gain a better understanding of the biodiversity, host specificity and evolution of Sarcocystis in the future.

scholarly journals Unexplored diversity of microscopic myxomycetes: evidence from environmental DNA

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Shchepin ◽  
Martin Schnittler ◽  
Nikki H.A. Dagamac ◽  
Dmitry V. Leontyev ◽  
Yuri K. Novozhilov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Environmental Sequences

Background and aims – Recent studies showed the position of two slime mould species with microscopic sporocarps, Echinosteliopsis oligospora and Echinostelium bisporum, within the class Myxomycetes. These minute species are seldom seen in studies based on detection of sporocarps and can easily be confused with protosteloid amoebozoans.Methods – We searched all published ePCR data sets that targeted myxomycete 18S rDNA for the presence of environmental sequences similar to E. oligospora and Echinosteliales in traditional circumscription, and performed phylogenetic analyses that included short environmental sequences and full-length 18S rDNA sequences representing all the major groups of myxomycetes.Key results – We report 19 unique sequences which are closely related to E. bisporum or E. oligospora based on sequence similarity (73.1–95.2% similarity) and which form well-supported monophyletic clades with these species in phylogenetic analyses. They may represent new species that are not yet described. Our phylogeny based on full-length 18S rDNA sequences further confirms the position of E. bisporum and E. oligospora within myxomycetes and the paraphyly of the order Echinosteliales in its traditional circumscription.Conclusions – Our results show that ePCR-based studies can reveal myxomycete taxa that often escape detection by traditional approaches, including potentially new species, and thus provide valuable new data on diversity and ecology of myxomycetes. As such, strategies for studying myxomycetes biodiversity should be revised, focusing also on molecular detection techniques in addition to the sporocarp-based ones.

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