The Effect of Botulinum Toxin A Injection Under the Guidance of Ultrasound Image in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Spasm After Stroke

Objective: The objective is to study the effect of botulinum toxin A injection into the lower extremity muscles on the spasticity of the lower extremity after stroke, and to guide and analyze the injection site and the shape of the muscles after injection with ultrasound images, so as to provide an effective treatment basis for the clinical treatment of spasticity of the lower extremity after stroke. Methods: 76 stroke patients with lower extremity spasm who are treated in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital from February 2018 to March 2019 are selected as the study object. Different doses of botulinum toxin A (250–350 U) are injected according to the severity of spasm symptoms of lower limbs. The scores of stroke patients' motor score standard scale, modified Babbitt index scale, ten-meter walking speed scale, functional walking ability scale and ankle joint activity scale are used to collect evaluation scores for statistical analysis. Before and after botulinum toxin A injection, the muscle ultrasound of lower extremity is compared. Results: First, compared with the patients before treatment, there is no significant decrease in limb muscle tension and ankle flexibility on the third day after treatment (P > 0.05). However, on the third day after treatment, the patients' ability of daily activity self-care (P < 0.05), daily walking ability (P < 0.05) and ten-meter walking speed (P < 0.05) are enhanced. Secondly, on the seventh day and one month after the treatment, the muscle tension of the lower extremities is significantly reduced (P < 0.05), the ability of daily activities and self-care of the patients is significantly enhanced (P < 0.05), the walking speed of the patients is significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the flexibility of the patients' ankle joint is significantly increased (P < 0.05). Third, compared with the patients before treatment, the lower limb muscle morphology of the patients improves significantly after one month of treatment. Conclusion: Under the guidance of ultrasound image, botulinum toxin A injection can significantly reduce the muscle tension of the patients' lower limbs, thus greatly relieve or cure the lower extremity spasm, improve the patients' daily self-activity ability, which is worth promoting in the treatment of lower extremity spasm after stroke.