Highly Proton Conductive Sulfonyl Imide Based Polymer Blended from Poly(arylene ether sulfone) and Parmax-1200 for Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1845-1853
Author(s):  
Lei Jin ◽  
Md Mahabubur Rahman ◽  
Faiz Ahmed ◽  
Taewook Ryu ◽  
Sujin Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Channel ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Post Modification

Thermally and chemically stable, sulfonyl imide-based polymer blends have been prepared from sulfonimide poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SI-PAES) and sulfonimide Parmax-1200 (SI-Parmax-1200) using the solvent casting method. Initially, sulfonimide poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SI-PAES) polymers have typically been synthesized via direct polymerization of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfonyl imide (SI-DCDPS) and bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone (DFDPS) with bisphenol A (BPA). Subsequently, SI-Parmax-1200 has been synthesized via post-modification of the existing Parmax-1200 polymer followed by sulfonation and imidization. The SI-PAES/SI-Parmax-1200 blend membranes show high ion exchange capacity ranging from 1.65 to 1.97 meq/g, water uptake ranging from 22.8 to 65.4% and proton conductivity from 25.9 to 78.5 mS/cm. Markedly, the SI-PAES-40/SI-Parmax-1200 membrane (blended-40) exhibits the highest proton conductivity (78.5 mS/cm), which is almost similar to Nafion 117® (84.73 mS/cm). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fenton's test confirm the excellent thermal and chemical stability of the synthetic polymer blends. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study shows a distinct phase separation at the hydrophobic/hydrophilic segments, which facilitate proton conduction throughout the ionic channel of the blend polymers. Therefore, the synthetic polymer blends represent an alternative to Nafion 117® as proton exchangers for fuel cells.

scholarly journals Ameliorated Performance of Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) Block Copolymers with Increased Hydrophilic Oligomer Ratio in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Operating at 80% Relative Humidity

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ae Kim ◽  
Mohanraj Vinothkannan ◽  
Kyu Lee ◽  
Ji Chu ◽  
Sumg Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Poly Condensation ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

We designed and synthesized a series of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPES) with different hydrophilic or hydrophobic oligomer ratios using poly-condensation strategy. Afterward, we fabricated the corresponding membranes via a solution-casting approach. We verified the SPES membrane chemical structure using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and confirmed the resulting oligomer ratio. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) results revealed that we effectively attained phase separation of the SPES membrane along with an increased hydrophilic oligomer ratio. Thermal stability, glass transition temperature (Tg) and membrane elongation increased with the ratio of hydrophilic oligomers. SPES membranes with higher hydrophilic oligomer ratios exhibited superior water uptake, ion-exchange capacity, contact angle and water sorption, while retaining reasonable swelling degree. The proton conductivity results showed that SPES containing higher amounts of hydrophilic oligomers provided a 74.7 mS cm−1 proton conductivity at 90 °C, which is better than other SPES membranes, but slightly lower than that of Nafion-117 membrane. When integrating SPES membranes with proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) at 60 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH), the PEMFC power density exhibited a similar increment-pattern like proton conductivity pattern.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Cation Exchange Membrane for Microbial Fuel Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 769-773
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In this study the cation exchange membranes(CEM) were fabricated using 3 different compositions of sulphonated poly vinyl alcohol (SPVA) and phosphorylated graphene oxide(PGO) in weight ratios by physicalmixing and casting method. Loading of PGO in the SPVA improvedwater uptake property which signifies increase in ion exchange capacity(IEC) and proton conductivity as presence of acidic groups were characterized. These fabricated membranes performances were assessed in microbial fuel cells(MFCs) and characterized using XRD and FTIR for its compositional analysis. Due to proper proton conducting channelsmost suitable CEM (SPVA-PGO-3) revealed higher proton conductivity 9.0 x 10-2 S/cm at 27oC, water uptake 114%, area swelling 54.2% and ion exchange capacity (IEC) 1.92 meq/g. The power density obtained for this composite membrane applied in MFC-3 was observed to be 503.1 mW/m2 while the COD removal results obtained as 80.8 %.

Synthesis and characterization of crosslink-free highly sulfonated multi-block poly(arylene ether sulfone) multi-block membranes for fuel cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1833-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sojeong Lee ◽  
Jinju Ann ◽  
Hyejin Lee ◽  
Joon-Hee Kim ◽  
Chang-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
High Proton Conductivity ◽  
Block Polymers ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
High Proton ◽  
Very High

Highly sulfonated hydrophilic block polymers were designed and the resultant block membrane showed very high proton conductivity even under low RH.

Preparation of Highly Stable Ion Exchange Membranes by Radiation-Induced Graft Copolymerization of Styrene and Bis(vinyl phenyl)ethane Into Crosslinked Polytetrafluoroethylene Films

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yamaki ◽  
Junichi Tsukada ◽  
Masaharu Asano ◽  
Ryoichi Katakai ◽  
Masaru Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Radiation Induced

We prepared novel ion exchange membranes for possible use in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) by the radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene and new crosslinker bis(vinyl phenyl)ethane (BVPE) into crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene (cPTFE) films and subsequent sulfonation and then investigated their water uptake, proton conductivity, and stability in an oxidizing environment. In contrast to the conventional crosslinker, divinylbenzene (DVB), the degree of grafting of styrene∕BVPE increased in spite of high crosslinker concentrations in the reacting solution (up to 70mol%). Quantitative sulfonation of the aromatic rings in the crosslinked graft chains resulted in the preparation of membranes with a high ion exchange capacity that reached 2.9meq∕g. The bulk properties of the membranes were found to exceed those of Nafion membranes except for chemical stability. The emphasis was on the fact that the BVPE-crosslinked membranes exhibited the higher stability in the H2O2 solution at 60°C compared to the noncrosslinked and DVB-crosslinked ones, as well as decreased water uptake and reasonable proton conductivity. These results are rationalized by considering the reactivity between styrene and the crosslinker, which is an important factor determining the distribution of the crosslinks in the graft component. In the case of BVPE, the crosslinks at a high density were homogeneously incorporated even into the interior of the membrane because of its compatibility with styrene while the far too reactive DVB led to a crosslink formation only near the surface. The combination of both the cPTFE main chain and BVPE-based grafts, i.e., a perfect “double” crosslinking structure, is likely to effectively improve the membrane performances for PEFC applications.

Sulfonated poly(arylene thioether ketone ketone sulfone)s for proton exchange membranes with high oxidative stability

e-Polymers ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Shen ◽  
Guyu Xiao ◽  
Guoming Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
High Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

Abstract Sulfonated poly(arylene thioether ketone ketone sulfone)s (SPATKKS) were synthesized by nucleophilic polycondensation of various amounts of 1,3- bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 1,3-bis(3-sodium sulfonate-4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, and 4,4’-dichlorodiphenylsulfone with 4,4’-thiobisbenzenethiol. Sulfonated poly- (arylene ether ketone ketone sulfone)s were also prepared in order to compare their oxidation resistance to peroxides with that of SPATKKS. SPATKKS show high oxidation resistance to peroxides. The resulting ionomers with moderate ion exchange capacity present excellent thermal stability (the 5% weight loss temperature is about 500°C) and low water uptake and swelling ratio until 85°C. The materials hold promise for application as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells.

Sulfonated aromatic copoly(ether–amide) membranes II

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadi Elim Sosa-González ◽  
Ramón del Jesús Palí-Casanova ◽  
Yamile Pérez-Padilla ◽  
María Isabel Loría-Bastarrachea ◽  
José Luis Santiago-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Polycondensation Reaction ◽  
Aromatic Diamines ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sulfonation Degree ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Several aromatic sulfonated copoly(ether–amide)s, based on the aromatic diamines 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(p-phenyleneoxy)-dianiline (HFD) and 2,4-diaminobenzensulfonic acid (DABS) and 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid) (OBA), were synthesized through a polycondensation reaction. The sulfonation degree was controlled by introducing different concentrations of 2,4-DABS from 40 mol% up to 80 mol%. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance validated the expected concentrations of sulfonic acid groups in the sulfonated aromatic copoly(ether–amide)s. Thermal decomposition of sulfonic groups was found to initiate at 280°C, while main chain decomposition initiates at 410°C. Proton conductivity between 30°C and 75°C was 19.0 and 45.0 mS/cm, respectively, for the copolymer with the highest concentration of sulfonic groups (–SO3H). Comparison with structurally similar sulfonated copolyamides and copoly(ether–amide)s indicates that these new sulfonated copoly(ether–amide)s based on 4,4′-OBA show improved mechanical properties, but a decrease in ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cells Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganmin Zeng ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
Beibei Dai ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Jinkun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Alkaline anion exchange membrane (AAEM) plays an important role in the development of fuel cell. In this research, the electrostatic spinning technology was used to prepare AAEM. We use BC/TiO2 membrane as substrate by introduced quaternary ammonium groups to prepare BC/TiO2/CHPTAC (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) composite membranes. The as-prepared composite membrane was characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, and TG methods. It was found that BC/TiO2/CHPTAC (0.05 g) membrane exhibited high thermal stability and better comprehensive performance. The degree of substitution (DS), water uptake, and ion-exchange capacity (IEC) of BC/TiO2/CHPTAC membranes were investigated. The results showed that the DS, water uptake, and IEC of BC/TiO2/CHPTAC membrane were 1.16, 140%, and 1 mmol·g−1, respectively. We believe this composite membrane with excellent performances can promise many applications in fuel cells.

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