Sulfonated aromatic copoly(ether–amide) membranes II

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadi Elim Sosa-González ◽  
Ramón del Jesús Palí-Casanova ◽  
Yamile Pérez-Padilla ◽  
María Isabel Loría-Bastarrachea ◽  
José Luis Santiago-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Polycondensation Reaction ◽  
Aromatic Diamines ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sulfonation Degree ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Several aromatic sulfonated copoly(ether–amide)s, based on the aromatic diamines 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(p-phenyleneoxy)-dianiline (HFD) and 2,4-diaminobenzensulfonic acid (DABS) and 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid) (OBA), were synthesized through a polycondensation reaction. The sulfonation degree was controlled by introducing different concentrations of 2,4-DABS from 40 mol% up to 80 mol%. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance validated the expected concentrations of sulfonic acid groups in the sulfonated aromatic copoly(ether–amide)s. Thermal decomposition of sulfonic groups was found to initiate at 280°C, while main chain decomposition initiates at 410°C. Proton conductivity between 30°C and 75°C was 19.0 and 45.0 mS/cm, respectively, for the copolymer with the highest concentration of sulfonic groups (–SO3H). Comparison with structurally similar sulfonated copolyamides and copoly(ether–amide)s indicates that these new sulfonated copoly(ether–amide)s based on 4,4′-OBA show improved mechanical properties, but a decrease in ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity.

scholarly journals Effect of Sulfonic Groups Concentration on IEC Properties in New Fluorinated Copolyamides

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Pali-Casanova ◽  
Marcial Yam-Cervantes ◽  
José Zavala-Loría. ◽  
María Loría-Bastarrachea ◽  
Manuel Aguilar-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Aromatic Diamines ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Aromatic Polyamides ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
A Value

Seven aromatic polyamides and copolyamides were synthesized from two different aromatic diamines: 4,4′-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(p-phenyleneoxy)dianiline (HFDA) and 2,4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid (DABS). The synthesis was carried out by polycondensation using isophthaloyl dichloride (1SO). The effect of an increasing molar concentration of the sulfonated groups, from DABS, in the copolymer properties was evaluated. Inherent viscosity tests were carried out to estimate molecular weights. Mechanical tests were carried out under tension, maximum strength ( σ max), Young’s modulus (E), and elongation at break (εmax) to determine their mechanical properties. Tests for water sorption and ion exchange capacity (IEC) were carried out. Proton conductivity was measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that as the degree of sulfonation increase, the greater the proton conductivity. The results obtained showed conductivity values lower than the commercial membrane Nafion 115 of 0.0065 S cm−1. The membrane from copolyamide HFDA/DABS/1S0-70/30 with 30 mol DABS obtained the best IEC, with a value of 0.747 mmol g−1 that resulted in a conductivity of 2.7018 × 10−4 S cm−1, lower than the data reported for the commercial membrane Nafion 115. According to the results obtained, we can suggest that further developments increasing IEC will render membranes based on aromatic polyamides that are suitable for their use in PEM fuel cells.

Synthesis and properties poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with pendant hyper-sulfonic acid

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (48) ◽  
pp. 38298-38307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Pang ◽  
Sinan Feng ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Jiang ◽  
Guibin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
High Proton Conductivity ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
High Proton ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups ◽  
Aromatic Side Chains

A novel poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with pendant multiple sulfonic acid groups on aromatic side chains was prepared by graft method, they displayed high proton conductivity and good dimensional stability.

Proton Conductivity under Dry Conditions for Mesoporous Silica with Highly Dense Sulfonic Acid Groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (17) ◽  
pp. 8727-8736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Fujita ◽  
Kazuya Kamazawa ◽  
Satoru Yamamoto ◽  
Madhusudan Tyagi ◽  
Toru Araki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Preparation of Highly Stable Ion Exchange Membranes by Radiation-Induced Graft Copolymerization of Styrene and Bis(vinyl phenyl)ethane Into Crosslinked Polytetrafluoroethylene Films

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yamaki ◽  
Junichi Tsukada ◽  
Masaharu Asano ◽  
Ryoichi Katakai ◽  
Masaru Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Radiation Induced

We prepared novel ion exchange membranes for possible use in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) by the radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene and new crosslinker bis(vinyl phenyl)ethane (BVPE) into crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene (cPTFE) films and subsequent sulfonation and then investigated their water uptake, proton conductivity, and stability in an oxidizing environment. In contrast to the conventional crosslinker, divinylbenzene (DVB), the degree of grafting of styrene∕BVPE increased in spite of high crosslinker concentrations in the reacting solution (up to 70mol%). Quantitative sulfonation of the aromatic rings in the crosslinked graft chains resulted in the preparation of membranes with a high ion exchange capacity that reached 2.9meq∕g. The bulk properties of the membranes were found to exceed those of Nafion membranes except for chemical stability. The emphasis was on the fact that the BVPE-crosslinked membranes exhibited the higher stability in the H2O2 solution at 60°C compared to the noncrosslinked and DVB-crosslinked ones, as well as decreased water uptake and reasonable proton conductivity. These results are rationalized by considering the reactivity between styrene and the crosslinker, which is an important factor determining the distribution of the crosslinks in the graft component. In the case of BVPE, the crosslinks at a high density were homogeneously incorporated even into the interior of the membrane because of its compatibility with styrene while the far too reactive DVB led to a crosslink formation only near the surface. The combination of both the cPTFE main chain and BVPE-based grafts, i.e., a perfect “double” crosslinking structure, is likely to effectively improve the membrane performances for PEFC applications.

Main-chain chiral smectic liquid-crystalline ionomers containing sulfonic acid groups

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 1254-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Tian ◽  
Bao-Yan Zhang ◽  
Fan-Bao Meng ◽  
Bao-Ling Zang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

scholarly journals Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes Derived from a Novel Sulfonated Diamine with Pendant Benzenesulfonic Acid for Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6050
Author(s):  
Khurram Liaqat ◽  
Srosh Fazil ◽  
Wajid Rehman ◽  
Shaukat Saeed ◽  
Farid Menaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Benzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimide ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimides

For improving the hydrolytic stability of sulfonated polyimides consisting of five membered anhydrides, novel sulfonated polyimides (NSPIs) were prepared via polymerization of 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), with a novel diamine monomer with a pendant sulfonic acid group and 4,4-oxydianiline. Water uptake of this NSPI with an excellent film-forming ability was almost equal to that of Nafion® 117, while their ion exchange capacity (IEC) was 22% higher than Nafion® 117. The loss in weight decreased by 53% and loss in IEC decreased by 66% compared to that of Nafion® 117; both were used to quantitatively measure hydrolytic stability, and radical oxidative stability also increased by 75% when compared with Nafion® 117. Mechanically, this NSPI was superior, and its proton conductivity was higher than Nafion® 117 at elevated temperatures. All these improvements were due to the introduction of this pendant group. Taken together, we herein report a promising renewable energy source based on SPIs capable of displaying proton conductivity and enhanced hydrophilicity.

Highly Proton Conductive Sulfonyl Imide Based Polymer Blended from Poly(arylene ether sulfone) and Parmax-1200 for Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1845-1853
Author(s):  
Lei Jin ◽  
Md Mahabubur Rahman ◽  
Faiz Ahmed ◽  
Taewook Ryu ◽  
Sujin Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Channel ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Post Modification

Thermally and chemically stable, sulfonyl imide-based polymer blends have been prepared from sulfonimide poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SI-PAES) and sulfonimide Parmax-1200 (SI-Parmax-1200) using the solvent casting method. Initially, sulfonimide poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SI-PAES) polymers have typically been synthesized via direct polymerization of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfonyl imide (SI-DCDPS) and bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone (DFDPS) with bisphenol A (BPA). Subsequently, SI-Parmax-1200 has been synthesized via post-modification of the existing Parmax-1200 polymer followed by sulfonation and imidization. The SI-PAES/SI-Parmax-1200 blend membranes show high ion exchange capacity ranging from 1.65 to 1.97 meq/g, water uptake ranging from 22.8 to 65.4% and proton conductivity from 25.9 to 78.5 mS/cm. Markedly, the SI-PAES-40/SI-Parmax-1200 membrane (blended-40) exhibits the highest proton conductivity (78.5 mS/cm), which is almost similar to Nafion 117® (84.73 mS/cm). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fenton's test confirm the excellent thermal and chemical stability of the synthetic polymer blends. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study shows a distinct phase separation at the hydrophobic/hydrophilic segments, which facilitate proton conduction throughout the ionic channel of the blend polymers. Therefore, the synthetic polymer blends represent an alternative to Nafion 117® as proton exchangers for fuel cells.

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of sulfonated poly(aryl ether) PEMs containing phthalazinone and oxadiazole moieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuihong Jin ◽  
Xiuling Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal And Chemical Stability ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

In this work, 2,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (2F-Oz) is synthesized and successfully polymerized with 4-(4-hydroxyaryl)-phthalazin-1-one (DHPZ) through polycondensation to produce poly(ether 1,3,4-oxidiazole) containing phthalazinone units (PPEO) with intrinsic viscosity 1.54 dL g−1. A series of sulfonated poly(ether-1,3,4-oxidiazole)s (SPPEOs) with different degrees of sulfonation are prepared via postsulfonation reaction. The chemical structure of PPEO and SPPEOs was characterized through FT-IR and proton nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. SPPEOs have excellent film-forming properties and readily dissolve in polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and so on. The water uptake of these SPPEO membranes with measured ion-exchange capacity of 1.13–1.61 mmol g−1 was 15.7–34.1% at 25°C and 17.9–59.8% at 60°C, and swelling ratio was 5.9–14.2% at 25°C and 6.6–18.1% at 60°C, respectively. The proton conductivity of SPPEO-1.61 is 0.045 S cm−1 at 30°C and 0.065 S cm−1 at 80°C, and the tensile strength of the SPPEO-1.61 is 48 MPa, and its elongation at break was 21%. The thermal and chemical stability of the SPPEOs is also examined.

scholarly journals Functionalization of Chitosan with Maleic Anhydride for Proton Exchange Membrane

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridwan Septiawan ◽  
Dian Permana ◽  
Sitti Hadijah Sabarwati ◽  
La Ode Ahmad ◽  
La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chitosan Membrane ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Chitosan was modified by maleic anhydride, and it was then functionalized using heterogeneous and blending method to obtain the membrane. The results of the reaction between chitosan with maleic anhydride were signed by the new peak appears around 1475 cm-1 which attributed to C=C bending of alkene. The new peak also appears at 1590 cm-1 which attributed to N-H bending of amide. Chitosan-maleic anhydride membranes show microstructure of chitosan membrane with high porous density and rigidity while chitosan-maleic anhydride membranes have clusters. In addition, the thermal tenacity of membranes reached 500 °C. Modified membrane by heterogeneous and blending method have higher water uptake, ion exchange capacity, and proton conductivity than chitosan membrane. Moreover, the blending method is much more effective than the heterogeneous method that can be exhibited from ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity values of 1.08–6.38 meq g-1 and 1x10-3–1x10-2 S cm-1, 0.92–2.27 meq g-1 and 1.53x10-4–3.04x10-3 S cm-1, respectively. The results imply that modification of chitosan membrane with the addition of maleic anhydride using heterogeneous and blending method can be applied to proton exchange membrane.

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